Analysis of physiological mechanisms of adaptation and resilience of winter wheat accession of different geographical origin

Abstract

The aim of the study: Analyzing the role of morphotype traits, physiological reactions in adaptation to the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine by studying a wide set of winter wheat collection accessions and identifying valuable samples for further involving them in the local breeding program.
 Materials and methods: The article contains the results of the research of 318 samples of winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin from 27 countries according to the complex of morphological traits and physiological reactions to the environmental conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine in the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 growing years. A field evaluation (visual score) was carried out at next parameters: evaluation of the state of plants before wintering; assessment of winter hardiness; assessment of the speed of plant regeneration in the spring; fixation of the earing date; assessment damage by foliar diseases. An assessment of morphological traits was carried out in accordance with the methodology for the examination of varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for DUS-test recommended by UPOV and the State Service, the methodology of physiological research in breeding from CIMMYT and the methodology for the selection of winter-hardy wheat genotypes.
 Discussion of the results: Significant variation was found for all studied traits. Analysis of temperature indicators in recent years indicates changes in the passage of the autumn and winter periods of wheat vegetation in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The weather conditions of both years of the study were generally favorable for the overwintering of winter wheat plants. It is worth noting that the overwintering conditions in the 2021-2022 vegetation year were somewhat more difficult, wheat plants were more exhausted due to the presence of sudden temperature increases and decreases. It has been studying, what important for the wheat plants adaptation to the weather conditions is not only frost resistance, but also winter resistance in combination with a high level of growth in the initial stages and good regeneration at the spring period. A correlation was established between the traits of field winter resistance and the intensity of growth in the autumn period (r=0.653) and with the regenerative capacity of plants in the spring period (r=0.835).
 Conclusions: Selected samples with high winter hardiness and high intensity of spring regeneration - Lira odes’ka, Oberih Myronivskyi, Dykanka (Ukraine) and varieties of foreign origin - Turkuaz (Azerbaijan) and Andrada (Romania). The following samples had increased winter hardiness (7-8 points) and good regeneration in spring (8-9 points) - Oktava odes’ka, Natalka, Zolotava Nosivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Bunchuk, Orzytsia Nova, PS Tashan’ (Ukraine), T67/X84W063-9-45//Karl92/3 (Turkey), AR800-1-3-1/NW97S320, NE10507 (USA). According to the two years results of the evaluation of the resistance of genotypes to Septoria tritici blotch, next samples can be use as resistance sources - Kraevyd, Mahnatka, Spivanka poliska (Ukraine), Arctis (Germany), Apertus (Austria), AR800-1-3- 1/NW97S320 (USA).