Assessment Of Mineral Density Research Articles

Assessment of the bone mineral density in patients with secondary hyperparathyroisis due to chronic kidney disease

Osteopathy in patients with SHPT and CKD is one of the most significant consequences of this pathology, the diagnostic issues of which are an urgent problem of medicine. The bone mineral density parameters were analyzed according to the double X-ray absorptiometry data for 452 patients with different stages of CKD and for 50 persons of the comparison group, including the use of a neural network algorithm. A high prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with CKD was established, from 13.8 to 28.2 % in different regions of the skeleton, increasing with the aggravation of the stage of CKD to maximum values in patients with CKD 4, 5 and in transplanted patients. It was shown that PTH is an important, but not the only risk factor for a bone mineral density reduction in patients with CKD. It was justified to perform osteodensitometry in all patients with SHPT against the background of CKD; all patients with end-stage CKD, as well as those who underwent kidney transplantation, regardless of the level of SHPT. Osteodensitometry indicators should be assessed in all regions of the skeleton, Tsc of the lumbar spine and the total hip have a maximum importance.

Advanced assessment of the bone mineral density of a finger using a vibration-based in vivo device and two-stepped cantilever beam model

Advanced assessment of the bone mineral density of a finger using a vibration-based in vivo device and two-stepped cantilever beam model

Time-series biological responses toward decellularized bovine tendon graft and autograft for 52 consecutive weeks after rat anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

There is an essential demand for developing biocompatible grafts for knee anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This study investigated cell infiltration into decellularized bovine tendon xenografts using a rat knee ACLR model. Twelve-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats were used. At weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 26, and 52 (each period, n = 6) after ACLR, rats receiving decellularized bovine tendon (group D, n = 42) or autologous tendon (group A, n = 42) as grafts underwent peritibial bone tunnel bone mineral density (BMD), histological, and immunohistological assessments. BMD increased over time in both the groups until week 16 and then remained unchanged without exhibiting significant differences between the groups. Initially, cellularity in group D was lower than that in group A; however, by weeks 4–8, both the groups were comparable to the native anterior cruciate ligament group and cellularity remained unchanged until week 52. Initially, group A had more M1 macrophages, indicating inflammation, whereas group D had more M2 macrophages, indicating tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, the M1 and M2 macrophage counts of both the groups were comparable at most times. This study revealed the excellent recellularization and tendon–bone integration abilities of decellularized tendons using a cross-species model.

Osteodensitometric Characteristics of Bone Tissue in Women with Normal Body Weight

The aim of the study was to investigate age-related changes in bone mineralization indicators in the lumbar vertebrae in women with normal body weight living in the conditions of the Northern region.Material and methods. A complex somatometric examination and quantitative assessment of the bone tissue mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae were performed according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of a group of Slavic women (n=127) with a normal body weight (BMI values from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) aged 20 to 87 years, permanently residing in the Republic of Karelia. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the program "STATISTICA 6.0".Results. The BMI values in women increased significantly every decade of life. Direct correlations of mineral bone density (MBD) with the body length (r=0.46, p<0.001), with the body surface area (r=0.46, p<0.001), with absolute muscle mass (MM) (r=0.39, p<0.001), and with body mass (r=0.29, p<0.001) were revealed. No significant correlation with the adipose mass was found. The incidence of low MBD of the lumbar vertebrae was 48%: osteopenia was in 29%, osteoporosis was in 19% of women. The analysis of the component composition of the body in women with different levels of bone mass showed significant differences in the absolute content of muscle mass.Conclusion. In women with a normal BMI, body weight and muscle mass play an essential role in maintaining lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density.

Влияние конволюционных ядер и эффекта «упрочнения луча» на оценку минеральной плотности губчатой костной ткани с использованием количественной компьютерной томографии

Влияние конволюционных ядер и эффекта «упрочнения луча» на оценку минеральной плотности губчатой костной ткани с использованием количественной компьютерной томографии

POSSIBILITY OF FRAX TOOL IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF OSTEOPOROSIS

The article presents the results of a study of bone mineral density and fracture risk assessment using FRAX tool in 179 citizens of the Ryazan region. According to the results of densitometry distal forearm in 20% of cases revealed osteopenia, and 10% - osteoporosis. The fracture risk, calculated by FRAX tool, correlates with the results of densitometry, which suggests the possibility of using FRAX for the diagnostics of osteoporosis.

Low-Dose Simulation and Sparse Sampling with Statistical Iterative Reconstruction: Dose Reduction in MDCT-Based Bone Mineral Density and Microstructure Assessment

Low-Dose Simulation and Sparse Sampling with Statistical Iterative Reconstruction: Dose Reduction in MDCT-Based Bone Mineral Density and Microstructure Assessment

Bone Age and Mineral Density Assessments Using Plain Roentgenograms in Tenofovir-exposed Infants in Malawi and Brazil Enrolled in HIV Prevention Trials Network 057.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use during pregnancy has been increasing, and studies linking bone toxicity with exposure to TDF have raised concern for its use in infants. Hand/wrist and spine radiographs were obtained at 3 days and 12 weeks of age in infants born to HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 057 pharmacokinetic study of TDF conducted in Malawi and Brazil assigned to 3 TDF dosing cohorts. In cohort 1, mothers received 600 mg of TDF during labor. In cohort 2, infants received 4 mg/kg dose on days 0, 3 and 5. In cohort 3, a 900 mg maternal dose was given during labor, followed by a 6 mg/kg infant dose on days 0, 3 and 5 of life. Across all 3 cohorts, 89 infants had radiographs performed at either time point, and 85 had radiographs performed at both time points. Metaphyseal lucency was present in 1 case in Brazil and 2 in Malawi. Fifteen percent of infants from Brazil and 9% of infants from Malawi presented bone age discrepancies. No other abnormalities were identified in Brazil, whereas in Malawi, there were 7 more cases of wrist osteopenia, 2 of spine osteopenia and 3 other abnormalities. Bone abnormalities were not uncommon in the overall cohort of HIV-exposed infants. Because of very limited study drug exposure at the time of birth, it is unlikely that TDF was associated with these findings. Untreated maternal HIV disease and/or maternal nutritional status could potentially be related to fetal bone development. This association should be explored in future cohort studies.

DXA Body Composition (BC) Should be Assessed in All Geriatric Patients Referred for DXA Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Assessment

DXA Body Composition (BC) Should be Assessed in All Geriatric Patients Referred for DXA Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Assessment

Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite with and without Chlorhexidine on Remineralization of Carious Dentine at Different Intervals: An in vivo study

This invivo study was carried out to evaluate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp); applied with or without prior application of chlorhexidine (CHX), on remineralization of caries- affected and caries infected dentine types. Forty molars in eight patients having class I caries and no pulpal involvement were selected. In each selected molar, caries was removed except from the pulpal floor. Thereafter, molars were divided into two groups (n= 20) according to the type of carious dentine left on the pulpal floor; caries- affected or infected dentine. Each group was further subdividedinto two subgroups (n=10) according to the material that was applied on carious dentine; n-HAp with or without 2% CHX. All cavities were finally sealed with glass ionomer restoration. Assessment of mineral density was performed at base line, one and three months using digitized radiography. The results showed increased mineral density in caries- affected dentine group; with no significant difference neither n-HAp was applied with or without CHX, nor was the application time increased more than one month. In caries- infected dentine group, however, mineral density was decreased. Suchdecrease was significantly evident at the third month; when n-HAp was applied without CHX. It was concluded that n- HAp could only promote remineralization of cariesaffected dentine. Additionally, although application of CHX prior to n-HAp showed no considerable influence on remineralization, yet, it could be recommended in case of caries- infected dentine as an antiseptic.

Relation between body composition and bone mineral density in young undregraduate students with different nutritional status.

ABSTRACTObjective To investigate the relationship between total and segmental body fat, bone mineral density and bone mineral content in undergraduate students stratified according to nutritional status.Methods The study included 45 male undergraduate students aged between 20 and 30 years. Total and segmental body composition, bone mineral density and bone mineral content assessments were performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were allocated into three groups (eutrophic, overweight and obese).Results With the exception of upper limb bone mineral content, significantly higher (p<0.05) mean bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and relative body fat values were documented in the obese group. Total body and segmental relative body fat (lower limbs and trunk) were positively correlated (p<0.05) with bone mineral density in the overweight group. Upper limb fat was negatively correlated (p<0.05) with bone mineral content in the normal and eutrophic groups.Conclusion Total body and segmental body fat were correlated with bone mineral density and bone mineral content in male undergraduate students, particularly in overweight individuals.

Health-related quality of life in women referred for bone density assessment: relationships with bone mineral density, fracture and co-morbidity.

To identify variables that might influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with and without a history of fracture, attending bone mineral density (BMD) assessment prior to diagnosis of osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study included 312 newly referred postmenopausal women attending for a DXA scan, without a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Data were obtained from the medical history and the General Practitioner's letter. HRQoL, using SF36 was scored using published algorithms with reference to an age-related population from England. Regression analyses were used to determine relationships between HRQoL and BMD, age, fracture status and co-morbidities. For all patients, the age-related physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores were 46 ± 10 and 47 ± 10, respectively. Controlling for confounding variables, low BMD at the femoral neck was associated with worse PCS scores (p = 0.010) and MCS scores (p = 0.034) in patients without fracture. In patients with a history of fracture, this relationship was less evident, and younger age (p < 0.00), increasing BMI (p = 0.016) and number of co-morbidities (p = 0.042) were associated with reductions in PCS scores. Patients referred for BMD assessment before a diagnosis of osteoporosis had reduced PCS scores. In patients without fracture, low BMD contributed to this reduction in health-related quality of life. Low PCS scores in patients with fracture were seen only in younger subjects with osteoporosis.

Пилотный алгоритм изучения региональных особенностей факторов риска остеопороза и переломов костей в ХМАО-Югре Тюменской области

Modern methods of determination of bone mineral density by means of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry with sufficient specificity and a low sensitivity don’t always available. In this regard, to identify the patients for appointment of therapy, the search strategy consisting in the identification of persons with a high risk of fracture was carried out. As priority direction in the diagnosis is not the fact of having osteoporosis, but the assessment of the risk of fracture. Geographical feature of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, the lack of equipment x-ray osteodensitometry in medical institutions and their absence in clinics indicate low diagnostic availability in the assessment of the bone mineral density of the population – this determines the importance of research in the region the significant risk factors of osteoporosis and important risk factors for osteoporotic fractures.

Poor Agreement Between Self-Reported Diagnosis and Bone Mineral Density Results in the Identification of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a major health concern, estimated to affect millions worldwide. Bone mineral density (BMD) assessment is not practical for many large-scale epidemiological studies resulting in the reliance of self-report methods to ascertain diagnostic information. The aim of the study was to assess the validity of self-reported diagnosis of osteoporosis in a population-based study. This study examined data collected from 906 men and 843 women participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporosis was self-reported and compared against results of BMD scans of the hip and spine. Validity was examined by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and kappa statistic. Osteoporosis was self-reported by 118 (6.7%) participants and identified using BMD results for 64 (3.7%) participants. Specificity and negative predictive value were good (95.1% and 96.0%, respectively), whereas sensitivity and positive predictive value were poor (35.9% and 31.4%, respectively). The overall level of agreement (kappa) was 0.29. The results changed only slightly when we included participants with osteopenia and adult fracture as osteoporotic. Reliance on self-report methods to ascertain osteoporosis status is not recommended.

Safety, efficacy, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the investigational single agent orteronel (ortl) in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC).

5076 Background: Ortl is a selective, non-steroidal, oral 17,20-lyase inhibitor. Due to its lower inhibition of 17α-hydroxylase vs 17,20-lyase, ortl may allow steroid-free dosing. Ortl 300 mg BID was studied in nmCRPC patients (pts). Methods: Pts with nmCRPC, PSA ≥2 ng/mL (PSA ≥8 ng/mL if doubling time &gt;8 mo), and testosterone (T) &lt;50 ng/dL received ortl 300 mg BID until PSA progression, development of metastases (mets), or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint: the percentage of pts with PSA ≤0.2 ng/mL at 3 mo. Secondary endpoints included safety, PSA kinetics, time to mets, and PFS (PSA progression, mets, or death), endocrine and bone markers, bone mineral density (BMD), HRQoL, cardiac and lipid assessments. Results: 38 pts enrolled: median PSA 11.7 ng/mL (range 2.6–67.8), T 8.5 ng/dL (1.4–17.3), and ACTH 20 ng/L (n=32; 0–47). Median therapy duration was 12.4 mo (0.7–27.8); 55% of pts were treated &gt;12 mo. 6 had dose reduction, 12 discontinued due to adverse events (AEs), including 2 for possible adrenal insufficiency. Gr 3 hypertension occurred in 7 pts (18%); various ≥Gr 3 AEs occurred in another 14 pts; 10 pts (26%) had serious AEs. At 3 mo, median T declined 89% to 0.78 ng/dL; median ACTH increased 171%; median cortisol declined 21%, but remained within normal range. 97% of pts had PSA declines; median PSA declined 83%. 18% had PSA ≤0.2ng/mL at 3 mo; 32% achieved PSA ≤0.2ng/mL as best response. Median time to PSA progression was 13.8 mo. Median PFS was 13.8 mo. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 1 and 2 y mets-free rates were 94% and 69%, respectively; 8 pts developed mets on study. The patient-reported Aging Male Symptoms Scale showed no decrease in overall scores, psychological, somatic, or sexual domains in 37, 34, 25, and 19 pts assessed at visits 2, 4, 7, and 13, respectively. Serum lipids, cardiac assessments, HbA1C, or bone-specific enzymes (N-telopeptide, or BMD) were not adversely affected. Conclusions: In pts with nmCRPC, long-term steroid-free ortl was feasible, with clinical activity as reflected by sustained marked declines in PSA and T, and had manageable toxicities, with no adverse effects on HRQoL, cardiac, bone or lipid profiles. Clinical trial information: NCT01046916.

Bone mineral density (BMD), micro-architecture estimation (TBS) and vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) extracted from a single DXA device in combination with clinical risk factors improve significantly the identification of women at high risk of fracture

Indirect micro-architectural (MA) approximation is evaluable in daily practice by the Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) measure. The aim of the OsteoLaus cohort is to combine CRF and the information given by DXA (bone mineral density [BMD], TBS and vertebral fracture assessment [VFA]) to better identify women at high fracture risk. We included 631 women: mean age 67.4 ± 6.7 y, BMI 26.1 ± 4.6. Correlation between BMD and site matched TBS was low (r2 = 0.16). Prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFx) grade 2/3, major OP Fx and all OP Fx was 8.4 %, 17.0 % and 26.0 % respectively. Ageand BMI-adjusted ORs (per SD decrease) were 1.8 (1.2–2.5), 1.6 (1.2–2.1), 1.3 (1.1–1.6) for BMD and 2.0 (1.4–3.0), 1.9 (1.4–2.5), 1.4 (1.1–1.7) for TBS respectively.

Validity of bone mineral density and WHO fracture risk assessment thresholds in hip fractures.

Hip fractures are common and serious consequence of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement and the World Health Organization (WHO) fracture risk assessment tool are considered to predict the hip osteoporotic fractures. In this study, their sensitivities in hip fracture cases are evaluated. BMD and WHO probability of fracture risk were determined in 71 hip fractures ≥ 50 years of old. Totally, 65% of patients had ≤-2.5 BMD T score. 81% of patients had above the upper interventional threshold of WHO fracture risk probability model. Sensitivities were low in 50-59 year age group with progression in older age groups. Results of BMD T score and fracture risk probabilities were not significant between men and women. There were 23% and 49% sensitivities of less than or equal to -2.5 T score in the 50-59 and 60-69 year age groups with a 31% sensitivity of greater than 3% probability of hip fracture risk in the 50-59 year age group, both of which were not valid for predicting hip fracture risk.

Abstract P1-13-08: A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating Bone Quantity and Quality in Women with Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer

Abstract Background: Approximately 1/3 of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and bone disease will sustain a skeletal related event (SRE) despite use of a bisphosphonate; there is therefore an urgent unmet need in this large population to better assess individual SRE risk and develop more effective bone protective agents. Using novel tools to assess bone quality may help guide individual patient treatment choices as well as future trial design. Materials and Methods: Women with MBC and bone metastases were recruited. Baseline bone assessments were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [areal bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)], high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), and serum markers of bone turnover [serum CTX and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP)]. Risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures were then recorded. Results: 49 baseline assessments were completed. Mean age and body mass index were 53.6 (range 30-80) and 27 (range 17-45) respectively. One in four women had an ECOG 2-3, and 24% had a clinical fracture since the diagnosis of MBC. 94% had estrogen positive disease, 11% were HER2+. 53% had prior radiation therapy to bone; 90% received bisphosphonate therapy. Bone assessments are outlined in the Table. Vertebral compression deformity (VCD) using the novel technique of VFA was most strongly associated with clinical fracture (p = 0.003). Discussion: Prospective evaluation of individual SRE risk will enable improved patient-centred care and allow more rational use of bone targeted therapies. VFA is a novel tool that may better inform treatment decisions and choice of agents in women with MBC. Future follow-up of these patients will help determine the optimal assessment modality. Bone quantity and quality assessments Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-13-08.

An in vivo magnetic resonance imaging technique for measurement of rat lumbar vertebral body blood perfusion

The technical feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of rat vertebral blood perfusion using a 1.5 T clinical scanner and a small surface coil was investigated in this study. Nine male 7-month-old Wistar-Kyoto rats were used. Computed tomographic assessment of lumbar vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) and MRI assessment of lumbar vertebral blood perfusion were performed twice with 8 weeks' interval. A 4.7 cm surface coil was used for receiving radiofrequency signal. Gadolinium-DOTA (0.3 mmol/kg) was injected through the tail vein of the rat as a quick bolus and dynamic MRI scan was carried out on the central sagittal plane of the lumbar spine for 8 min with a temporal resolution of 0.6 s. Blood perfusion parameters of wash-in rate, maximum enhancement and wash-out rate were derived from the dynamic MR images. No vertebral body size and vertebral BMD difference was detected between the two time points (P=0.222 and 0.123, respectively). Wash-in rate was 0.105 (+/-0.016)% and 0.111 (+/-0.018)%, maximum enhancement 126.5 (+/-10.6)% and 129.2 (+/-13.4)%, and wash-out rate 0.788 (+/-0.182)% and 0.792 (+/-0.182)% for the two time points. With these parameters, no difference was found between the two time points with a P value of 0.575, 0.889 and 0.754, respectively. We conclude that dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI measurement of rat vertebral blood perfusion using a 1.5 T clinical scanner and a small surface coil is feasible and reliable. This technique offers a non-invasive means to probe vertebral blood perfusion changes associated with rat disease models.

9 Operator Radiation Exposure from the GE-Lunar Prodigy

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the most commonly used method for Bone Mineral Density (BMD) assessment and is an important component in osteoporosis diagnosis and management. DXA systems require ionising radiation to perform this measurement.DXA technologists generally remain within the room while scanning and consequently are exposed to low dose radiation. The use of DXA is increasing in both clinical and research facilities. Additionally, newer systems with higher resolution and faster scan times are becoming available, which is usually achieved with increases in photon flux as well as improvements in detectors. As a result of the increased photon flux, there has been an increased concern for the level of radiation exposure to operators. Previous research has shown radiation dose to technologists performing DXA scanning to be low