Relation between body composition and bone mineral density in young undregraduate students with different nutritional status.

Edil De Albuquerque Rodrigues Filho,Manoel Da Cunha Costa,Amanda Tabosa Pereira Da Silva,Breno Quintella Farah,Florisbela De Arruda Camara E Siqueira Campos Campos,Marcos André Moura Dos Santos,Ana Patrícia Siqueira Tavares Falcão

doi:10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3569

Edil De Albuquerque Rodrigues Filho, Manoel Da Cunha Costa + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3569

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Abstract

ABSTRACTObjective To investigate the relationship between total and segmental body fat, bone mineral density and bone mineral content in undergraduate students stratified according to nutritional status.Methods The study included 45 male undergraduate students aged between 20 and 30 years. Total and segmental body composition, bone mineral density and bone mineral content assessments were performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were allocated into three groups (eutrophic, overweight and obese).Results With the exception of upper limb bone mineral content, significantly higher (p<0.05) mean bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and relative body fat values were documented in the obese group. Total body and segmental relative body fat (lower limbs and trunk) were positively correlated (p<0.05) with bone mineral density in the overweight group. Upper limb fat was negatively correlated (p<0.05) with bone mineral content in the normal and eutrophic groups.Conclusion Total body and segmental body fat were correlated with bone mineral density and bone mineral content in male undergraduate students, particularly in overweight individuals.

Highlights

Bone mineral density (BMD) reflects a dynamic process that involves bone formation and resorption, and is described as bone remodeling
In contrast with the high BMD observed in overweight or obese individuals, low BMD values were reported in individuals with low body mass index (BMI); overweight individuals seem to enjoy better protection against osteoporosis and bone fractures compared to their eutrophic, low body weight peers.[10,11]
To investigate the relation between total and segmental body fat, bone mineral density and bone mineral content in young undergraduate students stratified according to nutritional status. Sample This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study.[12]. The intentional, non-probabilistic sample comprised 45 male undergraduate students aged between 20 and 30 years, who volunteered to participate in the study and met the following inclusion criteria: young adult male; eutrophic, overweight or obese according to BMI classification.[13]. The exclusion criteria were as follows: transient or permanent physical condition precluding dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), such as limb amputation, cardiac pacemaker or any other metallic implant, or use of kidney disease medication

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Bone mineral density (BMD) reflects a dynamic process that involves bone formation and resorption, and is described as bone remodeling. Bone mass is expressed as bone mineral content (BMC), g or kg and BMD (g/cm2), both influenced by bone size. Bone matrix and mineral loss occur in response to excessive bone resorption relative to formation, with marked decrease in BMD.[1,2] Adequate bone mineralization depends upon three potentially interrelated factors: circulating levels of hormones acting on the calcification process, mechanical overload of the skeleton and intake of sufficient amounts of calcium and vitamin D, along with endogenous vitamin D production.[2,3]. In contrast with the high BMD observed in overweight or obese individuals, low BMD values were reported in individuals with low body mass index (BMI); overweight individuals seem to enjoy better protection against osteoporosis and bone fractures compared to their eutrophic, low body weight peers.[10,11]

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