Assessment Of Heavy Metal Concentrations Research Articles

Heavy metal concentration and bacterial contamination associated with selected leafy vegetables in Abeokuta Metropolis, southwest Nigeria

The assessment of heavy metal concentration (Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co and Cr) and bacteriological contamination in five (5) most consumed vegetables Talinum triangulare , Celosia argentea , Vernonia amygdalina , Corchorus olitorus and Telfaria occidentalis in Abeokuta Metropolis was carried out because the consumption of vegetables on display in markets and roadsides had been associated with gastro-intestinal disorders. The vegetables were randomly purchased from six markets within the metropolis and analyzed using standard procedures involving Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and Standard Plate Count (SPC). The levels of heavy metals in leafy vegetables varied significantly (P < 0.05) across locations and were within World Health Organisation (WHO)/Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), permissible limits except for Pb and Co found in T. occidentalis , C. argentea , T. triangulare and V. amygdalina . Eleven species of bacteria including Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , Microccoccus species, Staphyloccocus aureus , Klebsiella aerogenes , Staphylococcus saprophyticus , Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus megaterium were isolated from the leafy vegetables. B. subtilis was the most abundant (93.3% occurrence) while B. megaterium and S. aureus were least abundant (8% occurrence). Total colony counts of bacteria ranged from 1.51 x 10 7 – 58.50 x 10 7 (CFU/g) with V. amygdlina and Celosia argentea both from Elega having the lowest and highest values respectively. The levels of heavy metals and bacterial contamination in selected vegetables were found to be unsafe. Public sensitisations on hygienic handling of vegetables from production to consumption in addition to frequent safety assessment are recommended to minimize human exposure to heavy metals and bacterial pathogens.

Comparative Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations, Environmental Risks and Phytoremediation Potentials of R. racemosa and A. germinans in Mangroves of Niger Delta, Nigeria

Comparative Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations, Environmental Risks and Phytoremediation Potentials of R. racemosa and A. germinans in Mangroves of Niger Delta, Nigeria

A meta-analysis of published semivariograms to determine sample size requirements for assessment of heavy metal concentrations at contaminated sites

Soil contamination poses substantial risks to human and ecosystem health, justifying the need for accurate delineation and remediation of contaminated sites. The number of soil samples collected at a site during assessment is limited by cost and time available for assessment, increasing the potential for misclassification due to insufficient samples. Using distributions of heavy metals sourced from semivariograms provided in published studies, the first stage of this study sought to determine how many samples were required for the confidence interval around the mean to be above or below the Australian guideline value for each specific metal and study. Estimated sample size for assessing mean contamination across a site ranged from two to four samples; however, some distributions possessed a higher amount of variation and therefore required more samples. The second stage of the investigation explored sample size requirements for mapping contaminated sites. Unconditional Gaussian simulations created from published semivariograms were sampled using 15 different sample sizes, and the samples used to obtain predictions of the simulated distributions. For each sample, observed (simulated) and predicted (kriged) metal concentrations were classed as being below or exceeding the guideline values and compared through quantification of the number of misclassifications that occurred. When mapping a site of 5 km2 or less, uncertainty and misclassification decreased with increasing sample size, stabilising at around 200 samples; however, the lowest uncertainty occurred at around 500 samples. The study acknowledges this may be unrealistic and economically inefficient, so in addition to these findings it is worth exploring improvement in other areas of investigation, such as in the detection and mapping stages.

Heavy metals risk assessment in Salmo letnica from Lake Ohrid in Albania

The Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica) is an endemic species of trout found only in Lake Ohrid, in the Balkan republics of North Macedonia and Albania, where it is a species of significant economic and nutritional interest. Considering the importance of chemical risk assessment in fish for human consumption set out by European and international legislation and the risk of extinction of the Ohrid trout, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety of Ohrid trout flesh for human consumption by determining the heavy metal concentration in different organs through atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Heavy metal concentrations differed significantly in different organs (P&amp;lt;0.001). The mean and range of Pb and Cr concentrations in muscle were lower than the permissible limits recommended for human consumption according to the European Union (EU), as well as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization, whereas the mean concentration and range of Cd in muscle tissue were above the critical limits for human consumption set by the EU and FAO, revealing inspection-related problems. Accordingly, S. letnica is not completely safe for human consumption. Therefore, the long-term assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Ohrid trout from Lake Ohrid is an important safety measure for fish consumers and will help assess the status of exploitation of this biological resource.

Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Soil and Plants from Baia Mare Area, NW Romania

The results showed diverse patterns of Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr and Sn, in case of Pb in all areas exceeded the M.L.A (average 32.59 mg/kg while M.L.A. = 20 mg/kg), other elements shows high concentration that exceed the M.L.A. for Ferneziu and Săsar area. In the case of plant material also records exceedances of the M.L.A for Ferneziu and Săsar area, but in the Dura area there were no overtaking of M.L.A.

Assessment of heavy metal concentration in edible fish muscle and water sample collected from different location in Chittagong: a public health concern

Assessment of heavy metal concentration in edible fish muscle and water sample collected from different location in Chittagong: a public health concern

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Upland Soils of Gyeongnam Province

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Upland Soils of Gyeongnam Province

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Water, Soil and Vegetable in Ex-Mining Pond, Jos South L.G.A Plateau State, Nigeria.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Water, Soil and Vegetable in Ex-Mining Pond, Jos South L.G.A Plateau State, Nigeria.

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in selected foods sold in markets within port-Harcourt city, Nigeria

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in selected foods sold in markets within port-Harcourt city, Nigeria

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water, sediment and fish under different management systems in earthen ponds

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water, sediment and fish under different management systems in earthen ponds

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Pumpkin Grown along River Benue, Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Pumpkin Grown along River Benue, Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

A Limited Survey of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Fresh and Frozen Cuttlefish Ink and Mantle Used As Food

Cuttlefish ink is consumed as a delicacy worldwide. The current study is the first assessment of heavy metal concentrations in cuttlefish ink versus mantle under different storage methods. A total of 212 samples (64 of fresh mantle, 42 of frozen mantle, 64 of fresh ink, and 42 of frozen ink) were analyzed for the detection of the following heavy metals: arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd). The median As concentrations were 12.9 mg/kg for fresh mantle, 8.63 mg/kg for frozen mantle, 10.8 mg/kg for frozen ink, and 0.41 mg/kg for fresh ink. The median Cr concentrations were 0.06 mg/kg for fresh mantle and frozen ink, 0.03 mg/kg for frozen mantle, and below the limit of quantification (LOQ) for fresh ink. The median Fe concentrations were 4.08 mg/kg for frozen ink, 1.51 mg/kg for fresh mantle, 0.73 mg/kg for frozen mantle, and below the LOQ for fresh ink. The median Pb concentrations of almost all samples were below the LOQ; only two frozen ink, one fresh ink, one frozen mantle, and one fresh mantle sample exceeded the limit stipulated by the European Union. The Hg concentrations were statistically similar among the four categories of samples; the median Hg concentrations were below the LOQ, and the maximum concentrations were found in frozen ink, at 1.62 mg/kg. The median Cd concentrations were 0.69 mg/kg for frozen ink and 0.11 mg/kg for frozen mantle, fresh mantle and fresh ink concentrations were below the LOQ, and in 11.3% of the tested samples, Cd concentrations were higher than the European Union limit. The probability of samples having a Cd concentration above the legal limit was 35.75 times higher in frozen than in fresh products. Fresh ink had significantly lower concentrations of As, Cr, Fe, and Cd, but the concentrations of Hg and Pb were not significantly different from those of other products. Frozen ink had significantly higher concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Fe, but concentrations of As were lower than those in fresh mantle, pointing out a possible role for the freezing process and for different fishing zones as risk factors for heavy metal contamination.

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in drinking water samples from selected areas of Kauru Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Water is the vital resources for all kinds of lives. As a result of this a lot of studies had been carried out to ascertain the quality of drinking water, mainly by determination of heavy metals present due to their impact on human health. This study was carried out to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals in some selected drinking water samples from Kauru local government area Kaduna state. An AA500GC London Instrument atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determined the heavy metal concentrations. Prior to analysis, the water samples were pre-concentrated and the residue dissolved in 0.5M nitric acid. This study aimed at assessing the concentration of some trace metal/element in well water, river water and borehole water consumed in Kauru local government area. Five different water samples were analysed for iron, cobalt, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead, copper, magnesium, zinc, manganese content and their concentration levels compare with WHO specific maximum level. Iron was found to be between 230.3 and 15.90μgl –1 , Co between 4.80 and NDμgl –1 Cr between 36.00μgl –1 and ND, Cd ND, Ni between 0.72μgl –1 and ND, Pb between 6.220μgl –1 and ND, Cu between 1.72μgl –1 and ND, Mg between 331.3 and 186.4μgl –1 , Zn between 199.0, and NDμgl –1 , Mn between 66.20 and 33.10μgl –1 . The concentration of all the metals were considerably found to be below the limit permitted by WHO’s drinking water guidelines (WHO 2005). Findings suggest that continues water quality monitoring should be carried out to check the concentration levels of heavy metals in that area, to prevent them from been above the limit of WHO. Keywords: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers, Heavy Metals, Water, Kauru Local Government Area

Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Mangroves Leaves of the Red Sea Coast of Yemen

Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Mangroves Leaves of the Red Sea Coast of Yemen

Limnological Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Sediment of Oguta Lake, South-East Nigeria, Nigeria

Limnological Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Sediment of Oguta Lake, South-East Nigeria, Nigeria

Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Shore Sediments from the Bank of River Benue, North-Central Nigeria

Heavy metals are elements, whose density is greater than water. They are generated from our environment. Rocks, sediments, plants, water and aerosol particles represent the carriers of heavy metals. An accumulated amount of heavy metal in the body, either by inhalation, food or drinking water, can cause an adverse health effect to human. The Benue river passed through the town of makurdi, was high population of the inhabitant of Benue State dwells. The industrial and agricultural activities carried out in this region, increase the concentration of heavy metals. This may result to adverse health effect on the inhabitant of Makurdi. The objectives of this work were to determine the heavy metal concentration and its site contaminations along the bank of river Benue, Makurdi. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine the heavy metals concentration. The metals concentrations (Iron, Copper, Manganese, Lead, Zinc, Chromium, Arsenic, and Cadmium) of the three stations were found. This ranges from 3.55 - 9454.0 mg/kg, 0.20 - 8928.0 mg/kg and 2.80 - 13,657 mg/kg for stations 1, 2 and 3. With Fe recorded as the highest concentration in the sediment, this value is compared with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and World Surface Rock Average (WSRA) standard. The assessment on contamination status of heavy metals in the riverbank, showed low degree of contamination in stations 1 and 2, and moderate degree in station 3. The degree of enrichment to heavy metals in all the stations is deficient to minimal. The evaluation of the results of pollution load index (PLI) from this present study indicated PLI 1 in stations 1 and 3. Hence stations 1 and 3 are polluted, while station 2 is not polluted with heavy metals.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Surface Sediments of Vellar River Basin of Pudukottai District, Tamilnadu, India

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Surface Sediments of Vellar River Basin of Pudukottai District, Tamilnadu, India

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Greenhouse Soils of Gyeongnam Province

Heavy metal contamination of soil might be a cause of serious concern due to the potential health impacts of consuming contaminated products. In this study, the total content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, and Hg) in soils was analyzed, and the difference of heavy metal contents depending on crops, soil characteristics, and topography was compared in 169 greenhouse soils obtained from Gyeongnam Province. The concentrations of the heavy metals were 0.25 mg kg-1 (ranged 0.01~0.44) for Cd, 28.94 (0.53~72.63) mg kg-1 for Cr, 26.03 (0.5~166.13) mg kg-1 for Cu, 14.91 (1.27~33.22) mg kg-1 for Ni, 15.76 (0.43~57.1) mg kg-1 for Pb, 119.72 (6.33~239.39) mg kg-1 for Zn, 2.54 (0.01~23.57) mg kg-1 for As, and 0.049 (0.012~0.253) mg kg-1 for Hg in topsoils. The concentrations of Pb and As in topsoil were highest in green pepper and those of Cd, Cr, and Ni were highest in melon. In addition, the concentrations of Cr and Ni were highest in diluvial terrace compared with the other topographies. Higher concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Ni were found in silty clay loam and silt loam soils than sandy loam and loam soils. Correlation coefficient between heavy metals and soil organic matter of greenhouse top soils in Gyeongnam Province (n =169).

Spatial analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals concentration in drinking water resources.

The heavy metals available in drinking water can be considered as a threat to human health. Oncogenic risk of such metals is proven in several studies. Present study aimed to investigate concentration of the heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in 39 water supply wells and 5 water reservoirs within the cities Ardakan, Meibod, Abarkouh, Bafgh, and Bahabad. The spatial distribution of the concentration was carried out by the software ArcGIS. Such simulations as non-carcinogenic hazard and lifetime cancer risk were conducted for lead and nickel using Monte Carlo technique. The sensitivity analysis was carried out to find the most important and effective parameters on risk assessment. The results indicated that concentration of all metals in 39 wells (except iron in 3 cases) reached the levels mentioned in EPA, World Health Organization, and Pollution Control Department standards. Based on the spatial distribution results at all studied regions, the highest concentrations of metals were derived, respectively, for iron and zinc. Calculated HQ values for non-carcinogenic hazard indicated a reasonable risk. Average lifetime cancer risks for the lead in Ardakan and nickel in Meibod and Bahabad were shown to be 1.09×10-3, 1.67×10-1, and 2×10-1, respectively, demonstrating high carcinogenic risk compared to similar standards and studies. The sensitivity analysis suggests high impact of concentration and BW in carcinogenic risk.

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in phosphate rock deposits, Hazara basin, Lesser Himalaya Pakistan

Naturally occurring phosphate rock is the only essential source for the production of fertilizers. Heavy metals and phosphate concentrations are quite higher in phosphate rock formed by sedimentary processes. This detail study was conducted to evaluate the heavy metal concentrations in part of the Hazara region, which is the only source of phosphate fertilizer in the country. Heavy metals are considered as one of the main pollutant responsible for environmental contamination of soil. This study included the concentration of phosphorite in the Hazara region in the three useful forms: total phosphorite, extractable phosphorite and water soluble forms. The phosphorous extracted from sedimentary deposits used to maintain the natural content in agricultural soil which was being depleted due to the regular practice of crop harvest. The data collected during this studies were statically analyzed which refers the significant variations in P, Zn, Cr, Mn, As, Cu, Fe, Ni, & Pb. Zn and Cr concentration in Hazara phosphates. Heavy metals for instance Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu present in higher amount than usable limits and may create environmental pollution (air, surface & groundwater and soil) and health issues of humans. Therefore it is recommended that managing remedial steps are necessary around the mining regions to avoid environmental and health issues.