Assessment Of Ecological Situation Research Articles

A priori estimates of the mass of the burnt materials in rooms of buildings in the integral mathematical model of the initial stage of the fire

The integral mathematical model of the initial stage of a fire in the premises of buildings focuses on the problem of estimating the mass of burnt materials assuming that the data on the rate of combustion of combustible materials are not complete. A priori estimates of the mass of burnt materials are found, which do not use data on the combustible material combustion rate. To derive these estimates, a special representation of the modulus of the increment (fall) of oxygen density in a room with a fire in the initial stage was preliminarily found. Two approaches to the derivation of a priori estimates of the mass of burnt materials have been implemented - using the upper and lower estimates of the modulus of the increment (fall) of the oxygen density. A comparison of a priori estimates obtained with different approaches is performed. Research can be useful at assessment of ecological situation and consequences of the fire.

Assessment of Ecological Situation Using the Method of Nonparametric Modeling

There was presented model of ecological situation’s assessment in the city of Krasnoyarsk> that was developed using methods of nonparametric modeling, on the base of observation data of State Monitoring Network for 2012. There was substantiated flexibity and simpliciiy of modeling of various implementation of environmental situation. The proposed approach will optimize the procedure of decision making in the field of environment quality management when tasks are solved for selection expand the model, which will predict the spread of pollution not only in space but also in time and will increase you the accuracy of forecasts. Simulation speed allows you to use this method in real time.

Assessment of Ecological Situation on the Territory of Russia Using the Method of Potential Surfaces of Human Impact

For the first time rating of ecological state of all of 1100 Russian cities by an integral index of intensity of human impact on the environment, including air pollution, pollution of water resources, amount of solid consumer waste, heat and radiation contamination was made. An integrated approach to the ecological situation assessment of the Russian cities, which takes into account both the level of human impact in the settlement and pollution in the existing settlement system is proposed. The rationale and elaboration of this method acts as an important research task, because main social and ecological consequences of the territorial structure transformation of the economy can be assessed through the number of people living in conditions of varying degrees of pollution. As a result, there was developed a typology of cities in the country by the ratio of the internal pollution potential and “induced pollution” from other cities, calculated as the potential surfaces of human impact. Almost in half of Russian cities ecological situation has formed as a result of internal human impact. One-third of Russian cities are characterized by an equal contribution of inner legacy funds and external sources. However, every fifth city of Russia provides its environmental resources for settling and recreation, influenced by centers of agglomerations. The proposed measures to improve the ecological situation in the different types of cities and regions take into account the structural features of the integral index, as well as proportion of own and external components of the potential surfaces of human impact.

Экологиялық картографиялау және аумақтың экологиялық жағдайын бағалауда ГАЖ технологиясын пайдалану.

Мақалада экологиялық картографияның қалыптасуы, әдістемелік тәсілдері мен жолдары, экологиялық карталарды құрастырудың негізгі принциптері және де қазіргі заманғы жаңа картографиялық әдістерге байланысты сұрақтар қарастырылған. Еліміздегі ГАЖ пайдалана отырып жасалған экологиялық карталарды мысалға ала отырып, зерттелу аймағының экологиялық көрсеткіштерінің бейнеленуі, тек статикалық нысан ғана емес, сондай-ақ, олардың динамикалық дамуын көрсететін геомәліметтердің компьютерлік базасы түріндегі, қазіргі заманғы геоақпараттық технологияларды қолдана отырып құрастырылатын экологиялық карталарды жасаудың ерекшеліктеріне талдау жасалған. В статье рассматриваются вопросы становления экологической картографии, методические разработки и подходы, основные принципы составления экологических карт, а также современные картографические методы. На примере экологических карт, созданных в стране с применением ГИС, проделан анализ особенностей составления экологических карт с использованием современных геоинформационных технологий, в виде компьютерной базы геоданных, где экологические показатели региона исследования отображаются не как статичный объект, а показывают их развитие в динамике.