Assessment Of Burnout Research Articles

Assessment of burnout and perceived stress among health professionals: the role of the hospital work environment in Sidi Slimane, Morocco

ABSTRACT Healthcare worker burnout has serious implications for patient care and healthcare systems. This study examines burnout and stress among healthcare professionals in Sidi Slimane, Morocco, focusing on the impact of the hospital work environment. Using a mixed-methods approach combining the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and in-depth interviews, we assessed 78 healthcare professionals between December 2017 and February 2018. The results show that 8.97% of caregivers are in a pathological state of burnout, with significant correlations between perceived stress and burnout dimensions. Recent studies indicate increasing burnout rates in Moroccan healthcare settings. Our findings provide crucial baseline data for understanding systemic vulnerabilities and distinguishing between burnout-related performance issues and negligence. The study emphasises the need for culturally appropriate interventions within the specific context of the Moroccan healthcare system.

The Maslach Burnout Inventory is not a measure of burnout.

For decades, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been regarded as the "gold standard" for the assessment of burnout. The present paper demonstrates that the MBI fails to measure the construct it is purported to measure. On a deeper level, the problems affecting the MBI question the very idea of burnout. These problems may be unsurprising in light of the genesis of the burnout construct. Burnout emerged in the mid-1970s as a largely predefined entity. Burnout's definition was not predicated on robust empirical investigations or sound theorizing, nor was it anchored in a systematic review of the literature on stress and health. Interestingly, other measures deemed to assess burnout, such as the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, similarly fail to measure what they are claimed to measure. Despite far-reaching implications for our ability to study and promote occupational health, the flaws that undermine the conceptualization and measurement of burnout remain widely underappreciated. We hope this paper will help raise awareness of these flaws and correct current practices in research on job-related distress. Alternatives to burnout do exist and may enable us to support our workforce more effectively.

Assessment of academic burnout among undergraduate medical and health sciences students: a survey study from the United Arab Emirates

PurposeThis study aims to assess the prevalence of burnout among undergraduate medical and health science students and to identify the factors associated with its development.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted involving students from Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Science University. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey was used to evaluate three subscales of burnout. Ethical considerations were met, and informed written consent was obtained from participants. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between demographic, personal and school environment factors and burnout.FindingsOut of 453 students surveyed, the majority were females (74.8%) aged 18–20 years (60%). Significant levels of burnout were reported, with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment affecting over half of the participants (69%). Factors such as being in the clinical years, long-distance commuting challenges and involuntary college selection were identified as predictors of burnout.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the study provides valuable insights, limitations may include the specific context of the university and potential biases in self-reported data.Practical implicationsThe findings underscore the importance of raising awareness, maintaining work-life balance and implementing coping strategies to support student well-being and foster a positive learning environment. Suggestions include time management and seeking guidance from mentors or mental health professionals.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of burnout among medical and health science students, especially within the unique context of the United Arab Emirates, given the convergence of students from diverse nationalities and cultural backgrounds.

Implementation of Coaching to Address Burnout in Emergency Clinicians

BackgroundFactors including sleep disturbances, shift work, secondary traumatization, and workplace violence make emergency nurses uniquely susceptible to burnout. A recent study cited nearly half of emergency registered nurses (49.3%) experienced moderate to severe burnout. There is an urgent need for evidence-based solutions to address burnout and turnover in emergency nurses. The objective of this quality improvement project was to determine the effectiveness of a wellness coaching program for reducing burnout and turnover in emergency nurses and advanced practice providers. MethodsBaseline assessments of burnout and turnover intention were measured at the beginning of the coaching program and measured again upon completion of the coaching program. InterventionEight registered nurses and 2 advanced practice providers from an emergency department in a west coast community hospital completed 6 to 8 weeks of wellness coaching led by a board-certified nurse coach. The wellness coaching program was an evidence-based, modular curriculum in which participants chose the number and length of sessions. ResultsAn average of 6 hours of individualized, 1-on-1 wellness coaching was completed over 7.5 weeks. The project resulted in a large reduction in emotional exhaustion and turnover intention, no effect on depersonalization, and a small reduction in lack of personal achievement (Cohen’s d = 0.79, 1.53, −0.18, and −0.35). Ninety percent of clinicians agreed or strongly agreed that coaching helped improve their burnout and said they would consider it again in the future. ConclusionThis quality improvement project demonstrates wellness coaching was an evidence-based solution for improving burnout and turnover in emergency nurses. More investigation is needed to determine duration of reduction of these outcomes.

Burnout Among Social Workers in Social Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence

This study aimed to conduct, for the first time, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the level of burnout among social workers in the social services sector and to identify factors associated with burnout among them. Using PRISMA guidelines, searches were carried out from January 1, 1990 through January 10, 2024. Exclusively primary studies implementing the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire for diagnosing burnout were included in the review. In total, data were extracted from 24 studies, including 16,962 social services workers from seven countries. The random-effects pooled prevalence estimate of burnout was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13–27%). Pooled Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and lack of Personal Accomplishment (PA) were 50% (95% CI 38–62%), 45% (95% CI 34–64%), and 39% (95% CI 26–52%), respectively. Several variables emerged as significantly associated with higher prevalence of burnout, including older age, lower response rate, and studies conducted outside Europe. Overall, the current review demonstrated that approximately half of the social workers in the social services sector experienced burnout. A uniform diagnostic tool for the assessment of burnout is warranted, and further studies on burnout in lower- and middle-income countries are suggested.

A scoping review of mental health status in Australian medical students and doctors-in-training (DiT).

The study and practice of medicine are known to contribute to burnout in medical students and junior doctors. There is limited data on the degree of mental health burden for Australian medical students and doctors-in-training (DiT). This scoping review aims to explore the impact of medical training on the mental health of Australian medical students and DiT. Exploring the mental health landscape across different stages of training will help to establish putative factors underlying psychiatric comorbidities in this demographic. The Joanna Brigs Institute (JBI) framework for scoping review was utilized, involving the Population/Concept/Context (PCC) criteria to identify the target population and develop the search strategy. Peer-reviewed articles, published in English from 2012 to 2022 focusing on Australian medical students' and doctors-in-training mental health were considered. Of the 177 articles identified, 24 studies were included in the review. The majority of the studies focused on DiT (n = 19) of which interns and residents were most well represented (n = 12) followed by surgical training (n = 5), with general practice (GP) (n = 2) and physician specialties (nil) being poorly represented. Most studies were quantitative (n = 18), with qualitative studies(n = 6) under represented. Common mental health themes identified were overall psychological distress, burnout, and depression/suicidal ideation with workplace harassment and discrimination being less well represented. Australian DiT are not equally represented in the literature with how different specialty training pathways impact their mental health. Most studies were cross-sectional, preventing a detailed longitudinal assessment of burnout and work-associated psychological distress.

Assessment of stress and burnout among nurses – A descriptive study

Objectives To assess the level of stress and burnout among nurses and its association with demographic variables among nurses. Material and Methods A non-experimental descriptive research design was undertaken to conduct the study among 110 nurses working in Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital at Puducherry using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using the Perceived stress scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results The study findings revealed that demographic variables like age (p = 0.0001) had a statistically significant association with the level of stress among nurses. Conclusion The study concluded that the majority of the nurses had moderate levels of stress and low levels of burnout.

Implementation of a vascular acute care surgery service model is associated with decreased surgeon burnout

ObjectiveVascular surgeons have one of the highest rates of burnout among surgical specialties, often attributed to high patient acuity and clinical workload. Acute Care Surgery models are a potential solution used among general and trauma surgeons. MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education survey results from faculty and residents before and after implementation of a vascular Acute Care Surgery (VACS) model. The VACS model assigns a weekly rotation of an attending surgeon with no elective cases or clinic responsibilities and a monthly rotating resident team. Residents and attendings are in-house to cover all urgent and emergent vascular daytime consultations and procedures, whereas nights and weekend coverage remain a typical rotating schedule. Survey question results were binned into domains consistent with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. ResultsBoth residents and faculty reported an increase in median scores in Maslach Burnout Inventory domains of emotional exhaustion (Faculty: 2.9 vs 3.4; P < .001; Residents: 3.1 vs 3.6; P < .001) and faculty reported higher personal accomplishment scores (Faculty: 3.3 vs 3.8; P = .005) after the VACS model implementation. ConclusionsA VACS model is a tangible practice change that can address a major problem for current vascular surgeons, as it is associated with decreased burnout for faculty and residents through improvement in both emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. Improved longitudinal assessment of resident and faculty burnout is needed and future work should identify specific practice patterns related to decreased burnout.

Assessment of Burnout in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Residents: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Assessment of Burnout in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Residents: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Burnout among Nurses and Doctors Working at a Tertiary Care Government Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Work environment related feelings of dissatisfaction, exhaustion, decreased interest and isolation is common. Burnout among health professionals has been on rise at every stage of professional growth affecting wellness of service providers, patient care and health care organizational efficiency. Assessment of burnout among health care workers from government setup in the current context in this post COVID era in our socio-geographical context has become essential. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of burnout among nurses and doctors working at a tertiary care government hospital in Nepal. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among nurses and doctors working at a tertiary level government hospital from 10th May 2022 to 9th Nov 2022 after approval from Institutional Review Committee of the same institute. Nurses and doctors available on duty, from all ages were included. Trainees and students, those unable to participate due to their illness, on leave, known cases of mental illness were excluded. The point estimate was calculated at 95% Confidence. Among 180 participants, the prevalence of moderate burnout was 94 (52.22%) (44.92-59.51, 95% Confidence Interval). Among nurses 72 (50%), while in doctors 22 (61.11%) had moderate burnout. Out of those with moderate levels of burnout, the majority of 66 (52.80%) were in the age group 26-50 years. The prevalence of burnout among nurses and doctors is high, similar to other studies done in similar settings.

Burnout among Nurses and Doctors Working at a Tertiary Care Government Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Work environment related feelings of dissatisfaction, exhaustion, decreased interest and isolation is common. Burnout among health professionals has been on rise at every stage of professional growth affecting wellness of service providers, patient care and health care organizational efficiency. Assessment of burnout among health care workers from government setup in the current context in this post COVID era in our socio-geographical context has become essential. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of burnout among nurses and doctors working at a tertiary care government hospital in Nepal. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among nurses and doctors working at a tertiary level government hospital from May 2022 to Nov 2022 after approval from Institutional Review Committee of the same institute. Nurses and doctors available on duty, from all ages were included. Trainees and students, those unable to participate due to their illness, on leave, known cases of mental illness were excluded. The point estimate was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval. Among 180 participants, the prevalence of moderate burnout was 94 (52.22%) (44.92-59.51, 95% Confidence Interval). Among nurses 72 (50%), while in doctors 22 (61.11%) had moderate burnout. Out of those with moderate levels of burnout, the majority of 66 (52.80%) were in the age group 26-50 years. The prevalence of burnout among nurses and doctors is high, similar to other studies done in similar settings.

Assessment of burnout, resilience, and thriving among academic health professionals: findings from an international study.

Burnout, resilience, and thriving significantly impact academics, particularly in health professions, where responsibilities are extensive. This study aimed to explore these constructs among academic health professionals, examining sociodemographic and work-related factors influencing these outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among academic health professionals via web-based professional networks from August 2022 to February 2023. Validated tools were used, and descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. 505 participants were included, predominantly female (63%), with a mean age of 38.15 ± 9.6 years. High burnout was reported by 10.9%, 13.7% experienced exhaustion, and 6.3% were disengaged. Resilience and thriving were moderate at 59.2 and 51.9%, respectively. Age correlated negatively with burnout (r = -0.131, p = 0.003) but positively with resilience (r = 0.178, p < 0.001). Females reported higher exhaustion (p = 0.014), while males showed greater resilience (p = 0.016). Instructors exhibited lower resilience compared to assistant professors (p < 0.001) and associate professors (p < 0.001). Those at public universities reported higher exhaustion than those at private universities (p < 0.001). Variable levels of burnout, resilience, and thriving were observed among academic health professionals, influenced by sociodemographic and work-related factors. Interventions targeting resilience and thriving may mitigate burnout risk and enhance engagement among academics in health professions.

Exploring Burnout: A Study on Psychiatric Nurses in Tunisia

IntroductionBurnout, marked by persistent workplace stress without effective management, is particularly pertinent for psychiatry nurses, considering the nature of their work environment and its potential impact on the quality of care they deliver.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of burnout among psychiatric nurses and to identify the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with it.MethodsCross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted over the course of one month from October 11th to November 8th 2023. Participants included were psychiatric nurses working in Razi Hospital, Tunisia. We collected data using pre-established questionnaire which included socio-demographic and clinical data of the participants. The assessment of Burnout was conducted using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), validated in Arabic. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) in its 25th version.ResultsWe collected data from 55 nurses working in Razi psychiatry hospital during the time of the study. Among them, 80% (n=44) were female. Their median age was 35 (Min=25, Max=62). Most of participants were married (81.8%, n=45) and 70.9 (n=39) had kids. In our sample, 5.5% (n=3) and 23.6% (n=13) had respectively personal psychiatric and somatic history. Some addictive behaviors were identified among our participants, especially smoking (14.5%, n=379) and alcohol use (3.6%, n=2).Regarding working conditions, 81.8% (n=45) were assigned shift work. They worked in the men’s ward (43.6%, n=24), the women’s ward (34.5%, n=19), or in both (21.8%, n=12). Furthermore, 45.5% (n=25) reported witnessing a suicide attempt during their work, and 74.5% (n=41) were victims of aggression, primarily by patients (82.5%, n=33). Sixty percent (n=33) said expressed a desire to transfer.According to the MBI, 49.1% (n=27) had high emotional exhaustion, 27.3% (n=15) had high depersonalization and 67.3% (n=37) had low personal accomplishment.A significant association was found between low personal accomplishment and the desire to transfer to another department (p=0.026). No further links were found with other clinical data.ConclusionsOur findings provide a thorough examination of burnout among psychiatric nursing professionals, underscoring the critical need for specific interventions tailored to their unique challenges.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Assessment Of Burnout And Job Satisfaction Among Healthcare Workers: A Cross Sectional Study

Assessment Of Burnout And Job Satisfaction Among Healthcare Workers: A Cross Sectional Study

Artificial Intelligence–Generated Draft Replies to Patient Inbox Messages

The emergence and promise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) represent a turning point for health care. Rigorous evaluation of generative AI deployment in clinical practice is needed to inform strategic decision-making. To evaluate the implementation of a large language model used to draft responses to patient messages in the electronic inbox. A 5-week, prospective, single-group quality improvement study was conducted from July 10 through August 13, 2023, at a single academic medical center (Stanford Health Care). All attending physicians, advanced practice practitioners, clinic nurses, and clinical pharmacists from the Divisions of Primary Care and Gastroenterology and Hepatology were enrolled in the pilot. Draft replies to patient portal messages generated by a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant electronic health record-integrated large language model. The primary outcome was AI-generated draft reply utilization as a percentage of total patient message replies. Secondary outcomes included changes in time measures and clinician experience as assessed by survey. A total of 197 clinicians were enrolled in the pilot; 35 clinicians who were prepilot beta users, out of office, or not tied to a specific ambulatory clinic were excluded, leaving 162 clinicians included in the analysis. The survey analysis cohort consisted of 73 participants (45.1%) who completed both the presurvey and postsurvey. In gastroenterology and hepatology, there were 58 physicians and APPs and 10 nurses. In primary care, there were 83 physicians and APPs, 4 nurses, and 8 clinical pharmacists. The mean AI-generated draft response utilization rate across clinicians was 20%. There was no change in reply action time, write time, or read time between the prepilot and pilot periods. There were statistically significant reductions in the 4-item physician task load score derivative (mean [SD], 61.31 [17.23] presurvey vs 47.26 [17.11] postsurvey; paired difference, -13.87; 95% CI, -17.38 to -9.50; P < .001) and work exhaustion scores (mean [SD], 1.95 [0.79] presurvey vs 1.62 [0.68] postsurvey; paired difference, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.50 to -0.17; P < .001). In this quality improvement study of an early implementation of generative AI, there was notable adoption, usability, and improvement in assessments of burden and burnout. There was no improvement in time. Further code-to-bedside testing is needed to guide future development and organizational strategy.

Assessment of academic burnout and professional self-concept in undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundNursing turnover and shortage are an increasing phenomenon throughout the world; thus, it is critical to determine the factors that contribute to them. Nursing students' retention plans and turnover intentions are significantly influenced by academic burnout and professional self-concept. The COVID-19 pandemic could aggravate the study-associated stresses leading to burnout and jeopardize the nursing student's professional socialisation which is a key factor in their professional self-concept formation, it is important to investigate their relationship. PurposeTo examine the relationship between professional self-concept and academic burnout among undergraduate Bachelor of Nursing students and identify predictors related to academic burnout. MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2021. The participants were undergraduate Bachelor of Nursing students from two campuses of a large university in Victoria, Australia. Out of 1630 students, 198 participated in the study. The students were invited to complete an online survey through the university's online learning platform or flyers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Bootstrapping approaches were used to analyse the data. ResultsThe analysis found a significant positive correlation between the nursing students' total professional self-concept and academic burnout professional efficacy (r = 0.48; p < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was also detected between the total professional self-concept and academic burnout cynicism (r = − 0.21; p < 0.01). Moreover, the total nurse professional self-concept was a significant predictor of both academic burnout subscales cynicism and professional efficacy (p < 0.01). ConclusionsPositive nursing professional self-concept may alleviate student's academic burnout, and it might contribute to the promotion of their professional efficacy.

Occupational Health Challenges for Aviation Workers Amid the Changing Climate: A Narrative Review.

Although there are many forecasts regarding the impact of climate change on the aviation sector, a critical but frequently neglected dimension is the occupational safety risks faced by aviation professionals. This narrative review explores the potential impacts of the changing climate on the health and safety of aviation personnel. Furthermore, we examine the significance of resilience in helping these workers adapt and effectively manage climate-related challenges in their professional lives. Climate change poses increasing threats to the well-being of flight personnel through elevated temperatures, heightened ultraviolet radiation exposure, increased mental workload from extreme weather events, and other psychological stressors. Building resilience through workforce training, planning, and adaptation can reduce vulnerability. In future research, the iterative process of selecting measurement components to gauge the impact of climate change should balance feasibility, relevance for stakeholders, and accurately capturing exposure effects. For instance, while salivary cortisol measures stress biologically, assessments of depression or burnout may provide more nuanced insights on pilot health for industry decision-makers managing climate impacts. In conclusion, a strategic emphasis on enhancing the physical and psychological well-being of the aviation workforce is imperative for facilitating a more efficient adaptation within the sector. This is of paramount importance, considering the critical function that aviation serves in fostering human connectivity. Consequently, it is essential for regulatory bodies and policymakers to prioritize the safeguarding of employee health in the face of climate change challenges.

Veterinary team members experiencing high levels of burden transfer are more likely to report burnout and a less optimal psychosocial work environment.

To describe burden transfer in a sample of veterinary workers employed by a Canadian veterinary corporation and to examine the association between different levels of burden transfer and employee burnout and perceived psychosocial work environment. 475 employees of small-animal veterinary hospitals owned by a corporate practice group. Veterinary team members among 14 working groups responded to an online survey that included assessments of burden transfer, psychosocial environment, and burnout within the workplace. Participants were divided into groups on the basis of self-reported burden-transfer scores being low, mid, or high, and multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to ascertain associations between level of burden transfer, psychosocial environment, and burnout. On average, participants perceived difficult encounters with clients to occur with moderate frequency and reported reactions that were low-moderate in intensity. Individuals with high burden-transfer scores were identified in all working groups. Across the 3 burden-transfer groups, the key finding was that high-level burden transfer was associated with perception of greater emotional demands within the workplace, reduced support from supervisors, reduced feeling of social community in the workplace, and elevated rates of burnout among these participants. Findings highlight elevated risks for a certain population of veterinary employees experiencing high levels of burden transfer and underscore the potential need for targeted interventions to support these individuals. Employees who currently react to challenging client interactions with moderate or low intensity may also benefit from these programs as a preventative measure.

Features of stress perception and emotional burnout among employees of medical institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the most affected group of the population were medical workers who had higher risks of infection, illness and psycho-emotional destabilization.&#x0D; The aim of the study is to assess the peculiarities of perception and response to stressful factors in the conditions of the COVID–19 pandemic of medical institutions’ employees and the degree of their emotional burnout.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two consecutive stages by means of an online survey using questionnaires specially developed on the Google platform. At the initial stage, during the “second wave” of the pandemic (November–December 2020), using the “Perceived stress Scale-10”, the peculiarities of perception and response to stress of medical institution employees were analyzed. At the second stage, in the “third wave” of the pandemic (June-July 2021), according to a special questionnaire by K. Maslach and S. Jackson, an assessment of staff burnout was carried out. The criterion for inclusion in the study is the status of an employee of a medical institution; the exclusion criterion is the absence of the fact of work in a medical institution.&#x0D; Results. A significant variability of overstrain indicators in the stress perception subscale was revealed, with a greater representation of “low” values. Analysis of the parameters on the stress counteraction subscale showed their homogeneity and greater severity of “high” indicators. A high degree of emotional burnout of employees has been established. Risk groups for the formation of emotional burnout syndrome were employees of non-medical specialties, females, with work experience of up to 5 years.&#x0D; Limitations. Only employees of medical organizations participated in the online survey.&#x0D; Conclusion. As a result of the study, data were obtained on the psycho-emotional state of medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, potential risk groups for the formation of emotional burnout syndrome were identified, requiring primarily professional psychological assistance and support.

A simplified measure of burnout symptoms among paramedics - an exploratory analysis of a Hungarian sample

BackgroundBurnout is still one of the leading mental health problems. According to research results over the past decades, healthcare workers, including paramedics, are considered a high-risk group. In concordance with these results, the available resources need to prioritize monitoring paramedics’ mental health.MethodsIn our study, we investigated whether the available test batteries measuring burnout could be reduced while maintaining their effectiveness. We reduced the 21-item Burnout Measurement and the 8-item version of the Psychosomatic Symptom Scale using the data of 727 Hungarian paramedics. We selected the top four items of the questionnaires that were significantly correlated with the original Burnout Measure Index and the Psychosomatic Scale Index. The classification efficiency of the shortened list of items was based on the initial risk categories of the Burnout Measure and its sensitivity was analyzed using Binary Logistic regression and ROC curves. We then used Two-Step Cluster Analysis to test the ability of the shortened Burnout Measure Index to develop new risk categories. The reliability indicators were also explored.ResultsThe results show that the Burnout Measurement can be reduced to 4 items with a classification efficiency of 93.5% in determining the level of burnout. The 5-item reduction of the Psychosomatic Symptom Scale can classify subjects to the appropriate intervention level for burnout with an efficiency of 81.6%. The ROC analysis suggests that the shortened questionnaires have an excellent separative ability to discriminate between the initial risk groups. Three new risk categories were also identified as a result of the cluster analysis.ConclusionThe shortened scales may be proven effective in resource management, which could significantly quicken the assessment of burnout in the future. The abbreviated scale is also suitable for classifying subjects into risk categories. However, further research is needed to see whether the shortened scales can be used as a diagnostic tool.