Assessment Checklist Research Articles

Implementation of peer-to-peer oral care objective structured clinical examination-based learning for nursing students.

Nurses' skills and confidence in providing oral care to patients play important roles in healthcare. Studies have proved that peer-to-peer learning and assessment can help improve nurses' skills and confidence. However, no study has investigated it using an objective assessment checklist. This study investigated an oral hygiene practice training program for nursing students. It focused on their oral healthcare skills, confidence, and perspectives regarding implementing an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). A pre- and post-survey of 97 nursing students from a nursing school in Japan was conducted as a peer-to-peer oral health education training program that included an assessment and performance checklist. Confidence in performing and assessing oral care significantly improved after attending the program. Furthermore, the changes were significantly greater in the developed program than in the training program without the checklist. The mean total assessment scores (0-25) of the first, second, third, and fourth participants in the four-student groups were 22.1, 23.4, 23.9, and 24.1, respectively. The mean scores of the second, third, and fourth participant groups were significantly higher than that of the first participant group (p < .01). Fifty-two positive and 58 negative comments were received regarding the implementation of the program with professional assessments and the checklist. The most common positive comment mentioned that the evaluation by professionals improved oral care learning and skills. This study developed a program to improve nursing students' confidence and oral care delivery skill building in an OSCE-style delivery.

THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING ASSESSMENT OF TUNJUNGSARI SUBURBAN, BANTUR VILLAGE, MALANG DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY

Background: The community health nursing assessment is a process to understand the health problems that are often found in such location including health behavior problems, environmental problem, also health services utilization problem which will cause various effect among age group population Purpose: Researcher would like to perform nursing process to the community health problems at the Tunjungsari Suburban, Bantur Village, Malang District. Methods: The case study with a cross sectional approach used as research design. The nursing community assessment checklist delivered to 641 respondents who lives at 217 households around Tunjungsari Suburban, Bantur Village. The data then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis based on community nursing approach using community as partner theory. Results: The results showed that the community had a risky health behaviour marked by 47% adult were smoking inside the house, 73% of the elders never performing any health check, 89% of the elder’s never to come to the Posyandu. 38,27% of the total population experienced acute inflammatory respiratory disease during the past 6 months, and failed to managing the household waste due to limited facilities. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, it is recommended for the stakeholders to improve the community health services, increases the health promotion programs distribution especially targeting the elder’s population. For the government providing final waste management in this community will help to increases the community health. Keywords: Case study; community health; nursing process.

Impact of chronic diseases on the periapical health of endodontically treated teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Systemic diseases affecting the immune system can influence the body's response time to endodontic treatment, potentially necessitating a longer duration for the complete resolution of existing infections when compared to healthy controls. This systematic review aims to evaluate the association between the presence of chronic diseases and periapical status after endodontic treatment through a systematic and comprehensive assessment of existing literature on this topic. The search strategy covered seven electronic databases and grey literature, encompassing articles published until October 2023. Two reviewers independently assessed potentially eligible studies based on the following criteria: Included were studies involving populations exposed to pre-existing chronic diseases who underwent endodontic treatment in permanent teeth. These studies evaluated periapical health status, making comparisons with healthy individuals. There were no language or publication date restrictions. Additionally, two reviewers independently extracted data regarding the characteristics of the included studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment Checklist. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Twenty-three studies were included in the synthesis. Patients with diabetes were found to have about half the odds of having periapical health compared to non-diabetic patients (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.30-0.70%; I2 = 58%) in teeth that underwent endodontic treatment. On the other hand, other systemic diseases like HIV, cardiovascular disease, and rheumatoid arthritis did not demonstrate significant differences concerning the outcome. In conclusion, diabetic patients showed a lower likelihood of maintaining periapical health. Conversely, patients with HIV, cardiovascular disease, and rheumatoid arthritis did not exhibit significant differences, although the existing evidence is still considered limited. It is crucial to manage these patients in a multidisciplinary manner to provide appropriate care for this population.

CONTENT EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT INFORMATION QUALITIES OF YOUTUBE VIDEOS ON CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Introduction: One of the leading video sharing platforms is YouTube (YT). Due to their increased use, these can possibly create misconceptions about the condition, especially the associated treatment and signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Thus, this evaluates the information quality of YT videos about carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: This is a descriptive-evaluated study focused on assessing the information qualities of CTS videos on YT. Using Macleod et al. information quality index (2015), modified Diagnostic Information Quality Assessment Checklist (DIQAC) and Treatment Information Quality Assessment Checklist (TIQAC) were utilized. DIQAC measures the elements explanation, history, physical examination and ancillary procedures; while TIQAC, presurgical, surgical procedure, rehabilitation and complication elements. YT videos from 2020 onwards were searched using keywords "carpal tunnel syndrome", "diagnosis" and "treatment", and screened for duplicates, non-related to topic and without audio. Out of 31 videos retrieved, 11 YT videos on CTS were evaluated by physical therapists to determine the reliability of YT videos on CTS. Results: Results showed that YT-CTS videos are highly reliable in the elements explanation (45%) and history (36.36%), moderate to reliable in ancillary procedure (54.54%) and moderately reliable in physical examination (36%), in terms of DIQAC scoring. Whereas in TIQAC scoring, YT-CTS videos obtained a highly reliable presurgical scoring (45.45%). Surprisingly, it is poorly reliable in complication scoring (45.45%), very poorly to poor reliable in rehabilitation scoring (72.72%), and very poorly reliable in surgical scoring (45.45%). Overall, diagnosis information quality is high (65%), but low treatment information quality (32%). Discussion: This demonstrates that YT videos are technological tool that a physical therapist or a clinicians can utilize to educate and diagnose. Treatment information can hardly be explained in videos, which can vary form case to case, and is best explained through medical advice of a doctor to his patient with CTS.

Prevalence of occupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesOccupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) describe the psychological distress caused by exposure to injustice at work. This meta-analysis aims to determine the prevalence of occupational moral injury...

A meta-analysis of diabetes risk prediction models applied to prediabetes screening.

To provide a systematic overview of diabetes risk prediction models used for prediabetes screening to promote primary prevention of diabetes. The Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched for a comprehensive search period of 30 August 30, 2023, and studies involving diabetes prediction models for screening prediabetes risk were included in the search. The Quality Assessment Checklist for Diagnostic Studies (QUADAS-2) tool was used for risk of bias assessment and Stata and R software were used to pool model effect sizes. A total of 29 375 articles were screened, and finally 20 models from 24 studies were included in the systematic review. The most common predictors were age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, and physical activity. Regarding the indicators of model prediction performance, discrimination and calibration were only reported in 79.2% and 4.2% of studies, respectively, resulting in significant heterogeneity in model prediction results, which may be related to differences between model predictor combinations and lack of important methodological information. Numerous models are used to predict diabetes, and as there is an association between prediabetes and diabetes, researchers have also used such models for screening the prediabetic population. Although it is a new clinical practice to explore, differences in glycaemic metabolic profiles, potential complications, and methods of intervention between the two populations cannot be ignored, and such differences have led to poor validity and accuracy of the models. Therefore, there is no recommended optimal model, and it is not recommended to use existing models for risk identification in alternative populations; future studies should focus on improving the clinical relevance and predictive performance of existing models.

P500 Systematic review of sexual function measurement instruments in the context of pelvic and perineal surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Background Sexual dysfunction after Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), pelvic and perineal surgery is common but poorly discussed, investigated and treated in the peri-operative period. There remains no standardised measurement tool to assess sexual function in routine use for patients undergoing benign pelvic colorectal surgery. The necessity for open dialogue regarding sexual dysfunction was evidenced in a patient-led study conducted by Dames et al. Our primary objective was to undertake a systematic review of sexual function measurement instruments, to identify the need for a novel sexual function patient-reported outcome measure (sex-PROM) that may be used in the context of pelvic and perineal surgery for IBD e.g. fistula surgery, defunctioning ostomy formation, ileo-anal pouch formation and proctectomy. Methods We performed a systematic review according to Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria (Prospero registration: CRD42023403396). Embase, Medline and PubMed Databases were searched for previously validated patient-reported outcome measures that could be used in the assessment of sexual function. These instruments were evaluated for their psychometric properties, in addition to their overall quality, utility and suitability in the context of IBD and other benign surgery. A global rating was attained according to COSMIN criteria. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) checklist was applied to evaluate the quality of evidence. In addition, patient involvement in instrument development was assessed. Results Some 2331 articles were screened, 305 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility and 56 measurement instruments were identified and evaluated. All studies showed limited psychometric validation. The Female Sexual Function Index and the International Index of Erectile Function were among the highest-scoring instruments, however conveyed significant limitations, including an anatomical focus, limited exploration of quality of life and relationship satisfaction, and a lack of significant patient involvement in their development. All identified measurement instruments carried limited specific clinical utility for patients after IBD surgery. Conclusion Sexual dysfunction after pelvic surgery for inflammatory bowel pathology is multi-factorial. It can result from anatomical nerve damage but can also occur secondary to the psychological impact of altered body image, sexual self-esteem, and relationships and intimacy. We recommend the development of a novel patient-centred sexual function measurement instrument that may be used after benign pelvic/perineal colorectal surgery to be used in the clinical and research settings.

Prevalence and factors associated with maternal and neonatal sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with maternal and neonatal sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa. This systematic review and meta-analysis used the PRISMA guideline on sepsis data in sub-Saharan Africa. The bibliographic search was carried out on the following databases: Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, African Index Medicus, and Google Scholar. Additionally, the reference lists of the included studies were screened for potentially relevant studies. The last search was conducted on 15 October 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment checklist was applied for critical appraisal. Estimates of the prevalence of maternal and neonatal sepsis were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Heterogeneity between studies was estimated using the Q statistic and the I2 statistic. The funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to assess the publication bias. A total of 39 studies were included in our review: 32 studies on neonatal sepsis and 7 studies on maternal sepsis. The overall pooled prevalence of maternal and neonatal sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa was 19.21% (95% CI, 11.46-26.97) and 36.02% (CI: 26.68-45.36), respectively. The meta-analyses revealed that Apgar score < 7 (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6-3.5), meconium in the amniotic fluid (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.8-4.5), prolonged rupture of membranes >12 h (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.9-4.1), male sex (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.4), intrapartum fever (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.7), and history of urinary tract infection in the mother (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.2) are factors associated with neonatal sepsis. Rural residence (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.01-10.9), parity (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.7), prolonged labor (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.6-6.9), and multiple digital vaginal examinations (OR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.3-14.3) were significantly associated with maternal sepsis. The prevalence of maternal and neonatal sepsis was high in sub-Saharan Africa. Multiple factors associated with neonatal and maternal sepsis were identified. These factors could help in the prevention and development of strategies to combat maternal and neonatal sepsis. Given the high risk of bias and high heterogeneity, further high-quality research is needed in the sub-Saharan African context, including a meta-analysis of individual data.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022382050).

Evaluation Of The Implementation Process Of PSAP 16 Service Concession Agreement – Grantor On Toll Roads At The Ministry Of Public Works And Housing

This research aims to evaluate the process of implementing PSAP 16 in toll road service concession agreements at the Ministry of Public Works and Housing and the obstacles in implementing accounting by applicable regulations. This research uses qualitative methods through a case study approach by analyzing documentation data, process assessment checklists, and semi-structured interviews. The research results show that the implementation process of PSAP 16 has several obstacles, including the computerized accounting calculation system that does not fully accommodate the calculation of service concession assets, especially for service concession agreements that were in place before PSAP 16 came into effect and the need for internal control to separate the portion of capital expenditure and operating expenditure in service concession assets so that it can be presented under economic substance. This research recommends that coordination is needed to develop an integrated accounting system for recording service concession assets, optimize effective internal control over service concession agreements, and adequate measurement mechanisms so that service concession assets shall be accounted for in accordance with PSAP 16.

Osteoporosis and Leptin: A Systematic Review.

Leptin has a great effect on bone through direct or indirect involvement in bone remodeling. Considering the ambiguities that exist regarding the effect of leptin on bone and bone-related diseases including osteoporosis, in this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of various studies on the effect of leptin on osteoporosis, which may find an answer to the existing ambiguities. The search was performed to review studies on the effects of leptin on osteoporosis by using several databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Electronic searches were conducted on 5 Jan 2023. There was no limit on the publication date of the articles. The risk of bias for the animal study was assessed with the CAMARADES checklist, and the study quality assessment was also assessed based on the guidelines for in vivo experiments (ARRIVE). In this study, the risk of bias (quality) of human studies was assessed using the quality assessment checklists by NHLBI. Overall, 34 articles were included for data extraction and quality assessment. Overall, 27 human studies and seven animal studies were included in the article. The results of most of the studies conducted in this study showed that leptin has a physiological role in maintaining bone mass and better bone quality and reduces bone marrow adipogenesis and increases bone mineral density (BMD). As plasma leptin levels increased, BMD values or bone formation biomarkers increased. Leptin has an inhibitory role against bone resorption and increasing osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, which, as a result, maintains bone density and reduces osteoclast activity, and has a positive relationship with increasing osteocalcin.

Evaluation of Quantitative Pupillometry in Acute Postinjury Pediatric Concussion

BackgroundAlthough millions of children sustain concussions each year, a rapid and objective test for concussion has remained elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate quantitative pupillometry in pediatric patients in the acute, postinjury setting. MethodsThis was a prospective case-control study of concussed patients presenting to the emergency department within 72 hours of injury. Pupillary measurements were gathered using NeurOptics’ PLR 3000; evaluation included a symptom checklist and neurocognitive assessment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression models. ResultsA total of 126 participants were enrolled. One significant difference in pupillometry between concussed and control participants was found: left minimum pupil diameter in 12- to 18 year-olds (P = 0.02). Models demonstrating odds of a concussion revealed significant associations for time to 75% recovery (T75) of the left pupil in five- to 11-year-olds and average dilation velocity of the left pupil in 12- to 18-year-olds (P = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). Models predicting symptom improvement showed one significant association: percent change of the right pupil in five-to-11-year-olds (P = 0.02). Models predicting neurocognitive improvement in 12- to 18-year-olds demonstrated significant association in T75 in the left pupil for visual memory, visual motor processing speed, and reaction time (P = 0.002, P = 0.04, P = 0.04). ConclusionsThe limited statistically significant associations found in this study suggest that pupillometry may not be useful in pediatrics in the acute postinjury setting for either the diagnosis of concussion or to stratify risk for prolonged recovery.

Mapping Respiratory Health Digital Interventions in South and Southeast Asia: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

The last 2 decades have been a time of exponential growth and maturation for digital health, while the global burden of respiratory disease continues to grow worldwide. Leveraging digital health interventions (DHIs) to manage and mitigate respiratory disease and its adverse health effects presents itself as an obvious path forward. We aimed to understand the current digital landscape and enabling environment around respiratory health to reduce costs, avoid duplication, and understand the comprehensiveness of DHIs. This study will follow a scoping review methodology as outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PakiMedNet, and MyMedR databases will be searched along with key websites, repositories, and gray literature databases. The terms "respiratory health," "digital health," "South Asia," and "Southeast Asia," as well as related terms will be searched. The results will be screened for duplicates and then against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the studies included, data will be extracted, collated, and analyzed. The scoping review was started in July 2023 and will be finalized by February 2024. Results will be presented following the World Health Organization's classification of DHIs to categorize interventions in a standardized format and the mobile health evidence reporting and assessment checklist to report on the effectiveness of interventions. Further exposition of the evidence extracted will be presented through narrative synthesis. As DHIs continue to proliferate, the need to understand the current landscape becomes more pertinent. In this scoping review, we will seek to more clearly understand what digital health tools and technologies are being used in the current landscape of digital health in South and Southeast Asia for respiratory health and to what extent they are addressing the respiratory health needs of the region. The results will inform recommendations on digital health tools for respiratory health in South and Southeast Asia will help funders and implementers of DHIs leverage existing technologies and accelerate innovations that address documented gaps in the studied countries. DERR1-10.2196/52517.

Assessment of Skills of Health Care Professionals Posted in Labour Room and Maternity OTs Based on OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Using LaQshya Guidelines

Background: Present study attempts to assess the skills of staff including Doctors and nurses posted in labourroom and maternity OTs based on OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) as mentioned in LaQshyaguidelines in selected areas of Indore and Ujjain district (M.P) regarding the management of normal labour, theactive management of third stage of labour, Newborn Resuscitation, management of PPH due to atonic uterus andmanagement of eclampsia. Even in these parameters many sub-parameters were studied.Materials and Methods: Pre designed semi structured Observation checklist for Health care providers regardingskill assessment of the staff based on OSCE guideline was used to assess Health care providers including Doctors,Staff nurses/ANMs, who are providing MCH services in LR (Labour room) and maternity OT of the selectedhospitals of Indore and Ujjain district.Results: Most of the manoeuvres were better performed by staff nurses posted in CHCs rather than those postedin PHCs. Breathing assessment of baby was lacking among staff nurses of both CHCs and PHCs and needed to betackled with by a reorientation training of paramedical staff in critical care. Decision to transfer (is usually afterConsultation with the in charge, hence it is usually the Medical officers prerogative) and bimanual compression/aortic compression/condom tamponade to control bleeding was done exclusively by MOs.Conclusion: OSCE helped to assess the skills of the staff of maternity wing in a comprehensive manner and waswell appreciated by the staff. Such OSCE modules should be developed and regularly used and updated to assessthe clinical skill of the staff in the maternity wing of any health centre or hospital.

Development of a CIF checklist for functional assessment of temporomandibular dysfunction

Resumo Introdução A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) afeta a saúde e qualidade de vida. Embora o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC) avalie a condição, não aborda a incapacidade. Assim, a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade (CIF) se torna essencial para a avaliação da incapacidade, sendo necessária sua brevidade através de checklists específicos para DTM. Objetivo Elaborar um checklist baseado na CIF e avaliar a funcionalidade de indiví-duos com DTM. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo piloto transversal realizado na Universidade de Fortaleza, em 2016, com pacientes de 20 a 50 anos com DTM. O checklist integrou os aspectos clínicos do RDC com as categorias da CIF. Um comitê de juízes, composto por profissionais de odontologia, fisioterapia e fonoaudiologia familiarizados com a CIF, foi selecionado pelo método Delphi. Análises estatísticas incluíram o teste de Mann-Whitney para comparações entre grupos e o de Wilcoxon para comparações intragrupos, adotando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Foram sele-cionados 34 componentes de função, 8 de estrutura do corpo, 36 de atividade e participação e 15 de aspectos ambientais. Após análise especializada, permaneceram 31, 8, 28 e 15 componentes, respectivamente. Participa-ram 19 pacientes, principalmente mulheres (89,5%; n = 17), com prevalência de dor miofascial pelo RDC/TMD. O instrumento revelou deficiências leves a moderadas em funções do corpo e dificuldades em atividades so-ciais e de trabalho. Fatores ambientais no constructo faci-litador incluíram medicamentos e apoio profissional, e a falta de apoio familiar no constructo barreira. Conclusão O checklist baseado na CIF pro-porciona informações detalhadas sobre as funções e estruturas acometidas pela DTM, bem como sobre as atividades e participação interferidas e as barreiras e facilitadores que os pacientes têm sob sua condição.

RECOMMENDATION FOR ITCH ASSESSMENT FROM THE ATOPIC ITCH CONSENSUS MEETING (AICOM)

Itch is the most troublesome symptom of atopic dermatitis, and it is important to assess it appropriately for optimal treatment. We discussed issues regarding itch and the most appropriate methods of assessment at the Atopic Itch Consensus Meeting (AICOM), attended by physicians and researchers with expertise in itch treatment and research. The AICOM participants prepared a draft consensus statement that addressed the most appropriate itch assessment methods for age groups <2 years, 2-6 years, 7-14 years, and ≥15 years. Consensus was defined as agreement by ≥80% of the participants. Votes were cast by 20 participants (8 dermatologists, 7 pediatricians, and 5 researchers), and a consensus on the best current methods of itch assessment was reached with 95% agreement. For infants and preschool children, because subjective evaluation is difficult, a checklist for itch assessment was developed for caregivers. For itch assessment, we recommend subjective evaluation by the patient using a rating scale. For infants and preschoolers, evaluation should be done by the caregiver using a checklist, combined with objective evaluation (of skin lesions, for example) by a physician. We anticipate that more objective itch assessment indices will be established in the future.

Medical education during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: an umbrella review.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected many aspects of lifestyle and medical education during the recent years. We aimed to determine the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on medical education to provide an overview of systematic reviews on it. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and medRxiv, with the following keywords: "SARS-CoV-2," "COVID-19," "Medical Education," "E-learning," "Distance Education," "Online Learning," "Virtual Education," "systematic review," and "meta-analysis," up to 15 April 2023. Studies were included if they were systematic reviews assessing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical sciences students. We used A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) checklist for quality assessment. A total of 28 systematic reviews were included. The eligible reviews included between five and 64 primary studies, ranging from 897 to 139,381 participants. Technology-enhanced learning and simulation-based learning were the most frequently used strategies. Virtual teaching has several drawbacks like technical difficulties, confidentiality problems, lower student involvement, connection problems, and digital fatigue. The overall satisfaction rate for online learning was above 50%. Also, favorable opinions about perception, acceptability, motivation, and engagement were reported. The quality of 27 studies were critically low and one was low. There were reduced clinical exposure and satisfaction for medical students during the pandemic. Further high-quality systematic reviews are required.

Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Road Traffic Accident Victims: A Cross-sectional Study from Gujarat, India

Introduction: Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) can develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) due to emotional trauma, which significantly affects the quality of life. Despite satisfactory psychological recovery for many RTA victims, a notable percentage of survivors continue to live with PTSD without diagnosis or treatment. In India, the rising number of RTAs necessitates research into their psychological impacts to inform healthcare strategies and interventions. Aim: To assess the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among RTA survivors and explore the association between PTSD and sociodemographic and clinical variables. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted and data was collected from selected trauma centres in Gujarat state, India, from April to May 2024. The study involved 380 participants who had experienced RTAs within 30-40 days prior to data collection. Data collection employed an interviewer-administered questionnaire with two sections: a demographic and clinical questionnaire and the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) for PTSD symptom assessment. The PCL-5 is a 20-item tool, with scores ranging from 0 to 80, where a score of ≥33 indicates PTSD symptoms. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and Confidence Intervals (CI) to determine the significance of associations at a p-value&lt;0.05 level. Results: The prevalence of PTSD symptoms among RTA survivors was 46.3%, with a mean±SD PTSD score of 29.41±10.68. The highest rates of PTSD were observed among younger individuals {18-25 years, 55 (52.4%)} and females 43 (47.3%). Education (p-value=0.027) and monthly income (p-value=0.011) were significantly associated with higher PTSD prevalence. Among clinical variables, the type of vehicle involved in the accident was associated with PTSD prevalence (p-value=0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of PTSD symptoms among RTA survivors was 46.3%. Lower education levels, lower income, and involvement in two or three-wheeler accidents were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of PTSD.

Assessment Tools for Detecting Malnutrition among Elderly in Shelter Homes: A Systematic Review

Assessing nutritional status in older people is essential to screen for malnutrition and identify the individuals requiring nutritional intervention for a better quality of life and longer life expectancy. This review aimed to investigate malnutrition and the role of nutritional assessment tools among older people in Malaysia. We systematically reviewed the publications from 2000 to 2019 using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases, recovering 15 original articles published until January 2022. This systematic review was conducted from May to September 2022. Two reviewers were involved in the process of the selection of articles and data extraction. Only research papers on malnutrition among older people in institutionalized settings in Malaysia were included. Four articles related to malnutrition in older people in old folk homes in Malaysia were included in this review. The tools with the most significant evidence were Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Nutritional Health Checklist (NHC) in residential care for the elderly. It was found that the incidence of malnutrition among the elderly in old folk homes in Malaysia ranged from 12.3% to 17.4%. Meanwhile, 40.4% to 57.7% of the population are documented to be at risk of malnutrition. NA and DETERMINE NHC were found to be most suitable for use in residential care due to their high sensitivity and specificity. A subsequent study is proposed to build and implement a scoring system to rate screening tools based on the validity, suitability, and practicability of the tools to help with malnutrition screening research and clinical practice in Malaysia and internationally.

Risk Assessment for Non Communicable Diseases among Adults in a Rural Area of Eastern India: A Single Centre Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) cause significant premature mortality. Prevention of major cardiovascular disease risk factors, like diabetes and hypertension, is a priority for public health. Aim: To estimate the risk assessment of NCD using the Community-Based Assessment Checklist (CBAC) scoring system developed by the Government of India among adults in rural areas. Materials and Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adults attending the hospital at the rural health training centre of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, from March 2023 to August 2023 using consecutive sampling. Face-toface interviews using a structured CBAC questionnaire and socio-demographic variables were used to gather data on age, tobacco consumption, alcohol intake, waist measurement, physical inactivity, and family history. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and interpreted in frequencies, percentages, and the Chi-square test. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall risk of NCD was estimated to be 57.25%. The risk of NCD was significantly associated with age (p-value &lt;0.00001), tobacco consumption (p-value &lt;0.0001), alcohol consumption (p-value &lt;0.0001), waist circumference (p-value &lt;0.0001), physical activity (p-value=0.000018), family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular illness (p-value &lt;0.00001), education (p-value=0.0079), and socioeconomic status (p-value=0.0415). Conclusion: The overall risk of NCD was estimated to be 57.25%. Most of the CBAC variables were found to have a significant association with NCD risk. However, no significant association was found between CBAC variables and gender. CBAC is a simple and economical screening tool employed at the community level so that early intervention strategies can be planned for those at risk of NCDs.

Association between lower limb alignment and low back pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent and costly condition globally, prompting the need to identify risk factors for effective management. Lower extremity misalignment plays a crucial role in the incidence of LBP. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the current evidence on a link between lower limb alignment and LBP, enhancing the understanding of this relationship. We searched four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to September 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies related to LBP and lower limb alignment, with eligible study types including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies, all written in English. Two authors independently screened and assessed the methodological quality of the retrieved papers using the Downs and Black quality assessment checklist. Data of interest including study design, age, sample size, cases, association, and P-value were extracted from the included studies. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with random effects model in RevMan version 5.4. Thirteen articles evaluating lower limb alignment in individuals with LBP were included (102,359 participants in total). The meta-analysis results demonstrated that increased pronation with strong evidence(p = 0.02), increased hip internal rotation with moderate evidence, and increased knee internal rotation with limited evidence are associated with an increased risk of LBP. Overall, while some studies supported a relationship between lower limb alignment and LBP, the heterogeneity of study designs and methodological limitations hindered drawing a definitive conclusion. Future research should emphasize prospective cohort studies, incorporating objective measures of lower extremity alignment and standardized outcome measures.