Assertiveness Training Research Articles

Evaluating the reliability and validity of the Questionnaire on Well-Being: a validation study for a clinically informed measurement of subjective well-being

ABSTRACT Researchers and clinicians are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of assessing positive functioning to inform clinical outcomes. This paper evaluates the Questionnaire on Well-Being (QWB, available for free https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GSC3R), a clinically informed instrument that assesses subjective well-being, across two studies. Study One, consisting of treatment-seeking individuals in an assertiveness training sample (n = 495), explored the factorial structure of the QWB, assessed the four-week test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, and identified a preliminary cutoff point for the QWB with clinical significance. Study Two, including participants from the general public (n = 1561), confirmed the factorial structure of the QWB and further evaluated criterion-related validity. The results provided support for a unidimensional structure for the QWB. Furthermore, the QWB exhibited excellent internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93 and 0.94 in Study One and Two, respectively), high test-retest reliability (ICC3 = .50 at a four-week follow-up in Study One), and appropriate criterion-related validity demonstrating positive correlations with positive affect and negative correlations with psychopathology. Finally, a cutoff point on the QWB below 50 was associated with marked psychopathology. These findings provide preliminary support for the usage of the QWB in clinical and non-clinical settings, establishing the QWB as a reliable indicator of subjective well-being.

Transforming Bullying Prevention Through Assertive Communication Training

General Background: Bullying is a pervasive issue in educational settings, often resulting in physical and psychological harm to victims. It typically arises from a power imbalance, with aggressors seeking personal satisfaction through intimidation. Specific Background: This study addresses the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions aimed at improving assertive communication skills among junior high school students, specifically at SMPN 5 Sidoarjo, to prevent bullying behaviors. Knowledge Gap: While previous research has explored bullying prevention strategies, there is limited empirical evidence demonstrating the impact of assertive communication training in Indonesian junior high schools. Aims: This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured psychoeducational program on students’ understanding and application of assertive communication to mitigate bullying. Results: Utilizing a quantitative experimental design with pre-test and post-test assessments, the study reveals a statistically significant improvement in assertive communication skills, evidenced by a Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p = 0.001) and a large effect size (r = 0.898). Novelty: This study contributes novel insights into the role of assertive communication training as a proactive approach to bullying prevention within the Indonesian educational context. Implications: The findings suggest that psychoeducational programs can effectively enhance students’ assertive communication abilities, highlighting the need for continuous training to deepen understanding and application. Ongoing psychoeducational efforts are recommended to foster a supportive and respectful school environment, ultimately reducing bullying incidents. Highlights: Improvement: Assertive communication significantly increased after psychoeducation. Effectiveness: Psychoeducation is essential for preventing bullying. Recommendation: Ongoing training needed for sustained communication skills. Keywords: Bullying, Assertive Communication, Psychoeducation, Junior High School, Prevention

Model of Life Skills Based Drug Education on Knowledge About Drug Use, Self-Esteem, and Assertiveness Skills Among Indonesian Adolescents at Risk

Introduction: Adolescent drug abuse is a global concern, affecting young people's freedom and development. In Indonesia, illicit drug abuse has increased, causing severe social, political, and economic problems. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used in this study to test the effects of life skills-based drug education on knowledge about drug use, self-esteem, and assertiveness skills. Teen participants were divided into experimental and control groups. Results: Language and Social Education (LSE) significantly influences students’ understanding of drug use and assertiveness training while also somewhat raising their self-esteem. On the other hand, it had no appreciable impact on Indonesia’s at-risk students in Semarang, Central Java Province. The report stressed that the first stages in an LSE program intended to stop teenage drug use are for students to gain knowledge and skills. To attain the best results in drug use prevention, more routes must be created. Conclusions: gaining information and skills improves attitudes and values, which in turn encourages drug use in a good way. Consequently, to support Indonesian students who are at risk of drug use in staying drug-free and developing into healthy, contributing members of society, these programs require further study and improvement.

Behavioral Approach Through Assertive Training in Improving Interpersonal Communication Skills of Students: A Systematic Literature Review

First-year students encounter new and latest things that they might not have gotten before entering college. One of the main concerns is interpersonal communication skills, which are either mandatory or simply necessary for them to know in order to communicate in the campus environment. Interpersonal skills have many benefits, including making them more confident, able to speak in public, accepting of themselves, and able to build healthy relationships with others. Various types of bullying that occur in the environments of students and college students are influenced by many factors, including low self-acceptance. This can make them less accepting of themselves, unable to accept rejection or criticism, and even closed off to others. Therefore, the researcher wanted to find literature sources related to how to improve interpersonal communication skills through assertive training in 2023. The method used was systematic literature review (SLR). The results show that assertive training for students can improve interpersonal communication skills.

Comparison between Measured and Predicted Resting Metabolic Rate Equations in Cross-Training Practitioners.

A cross-sectional and comparative study analyzed 65 volunteers, both sexes, practicing cross-training (CT). Anthropometry and body composition were assessed, and RMR was measured by IC (FitMate PRO®), bioimpedance (BIA-InBody 570®), and six predictive equations. Data normality was tested by the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test and expressed as mean ± standard deviation with 95% confidence intervals (CI), chi-square test was performed to verify ergogenic resources, and a Bland-Altman plot (B&A) was made to quantify the agreement between two quantitative measurements. One-way ANOVA was applied to body composition parameters, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc was used to compare the RMR between groups, and two-way ANCOVA was used to analyze the adjusted RMR for body and skeletal muscle mass. The effect size was determined using Cohen's d considering the values adjusted by ANCOVA. If a statistical difference was found, post hoc Bonferroni was applied. The significance level was p < 0.05 for all tests. The main results indicated that men showed a higher RMR than women, and the most discrepant equations were Cunningham, Tinsley (b), and Johnstone compared to IC. Tinsley's (a) equation indicated greater precision in measuring the RMR in CM overestimated it by only 1.9%, and BIA and the Harris-Benedict in CW overestimated RMR by only 0.1% and 3.4%, respectively. The BIA and Harris-Benedict equation could be used reliably to measure the RMR of females, while Tinsley (a) is the most reliable method to measure the RMR of males when measuring with IC is unavailable. By knowing which RMR equations are closest to the gold standard, these professionals can prescribe a more assertive diet, training, or ergogenic resources. An assertive prescription increases performance and can reduce possible deleterious effects, maximizing physical sports performance.

A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of assertive training on self-esteem and assertiveness among female nursing students studying in selected nursing colleges of district Mohali, Punjab

A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of assertive training on self-esteem and assertiveness among female nursing students studying in selected nursing colleges of district Mohali, Punjab

PENGARUH PELATIHAN ASSERTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT UNTUK KESIAPAN MENGAJAR MAHASISWA KEGURUAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH

The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of Assertive Classroom Management training on teacher readiness among teacher education students at universities in the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Central Kalimantan Province.The research method employed in this study is quantitative, and the type of research used is experimental. Experiments in this study are included in the pre-experiment type with a single-group pretest-posttest experimental design. The research was conducted within five months, from June to October 2019. This research was carried out in all State Religious Higher Education Institutions located in Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan, with a total population of 185 people.Based on the t-test results of both the pretest and posttest data analysis, it is possible to conclude that Assertive Classroom Management training has a substantial effect on prospective teachers' teaching readiness at universities in the Ministry of Religion of Central Kalimantan Province. Students who receive Assertive Classroom Management training have higher readiness after the training than before the training.

Striking the balance: Assertiveness training for constructive workplace conversations in India

ABSTRACT The Assertiveness Training Program seeks to cultivate a balanced and constructive approach to workplace communication, empowering participants with the skills needed to navigate conversations effectively. Recognizing the delicate equilibrium between Assertiveness and empathy, the program emphasizes the importance of expressing one’s thoughts and needs assertively while fostering a collaborative and understanding atmosphere. An assessment is conducted for 50 employees on their Assertiveness Level and Leadership Competencies. The participants were asked to answer a questionnaire (Assertiveness and leadership competencies) before the beginning of the group training. Assertiveness. Tools: Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Through a series of engaging workshops (8 Sessions) for employees with practical exercises, participants strike the right balance between Assertiveness and Active Listening, enabling them to communicate with confidence and receptivity. The program aims to equip individuals with tools to address conflict, provide constructive feedback, and build stronger professional relationships. By mastering the art of striking this balance, participants contribute to a workplace culture where open and respectful dialogue thrives, creating an environment conducive to innovation, teamwork, and overall organizational success.

Assertive Ability Based on Gender Differences Students of Tahfidz Quran Middle School Pontianak, West Kalimantan

Islamic-based secondary schools, with a boarding school education concept, aim to train children to deepen their knowledge of religion. In reality, boarding schools are the trigger for widespread cases of bullying. Busy activities at school and continued rote activities in the dormitory create boredom and pressure for students. This becomes a stimulus for emotional explosions for students and female students. This research aims to describe the findings of the assertive level abilities of santriwan and santriwati based on gender differences, because life in the dormitory is led by ustad and ustadzah with different characters. Apart from that, it describes an understanding of the form of an assertive attitude and reflects the feelings of santri and female students in being assertive. The mix method research method includes qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative descriptive data analysis activities include collecting data in in-depth interviews, observation and assertive scales, reflecting on experiences and at the same time training students. The research subjects were 80 people consisting of 2 classes, namely class VII and VIII with a gender division of 37 santri and 43 santriwati. The researcher carried out data triangulation, both time, place and data until the data was saturated to process the interview data. Research findings show that students are more able to be assertive by avoiding situations they don't like, refusing with the word "don't want to", because they are afraid of the rules and being angry with the ustad. female students have a weak assertive ability to refuse, because they are embarrassed and feel loyal to their friendship group, but some of the female students are very firm in refusing and reporting threatening and unpleasant situations to the ustadzah. In conclusion, a form of assertive training is needed for self-strength and self-confidence for students and female students to avoid bullying.

Effectiveness Of Psychoeducation And Assertive Training (PEAT) Combined For Improving Medication Adherence In Patients With Schizophrenia

Background: Non-adherence behaviors have a variety of causes, from suffering negative drug side effects to having scepticism regarding the effectiveness of recommended treatments. Recognising these complex relationships is essential to creating strategies that effectively manage the psychosocial as well as medical components of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to investigate how a combination of psychoeducation and assertive training can improve medication adherence in people with schizophrenia. Methods: A pretest-posttest quasi-experiment design was employed in this study as part of a quantitative research technique. Demographics and the Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire were used in conjunction with observation to collect data. Based on room-based simple random sampling, 80 patients with schizophrenia who met the inclusion criteria were split into two groups. Of these, 38 patients in the intervention group and 36 responders in the control group finished the study. This study made use of the five-stage Psychoeducation and Assertive Training (PEAT) module. Results: A combination of psychoeducation and assertiveness training (PEAT) was found to have an effect on medication adherence in this study. Following PEAT, patients with schizophrenia had a mean medication adherence of 5.92±1.29. The statistical test findings showed that the mean medication adherence of schizophrenic patients receiving PEAT differed significantly (p value &lt;0x7E&gt;0.001) from those who did not. Conclusion: Studies show that putting more of an emphasis on PEAT can help hospitals treat patients with schizophrenia more consistently by helping them take their medications as prescribed. Additionally, patients with schizophrenia should have a treatment plan that includes PEAT.

The Effect of Individual Counseling on Assertive Training Techniques on Assertive Behavior Facing Student Bullying

This research aims to determine the effect of individual counseling on assertive training techniques on assertive behavior in dealing with student bullying. The research method used in this research is a quantitative method quest eksperimen . The subjects of this research were 4 students in class X-10 who had high assertive behavior scores in the face of bullying. The instrument used is to measure the scale of assertive behavior in dealing with bullying, which consists of 45 valid and reliable question items. Instruments were given before and after the implementation of individual counseling services. The data analysis technique used in this research is the Wilcoxon analysis technique with α = 0.05. The results of this research show that before (pre-test) individual counseling was carried out, the assertive training technique was 110.5 and after individual counseling was carried out, the assertive training technique was 69.5. Based on the Wilcoxon test results, we get 𝐽ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛g &gt; 𝐽𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 where 5 &gt; 0. So it can be said There is "the influence of individual counseling on assertive training techniques on assertive behavior in dealing with bullying in Class X Science at SMAN 12 Medan". This hypothesis can be accepted.

The linear and curvilinear relationships between assertiveness and mental health: a cross-cultural perspective

ABSTRACT Eurocentric research suggests that higher assertiveness is associated with better mental health. However, it remains unclear whether this linear relationship applies to collectivistic cultures. This cross-cultural study examined the linear and curvilinear relationship between assertiveness and mental health among 410 Chinese and 360 US adults. We examined linear, quadratic, and cubic relationships through hierarchical regression analyses. In the Chinese group, results indicated a significant cubic relationship between assertiveness and both depression (R 2 = 8.82%, p < .001) and aggression (R 2 = 2.46%, p < .001), showing that an optimal assertiveness level was associated with lower depression and aggression. In the US group, higher assertiveness was associated with lower depression (R 2 = 4.24%, p < .001), but not aggression. This study highlights cultural variations in assertiveness-mental health relationships. Mental health professionals should consider cultural norms while providing assertiveness training to diverse individuals.

Pelatihan Komunikasi Asertif dengan Teknik Psychoeducational Intervention untuk Mencegah Cyberbullying

The training held in the Stimulus Community Partnership Program Community Service (PKMS) is aimed at employees in the UMPR environment. Implementation of assertive communication training using psychoeducational intervention techniques to prevent cyberbullying at SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya as a solution to problems faced by students who are in the adolescent phase and tend to be involved in cyberbullying either as perpetrators or victims. Cases of cyberbullying in the school environment do not only involve students as bullies and victims. Incidents of cyberbullying are increasing internationally and are considered a problem both inside and outside of school. Cyberbullying has received attention because it affects many individuals of various ages in a variety of settings, especially adolescents. The training activities were implemented for one day on August 15, 2022. The training participants totaled 150 students. Based on the results of the analysis of the success of the training, 91% of students experienced increased knowledge about cyberbullying and had assertive communication skills.

“Impact of Assertiveness Training on Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents”

“Impact of Assertiveness Training on Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents”

Gender Based Level of Self-Esteem among Adolescents

Background: Teens undergo major changes in their lives and their self-esteem can often become fragile. Teenagers' self-esteem is often affected by the physical and hormonal changes they experience, especially during puberty. The study aimed to assess the level of selfesteemand identify gender based differences among adolescents. Materials and Methods: The descriptive study design was adopted. Through a nonrandomized convenient sampling technique, one hundred twenty students in the age group of 15-18 years were enrolled. The data were collected through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale through the interview method. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Out of 120 adolescents, 32% had low self-esteem and 14% had high self-esteem. Overall, the level of self-esteem was low among males (63%) as compared to female (37%) adolescents. The chi-square value depicts that age, sex, education, and residence had a significant association with low and high self-esteem. Conclusion: Adolescents with low self-esteem, irrespective of gender face lot of difficultyin managing obstacles and preventing issues. Thus, there is an urgent need for a holistic approach and assertiveness training is required to strengthen emotional and psycho-social development and aid in achieving whole adolescent health.

Subsistence and Survival: Strategies Women in the Republic of Barbados Engaged in Transactional Sex Work Employ to Stay Safe

ABSTRACT Women engaged in sex work (WESW) are at increased risk for exposure to work setting violence. This phenomenological study examines the experience of work setting violence and strategies utilized to maintain safety for WESW in Republic of Barbados in the Caribbean. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 cis-gender WESW in Barbados. This study found participants experienced work-related violence that includes physical assault, rape, robbery, kidnapping, and attempted murder. Participants were actively engaged in strategies for maintaining safety that were central to their business practices. Moreover, local HIV prevention intervention efforts including condom assertiveness training, free condom distribution, and rapid, accessible STI testing further enabled participants to assert and enforce safe business practices. Unfortunately, poor economic conditions at the time of the study, which reduced the market of available customers who were willing to pay full price while increasing the number of WESW, diminished the participants’ power to insist on safe business practices. This has implications for interventions to prevent and counteract gender-based violence, as well as gender-based social and economic development efforts.

EXPLORING THE PSYCHO-SOCIAL DYNAMICS: EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF ASSERTIVENESS TECHNIQUE ON LOW ACADEMIC SELF-CONCEPT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study explored the psycho-social dynamics by examining the effect of assertiveness technique on low academic self-concept among secondary school students in the Onitsha education zone. Two research questions guided the study, and two null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The study design was quasi-experimental, non-randomised pre-test and post-test, control group research. The population of the study was composed of 988 senior secondary school students in the Onitsha education zone, and a sample of 70 students was selected through purposive sampling. The data was collected using the Academic Self-Concept Survey (ASS) questionnaire, and the internal consistency reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.84. The questionnaires were administered through direct delivery. Mean scores were used to answer the research questions, and the null hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA). The instrument norm of 72.50 was used to make decisions when answering the research questions. The findings of the study showed that assertiveness training was effective in improving the low academic self-concepts of secondary school students. Furthermore, it was revealed that the assertiveness training technique was more effective in improving the academic self-concepts of female secondary school students. Based on the findings and implications of the study, it was suggested that counsellors and therapists should use modelling and assertiveness training techniques in counselling sessions to enhance the academic self-concepts of secondary school students. KEYWORDS: Psycho-social dynamics, assertiveness, technique, academic self-concept

Optimizing smartphone psychotherapy for depressive symptoms in patients with cancer: Multiphase optimization strategy using a decentralized multicenter randomized clinical trial (J-SUPPORT 2001 Study).

Patients with cancer experience various forms of psychological distress, including depressive symptoms, which can impact quality of life, elevate morbidity risk, and increase medical costs. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are effective for reducing depressive symptoms among patients with cancer, but most patients prefer psychotherapy. This study aimed to develop an efficient and effective smartphone psychotherapy component to address depressive symptom. This was a decentralized, parallel-group, multicenter, open, individually randomized, fully factorial trial. Patients aged ≥20 years with cancer were randomized by the presence/absence of three cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) skills (behavioral activation [BA], assertiveness training [AT], and problem-solving [PS]) on a smartphone app. All participants received psychoeducation (PE). The primary outcome was change in the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) total score between baseline and week 8. Secondary outcomes included anxiety. In total, 359 participants were randomized. Primary outcome data at week 8 were obtained for 355 participants (99%). The week 8 PHQ-9 total score was significantly reduced from baseline for all participants by -1.41 points (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.89, -0.92), but between-group differences in change scores were not significant (BA: -0.04, 95% CI -0.75, 0.67; AT: -0.16, 95% CI -0.87, 0.55; PS: -0.19, 95% CI -0.90, 0.52). As the presence of any of the three intervention components did not contribute to a significant additive reduction of depressive symptoms, we cannot make evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of specific smartphone psychotherapy.

Sexual Health Needs Among Men Who Engage in Transactional Sex with Men in the UK.

Men who engage in transactional sex with men (MTSM) are a high-risk population for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Epidemiological data have so far included them in the broad category of men who have sex with men (MSM), while research on transactional sex typically focused on female sex workers. The internet has substantially changed sex work practices and earlier findings concerning the sexual health needs of MTSM may no longer be applicable. We analyzed quantitative data from MSM based in the UK (n = 11629) taking part in the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS-2017). Compared to non-MTSM, MTSM (n = 230; 2%) were younger, more likely to self-identify as an ethnic minority, be single, have lower education levels, struggle financially, and-controlling for age-more likely to be living with diagnosed HIV. Commonly unmet needs among all MSM were a lack of confidence in accessing HIV post-exposure prophylaxis, uncertainty about HIV status, and ignorance of where to access hepatitis vaccinations. Compared with other MSM, MTSM were notably less satisfied with the safety of their sexual practices, less confident in their ability to maintain sexual boundaries, and more likely to engage in risk because of absent precautionary resources. Given their greater opportunity for sexual risk, as well as fewer resources for negotiating safety, our findings suggest that services should prioritize MTSM in HIV prevention and sexual health promotion, including assertiveness and social skills training, in addition to knowledge-based education.

Efektivitas Konseling Cognitive Behavior Teknik Latihan Asertif Untuk Mereduksi Perilaku Merokok Pada Siswa SMA

&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-AU"&gt;This study aims to determine the application of cognitive behavior counseling techniques of assertive training to reduce smoking behavior in high school students. The method used in this study is experimental. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. Data collection collected a smoking behavior questionnaire. The data analysis technique used parametric statistical analysis, namely by using the Paired-Sample T-Test with the help of the SPSS For Windows version 25.00 program. This research method aims to determine the effect of cognitive behavior counseling on assertive training techniques to reduce smoking behavior in high school students. The design of this study was the Pretest-Postest Control Group Design which was carried out on students in the control class and the experimental class. This research focuses on the changes produced by cognitive behavior counseling, assertive practice techniques to reduce smoking behavior in high school students with the data collection technique used, namely a questionnaire. Based on the significance test, it was found that the significance value was 0.000 where 0.000 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-AU"&gt;˂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-AU"&gt; 0.05, where the Application of Cognitive Behavior Counseling Assertive Training Techniques&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="IN"&gt; is Effective&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-AU"&gt; for Reduce Smoking Behavior in High School Students.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;