Assertive Act Research Articles

Pragmatics Analysis on Illocutionary Acts in Black Adam Movie

This research aims to analyze and describe the types of illocutionary act and the most dominant. The method used in this research is qualitative and descriptive method. The data used were taken from Black Adam movie released in 2022. This is a research about pragmatics study. The theoretical basis used in identifying types of illocutionary act is Searle in Hariati (2020). The result of this study show that there are five types of illocutionary act, they are assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. The result showed that out of 115 data that have been analyzed, the illocutionary acts types were obtained namely 41 data assertive act or 35%, 33 data directive act or 29%, 17 data commissive act or 15%, 16 data expressive act or 14%, and 8 data declarative act or 7%. The most illocutionary act that occur is assertive act.

Defying Disease, Deifying Disease

Abstract With the advent of biomedicine in India, vaccination has been studied in tandem with the colonial commitment to exercise control over imperial subjects. The history of smallpox vaccination in India is entangled with the Goddess Śītalā – “controller” of epidemics. Despite the eradication of the epidemic, faith in the goddess reigns among her devotees. This ethnographic study suggests that Śītalā devotees are informed by a plurality of understandings of body, disease, and prophylaxis in the Covidian age; I argue that Śītalā practices and the irreducible faith in the goddess aid in sustaining trust in biomedical interventions like vaccines among her devotees. Based on fieldwork conducted in West Bengal, I further argue that Śītalā’s place as a “lesser” or “lower-caste” deity worshipped mostly by marginalized sections of society makes their active demand for vaccination an act of assertion.

ASSERTIVE ACT IN JOE BIDEN’S FIRST INTERVIEW AS PRESIDENT ON THE 60 MINUTES YOUTUBE CHANNEL

This research examines the assertive acts employed by Joe Biden during his first interview as President on the 60 Minutes YouTube Channel. Using Searle & Vanderveken’s theory of speech acts, the study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection involved watching videos, reading the transcript, and note-taking. The analysis identified 20 utterances which are categorized into eight types of assertive acts: admit, assure, claim, criticize, inform, rebut, report, and predict. The most frequently used of assertive act was “inform”, with 7 utterances, followed by "assure" with 3 utterances. Other acts such as “report”, “predict”, “claim”, and “admit” each appeared twice, while “criticize” and "rebut" were used once each. The study found that all assertive acts, except "criticize," were conveyed directly and literally. In conclusion, Joe Biden conveyed assertive acts by utilizing direct speech and literal meanings to effectively convey his message, particularly in assuring the public of his plans to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

دراسة لغوية تداولية للتوكيد في نصوص سياسية انكليزية مختارة

The current study is an attempt to explore the communicative functions of the language in the speeches of the presidents investigating the employment of illocutionary acts in two remarkable speeches of Joe Biden and Boris Johnson which belong to two different districts. The study aims at: analyzing the types of speech acts performed and examine each speech act according to the contextual criteria, highlighting the diverse types of forces within each speech act, stating the illocutionary act of assertion, and unfolding the similarities and differences in the way Biden and Johnson employ speech act theory to achieve their communicative goals. The data selected have been analyzed according to Searle`s model of speech acts Searle, (1969), (1979) and Vander vaken (1985). And employment of Searle felicity conditions in analyzing the speeches of Biden and Johnson. There are some differences in number and types of illocutionary acts of assertion used by Biden and Johnson for instance, the most frequent illocutionary act in both speeches is illocutionary act of Asserting There are some linguistic markers that are used by the politician in their speeches to show assertion The President Biden uses illocutionary acts of assertion more than the PM Johnson. The total frequency of illocutionary act in Biden's speech is 12 whereas in Johnson's speech is only 8 illocutionary acts. The most illocutionary act of assertion in Biden's speech is illocutionary act of Asserting with 25 % as shown in table 1, whereas in Johnson's speech is the illocutionary act of Asserting and Predicting with 25% as shown in table 2.

ANALYSIS ASSERTIVE SPEECH ACT IN "PURPLE HEARTS" MOVIE BY TESS WAKEFIELD

Speech acts are what humans perform by speaking, according to linguistics. Speech acts can be seen in the movie as well as in daily life. This research focuses on the speech and the objectives of this research are to define the various speech actions especially assertive acts, and examine the most common ones used by the central character. Additionally, the texts in the form of movie scripts serve as the study's objects. The theory that is used in this research is Searle (1979) of speech acts. In this research, qualitative method was used to analyze the data. To determine which types in assertive act are most frequently used, and there were 15 utterances need to be examined in total. The findings of this research indicate that types use State, suggest, complain, claim, and report in assertive act. In conclusion, following the completion of the research, it contains suggestions to those who will utilize the similar research, especially pragmatics and the usage of the term assertive acts for communication in society or English community is needed.

Illocutionary Acts in Spider-Man: No Way Home

Illocutionary act refers to an act of doing something. This study was focused on the types of illocutionary act that found in the movie entitled Spider-Man: No Way Home. This study applied descriptive qualitative method in conducting the research. The library research was also used to collect the research data. In analyzing the data, the theory that proposed by Searle (1976) was applied in identifying the types of illocutionary act in the movie. Based on the results of this study, there were 100 data of illocutionary act that can be divided into 34 (34%) data of assertive act, 18 (18%) data of directive act, 24 (24%) data of commissive act, 22 (22%) data of expressive act, and 2 (2%) data of declarative act. The most dominant illocutionary act that occurred in this movie was assertive act.

On proper presupposition

AbstractThis paper investigates the norm of presupposition, as one pervasive type of indirect speech act. It argues against the view that sees presuppositions as an indirect counterpart of the direct speech act of assertion and proposes instead that they are much more similar to the direct speech act of assumption. More concretely, it suggests that the norm that governs presuppositions is not an epistemic or doxastic attitude such as knowledge, justified belief, or mere belief; it's a practical attitude, most plausibly the attitude of rational acceptance. This view has important ramifications well beyond debates in philosophy of language and linguistics. It affects not only our view of which speech act sequences are fine and which are off; it bears on whether presuppositions can function as testimony, whether they can be lies, and whether they are ontologically committal, thus addressing central topics in epistemology, ethics, and metaphysics.

Sharing Knowledge: A Functionalist Account of Assertion

<i>Sharing Knowledge: A Functionalist Account of Assertion</i>

Wittgensteinian blasphemy: what it's like to be a heretic

AbstractIn this article, I explore a Wittgensteinian approach to blasphemy. While philosophy of religion tends to have very little to say about blasphemy, we can note two key, typically unchallenged, assumptions about it. First, there is the Assertion from Anywhere Assumption: whether one can successfully blaspheme is entirely independent of one's religious views, commitments, or way of life. Second, there is the Act of Communication Assumption: blasphemy is essentially an act of assertion. I contend that a Wittgensteinian approach rejects both assumptions and, thus, reorients our conception of blasphemy. Take two characteristically Wittgensteinian claims. First, religious statements/beliefs have a different ‘grammar’ than empirical propositions. Second (and relatedly), holding religious beliefs necessarily connects with how one lives. Wittgensteinian blasphemy rejects the Assertion from Anywhere Assumption: to blaspheme, one must be in or have been in the religious framework one blasphemes. Being entirely outside of that context divests one's blasphemy from its proper content. Second, Wittgensteinian blasphemy rejects the Act of Communication Assumption: if religious belief is centrally a form of life, then blasphemy must be lived out as well. Wittgensteinian blasphemy is less about the utterances one makes and more about how one's life intersects (or fails to intersect) with religiosity.

The Epistemic Responsibilities of Voters: Towards an Assertion-Based Account

Abstract It is often claimed that democratic voters have epistemic responsibilities. However, it is not often specified why voters have such epistemic responsibilities. In this paper, I contend that voters have epistemic responsibilities because voting is best understood as an act that bears assertoric force. More precisely, voters perform what I call an act of political advocacy whereby, like an asserter who states or affirms that something is the case, they state or affirm that a certain course of political action is the one that should be followed or enacted. Consequently, the performance of acts of political advocacy such as voting should be understood as bounded by epistemic norms mirroring those binding the act of assertion and yield epistemic responsibilities mirroring the ones required to satisfy these norms.

An Immigrant as a Blogger in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah

Abstract: The preliminary part of this article outlines the changes that immigrants face in today's era of global mobility and how these changes correlate with the aesthetics of migratory fiction. Then I discuss the identity of a Nigerian immigrant, Ifemelu, in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and the reasons that led to her dissatisfaction with identitarian politics in the United States and prompted her to start a blog about racism. The article concentrates on the monetization of race through Ifemelu's blog posts and the movement from politicizing race to its capitalization. I assess the grounds for her shift from political blogging in the United States to writing a historical and cultural blog after returning to Nigeria. Her blogging in America became a way of capitalizing on race while in Nigeria, suggesting that cultural and historical blogging is a way to build a new, collective, decolonized identity. Decolonization as an act of refusal must be turned into the act of assertion, an act of refoundation.

Meaning and responsibility

In performing an act of assertion we are sometimes responsible for more than the content of the literal meaning of the words we have used, sometimes less. A recently popular research program seeks to explain certain of the commitments we make in speech in terms of responsiveness to the conversational subject matter. We raise some issues for this view with the aim of providing a more general account of linguistic commitment: one that is grounded in a more general action‐theoretic notion of responsibility.

ASSERTIVES UTTERANCES IN SHORT INTERVIEW OF TOO COOL FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL’S YOUTUBE CHANNEL

This study discusses the use of assertive acts uttered by the students in Short Interview of Too Cool for Mile School’s YouTube Channel. It explores how the acts of assertives are communicated by students during the interview. The subject of this study was students of Too Cool for Middle School’s YouTube Channel. The objective study are: 1) to find the types of assertive acts uttered by the students, 2) the meaning of use the assertives acts, and 3) the reason of the use of the assertives acts. This study uses descriptive qualitative. The data obtained from YouTube interview by a teacher on Too Cool for Mile School’s YouTube Channel. The students were given five questions in the about study at home to find the type of assertive acts and the meaning of the use of assertives acts. The data were analyzed using data analysis from short interview transcript to find out the result. The result of the study showed that: This kind of assertive speech act presented utterances about The results of this study show that there are eight types of assertives acts uttered by the students in the short interview namely asserting (18), informing (8), reporting (4), stating (3), arguing (2), claiming (2), assuring (1), denying (1). Second, the speakers' reasons in uttering assertive utterances. The reason of the students in producing assertive act is because the students have their own thoughts which are conveyed through assertive utterances.

Politeness principle of assertive act in debate between Donald Trump and Joe Biden

In presidential elections, debates are often held between presidential candidates to find out the arguments, vision and mission, as well as policies that will be carried out by presidential candidates in their country. In expressing statements in their debates, speakers often do not realize the important aspects of language that affect the image of presidential candidates in public, namely the aspect of politeness. In language, the politeness aspect is studied in pragmatic studies which study the speaker's speech intention which depends on the context. This research used descriptive qualitative method which emphasizes the description of the data. In this study, each data was analyzed by the politeness maxims contained in the speech, as well as the assertive function contained in the politeness speech. There are five politeness maxims and there are speeches that violate the politeness maxims contained in the speeches of presidential candidate debates, and there are five speech functions of speeches that contain politeness and violate politeness maxims. Each politeness utterances and violates politeness has a different assertive function. Keywords: Politeness Principle, Assertive Act, Politeness Maxim, Presidential Debate

Inference Claims as Assertions

When a speaker states an argument in arguing—in its core sense—for the conclusion, the speaker asserts, as opposed to merely implies or implicates, the associated inference claim to the effect that the conclusion follows from the premises. In defense of this, I argue that how an inference claim is conveyed when stating an argument is constrained by constitutive and normative conditions for core cases of the speech of arguing for a conclusion. The speech act of assertion better reflects such conditions than does implication, conversational implicature, or conventional implicature.&#x0D;

Post-truth assertion and assertoric competence

This contribution looks into the illocutionary act of assertion which takes part in weaving contemporary digital-age narratives through the lens of Frankfurt's notion of bullshit from two perspectives, the speaker's and the hearer's, as they evaluate assertoric competence for different public asserters. It focuses on the action component of asserting, which is an act of engaging the speaker's responsibility, and attempts to problematize bullshit assertions through the notion of fact-checking. The discussion is conducted using examples of bullshit assertions performed in strategic interaction contexts – contexts in which speakers pursue a strategic goal and attempt to anticipate the acts of their interlocutors, as speakers and hearers work to project a particular social image of themselves.

Pelaporan Isu Kelapa Sawit dalam Tajuk Akhbar dalam Talian: Analisis Pragmatik

The Reporting on Palm Oil Issues in Online Newspaper Headlines: A Pragmatic Analysis ABSTRACT Over a decade, the production of palm oil by Malaysia faces challenges from the European Union countries. They accused that the production of palm oil has caused a hazard to the environment, the extinction of orang utan and exploitation of labourers. In return, Malaysian newspapers have written many articles in clearing the accusations. This study aims to analyze the headlines on palm oil used in online Malay newspapers from the perspective of pragmatics. The pragmatic analyses focus on the speech act used in the headlines. The news on palm oil reported in online newspapers is selected from the year 2017 to 2020. Data are obtained from three online newspapers namely Malaysiakini (malaysiakini.com), Berita Harian (bharian.com.my) and Harian Metro (hmetro.com.my). A total of 70 data on palm oil issues are gathered randomly and has been analyzed using Searle Speech Act Taxonomy (1979). The finding shows that the reporters used four types of speech acts that are assertive, directive, commissive and expressive as a tool in achieving the intended meaning and as a source in conveying messages to the audience pertaining to the palm oil issues in Malaysia. It is apparent that from the four types mentioned above, the assertive act is most frequently used in the headlines. It fits the purpose of the assertiveness feature in reporting news or disseminating information on palm oil to the readers. Keywords: Pragmatics, headlines, palm oil, online newspapers, performative.

Realization of Assertive Acts by Nemo in Finding Nemo the Movie

This article is focused on the function of assertive act and the delivery strategies used by Nemo in Finding Nemo the movie. The data was collected by using documentation method and note taking technique. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method and was presented using informal method. The theories applied in this article were a theory of illocutionary act proposed by Searle (1976) to classify the functions of assertive act and a theory of delivery strategies proposed by Parker (1986). The result of the analysis showed that there were six functions of assertive act found in Finding Nemo the movie, those are affirming, predicting, claiming, agreeing, informing, and denying. However, there are only three strategies used by Nemo to deliver the messages of his utterances.

Lao People's Democratic Republic's Dependency on China's Infrastructure Assistance

Despite an acrimonious history, being involved in the second and third Indochina War, in the past few years, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) seems to have deepened its relations with China. The improvement of friendly bilateral ties between Beijing and Vientiane can be observed by the evidence of China as the largest foreign investor in the country. On one hand, Lao PDR’s struggle to improve its economic its landlocked geography and the need for infrastructure assistance naturally makes the country lean more towards China. On the other hand, Beijing needs Lao PDR’s geographical advantages to complete the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project. The objective of this paper is to analyze the evolving relationship between China and Lao PDR within the context of the BRI. This paper concludes that both parties have developed a complex interdependent relationship with China attempting to establish a solid geo-economics system while trying to assert its position in a structural power system. The act of assertion is supported by its foreign policy that is predicted to be utilized to cajole Southeast Asia countries to be part of a community of common destiny under the leadership of Beijing.

Palestine Is Not a Drawing Board: Defacing the Street Art on the Israeli Separation Wall

Unraveling the entanglements of fetish and secrecy bound up in the graffiti on the Palestinian face of the Israeli Separation Wall, this article analyzes the proliferation of defacements of the Australian street artist LushSux’s meme-graffiti on that wall in Bethlehem. In visually tracing and analyzing these successive moments of defacement, this article ethnographically captures a popular performance of collective Palestinian sovereignty within the borderlands of the Israeli Separation Wall. Celebrating defacement’s generative power to create a new face, this article demonstrates how defacement was an assertive act of unmasking the raw power of Israel’s colonial project.