Assembly Elections Research Articles

Role of religious minorities’ deputies in the Iranian National Consultative Assembly towards the most prominent economic and social issues 1906-1915

The study of the roles of minority deputies in the Iranian National Consultative Assembly is an important study, especially since the previous scientific studies related to this topic were not mentioned by Iraqi academic researchers except in a limited way. Therefore, we resorted to choosing this topic to rely on the lectures of the Iranian National Consultative Assembly and its laws during the period (1906-1915), and the reason for choosing the study period since 1906, which is the year that witnessed the writing of the first constitution for Iran after the constitutional revolution; It was followed by the enactment of the Iranian National Consultative Assembly elections law and as a result of which the first legislative session of the council was held in 1906. The determination of 1915 came as a result of the suspension of the council's work in its third legislative session following the events of World War I and the entry of Allied forces into Iranian territory; Which led to the disruption of the council.

Slovenia: Political Developments and Data in 2022

AbstractIn 2022, voters in Slovenia were invited several times to the polling stations, starting with the National Assembly elections in spring, followed by presidential and local elections. In addition, three nationwide referenda were held in November. The National Assembly elections saw the victory of a newly established party and the appointment of yet another political newcomer to the position of Prime Minister. Only five parties managed to pass the parliamentary threshold, the smallest number since the country's democratic transition. The centre‐left coalition government was formed by three parties. Many reforms were promised to be prepared by the new government, including a revitalisation of democracy after several years of democratic backsliding, along with a promise that those in public office will behave differently. The new government formed in June enjoyed high public support in 2022, and by the end of the year, 45 per cent of voters assessed its work as (very) positive.

Impact of National Election-2017/18 on Corporate Performance: An Analysis of Insurance Companies in Nepal

This paper analyzes the impact of the national election on corporate performance by using panel data from listed insurance companies over the period 2015 to 2021 with 126 observations. The proxy variables of corporate performance have used market price per share (MPS), dividend payout ratio (DPS), and return on assets (ROA) for market performance, investor’s performance, and firm’s performance respectively. This study uses the generalized least squared (GLS) method for the final impact assessment. Empirical analysis shows that the beta coefficient of D-election is significantly negative with all performance proxy variables in random effect estimates. This indicates that there is a random effect of the national election on corporate performance and provides a negative impact on corporate performance after the national election-2017-18. Similarly, analysis of fixed effects also support a similar impact except for the DPS because DPS is not significant. For the robust test, this paper has performed the Breusch-Pagan test and Hausman test which supports consistency of the analysis. Overall analysis suggests that the four levels of elections: local level, provincial level, federal level, and national assembly election do affect adversely the corporate performance of insurance industries in Nepal.

Social Media As A Tool For Political Messaging: Assessing Rahul Gandhi's Communication Strategy In The 2023 Karnataka Assembly Election

The Karnataka assembly election of 2023 marked a watershed moment in the convergence of media and politics, as the profound influence of various digital platforms has transcended traditional boundaries, reshaped public opinion, and redefined the contours of political discourse. The symbiotic dance between political parties and social media platforms in the electoral landscape showcased a profound testament to the immense impact that the media, particularly social media, exerts on the democratic landscape, paving the way for a new era of political campaigns defined by innovation, connectivity, and the relentless pursuit of the hearts and minds of the electorate. This paper delves into a comprehensive study of the impactful election campaigning speeches delivered by Rahul Gandhi, a prominent figure in Indian politics, during the highly significant 2023 election campaign. Using a combination of primary and secondary data, this study meticulously handpicked three captivating YouTube speeches directly from the official channel of the 'Indian National Congress. Through an examination of these speeches, this paper unveils the nuances of his communication style, elucidating the impact he aimed to create during this crucial electoral event. This research sheds light on the dynamics of political communication and showcases the potential of YouTube as a powerful platform for political campaigning.

Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and The Conduct of 2023 Presidential and National Assembly Elections in Nigeria: A Paradigm Shift

It is an established fact that Nigeria’s electoral process has always been marred with irregularities over the years. The 2023 Presidential and National Assembly elections are a paradigm shift in the history of electioneering in the country. Though some challenges were encountered in the conduct of the elections, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) was given a pass mark by many local and international observers and thus made the general election a watershed. This makes it imperative in this paper to examine the conduct of the 2023 Presidential and National Assembly elections in Nigeria. The paper infers that if the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) can continue to discharge its functions out of political influence and move away from the status quo where a political party dominates the constitution of drivers of INEC, there is every tendency that there will be continuous better conduct of election in the future. The paper taps various means of getting relevant materials to put this study together for onward academic utilisation and to reshape the conduct of Nigeria’s subsequent general elections like the maintenance of established punishment for electoral offenders, strengthened voter education, and establishment of training institutes for prospective politicians.

Analysis and mining of an election-based network using large-scale twitter data: a retrospective study.

The user-generated Twitter data are a rich source of study and research that reflects the various social, economic, political, and other issues affecting people across the world. Analysis of the social interactions among users, who express themselves online, reveals different internal dynamics and provides detailed insights into real-world phenomena. In this paper, the structure and dynamics of the state assembly election-based tweet-reply network have been studied, as generated by Twitter users across the country of India for a period of 6-weeks. We study the flow of Twitter activity pertaining to the West Bengal assembly elections, along with the identification of the hashtags used by the three main political contenders. This information is used to identify the cluster-level dominance in the Twitter network over the 6-weeks of study. It is observed that this cluster dominance information is representative of the actual outcome of the elections, and can be effectively used as a forecasting tool. The collected tweets are used for lexicon-based emotion detection and further analysis. This highlights the reaction of the social media users in response to the events related to the election. It is observed that fear is the dominant emotion, while happiness is scarce in the opinions expressed during the studied duration. Next, the study and analysis of the complete reply-based social networks during weeks 1, 4, and 6 are undertaken. Important political and media actors are identified with standard network-level measures toward determining the efforts put in by the different clusters and individual actors involved in the election to control the network dominance.

Dr. Dukhan Ram: For the greater good.

Dr. Dukhan Ram was born on July 15, 1899, in Sasaram, Bihar. He was born into a Vaisya family with poor financial means, it was needless to say that his childhood was riddled with hardships, losing his father at a tender age of four. As a young boy herding cattle, he would listen attentively to the village teacher teaching the students, from afar.[1] Once the teacher discovered him reciting everything that he had taught the students a day ago. Surprised and sensing a hidden potential, the teacher kindly allowed him to sit for the classes.[1] He admired and was possibly inspired by the village doctor, Dr. Jaffer Hasan, who would go on visits in a palanquin and was revered by all the villagers.[1] Dr. Ram started doing part-time jobs as a tutor and selling ready-made garments to supplement his income and continue his studies.[1] A sincere and hardworking student from the beginning, he received several scholarships, which helped him to fulfill his academic desires. He joined Calcutta Medical College and simultaneously enrolled in BSc classes in the evening. He graduated in both medicine (1926) and a Bachelor of Science (1925). After an internship at Patna Medical College, Bihar, he was selected by the Government of Bihar to go to England for specialization in ENT and Ophthalmology.[2] He completed his DLO and DOMS Ophthalmology from the coveted Royal College of Surgeons of London. On his return to India in 1934, he joined Patna Medical College as faculty in the Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology. The Patna Medical College was founded in 1925 and was the sixth-oldest medical college in India.[3] He became a professor in 1944 and built a robust department, initializing DO, DLO, MS (Eye), and MS (ENT) courses. In 1959, he was appointed the Principal of the institution. Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, the then health minister of India, nominated him as a member of the Governing Body of AIIMS, New Delhi, a role which he served until the Institute was fully established.[1] He was also the Vice Chancellor of Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University and supported the establishment of the Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, and medical colleges in Muzaffarpur and Bhagalpur. In 1945, the British Government bestowed on him the title of Rai Sahib. He was an active member of Pradhan of Arya Samaj, founded by Dayanand Saraswati, and was the President of the Bihar chapter of the Arya Pratinidhi Sabha in 1951, Vice President of the All India Pratinidhi Sabha in 1956 and President of the International Arya League held in Mauritius in 1957. Dr. Ram was the Founding President of the Bihar unit of the All India Ophthalmological Society and helmed the conferences held in Patna (1952) and Jamshedpur (1956) and was the President of the AIOS in 1961. He was the President of the A.O.I and chaired the national conference of ENT in 1953.[2] He was also the President of the Bihar chapter of the Indian Medical Association from 1954–1955. He was the Founding President of the Institute of Administrative Studies at Patna for higher studies in administration and management. A surgeon with exceptional skills, he respected the ocular tissues and was devoted to his patients and students. He was requested to operate on the first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, for cataract in 1957. This tradition continued and he was the honorary ophthalmic surgeon for four subsequent Presidents, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Dr. Zakir Husain, V.V.Giri, and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. Dr. Ram was also a member of the Mudaliar Committee of 1959, set up by the Government of India as a Health Survey and Planning Committee for reviewing and proposing guidelines for medical relief and public health services, chaired by A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar. In 1962, Dr. Ram contested as the candidate for the Indian National Congress from Sasaram against Bipan Behari Sinha of the Praja Socialist Party in the Bihar Legislative Assembly election and won by a margin of 11,984 votes! The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honor, the Padma Bhushan in 1962. Dr. Ram passed away on April 16, 1990, at the ripe age of 90. He is survived by his six children and an untarnished glowing legacy. The Dr. Dukhan Ram DAV Public School in Patna, the Bihar and Jharkhand State Branch of The Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgeons of India’s annual oration, Dr. Dukhan Ram Memorial Oration, are named after him. He is fondly remembered as a gifted surgeon and an understanding teacher.[2] Image credits Soft pastels on paper by Dr. Suhas Sarawade, Professor of Ophthalmology, Dr. V. M. Government Medical college, Solapur, Maharashtra, Inda. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

제헌국회의원 선거법의 선거권 연령 하향 요인과 북조선 선거법의 영향

The North Korean Election Act had a great influence on the process of deciding the Constitutional National Assembly Election Act. In 1948, the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea on Korea compared and studied North Korea's election law with the election law enacted by South Korean Interim Legislative Assembly, and had a meeting to listen to the opinions of major domestic figures on the age of North Korea's right to vote. In the interview, the age issue of voting rights was mentioned first, and in North Korea's election regulations, it was also mentioned that the age of voting rights was 20 years or older.
 While the election law was enacted in South Korea, North Korea continued to criticize the South Korea's election law as undemocratic and limited. On the other hand, North Korea touted that North Korea's election laws and socialist countries' election laws represent 'true democracy'. This situation served as a very unfavorable factor for the United States to show off the excellence of American democracy in South Korea, and rather a positive factor in the process of enacting a “democratic” election law. The U.S. military government was considering left-wing propaganda in the process of enacting the election law. In addition, North Korea's election law directly or indirectly affected the decision-making process of the U.S. military government. In this regard, it can be confirmed once again through the issue of the age of the election law that South Korea and North Korea consciously and unconsciously influence each other through various ways.

1985년 제12대 국회의원 선거 연구

This article explores the causes of the unexpected rise of the New Korea Democratic Party (NKDP). In the 1985 National Assembly election, a new party, NKDP emerged as the main opposition party, which led to the collapse of the party system manufactured by the authoritarian regime. We argue that the election results primarily aimed at restructuring the ‘opposition bloc’. The election results were less related with public outcry against the Chun Doo-hwan regime or as a punishment for the ruling Democratic Justice Party. However, the election provided a critical opportunity for the regime-challenging NKDP to unite with young people who were the vanguard of political resistance to the authoritarian regime. In that sense, the 1985 election gave an important momentum for the pro-democracy movement later. In addition, social and economic changes such as urbanization, the rise of young voters in the demographic structure, and the mass production of ‘highly educated voters’ were also important factors for the rise of the NKDP in the 1985 election.

Role of Media Management and social media in Election Campaign in India: A Case Study of 2019 General Election

The social media behemoths Facebook, Twitter, Google, and YouTube have become significant players in the national elections and state assembly elections in India. Social media has grown in importance as a campaigning tool in the Indian electoral system. These new media platforms are believed to play a key role in luring voters, particularly the new generation of young adults. Political parties and candidates can more quickly and efficiently reach a huge number of voters thanks to social media. Social media, as opposed to traditional media, enables politicians to actively communicate with potential voters. Social media enables political parties and candidates to communicate their values, objectives, and accomplishments with voters directly, giving them a sense of increased involvement in the election.
 Candidates may more easily track participation on social media and provide their supporters with a behind-the-scenes look at their campaign. The gathering of news that is most pertinent to important target audiences is also made easier by these new media platforms. Research is crucial because social media usage is on the rise and has been proved to be significant. The current study focuses on the usage and growth of social media in the political sphere and how it affects public participation in politics and society at large. The study will first look at the growth of social media as a voter outreach tool.

Politics of Reservation in Rajasthan Assembly Elections: Current Scenario

In the last 22-25 years, including reservation for poor upper castes in Rajasthan, giving reservation to Jats by including them in OBC, giving reservation to Gujjars in special category outside OBC, special reservation to tribals, recently Mali-Saini-Kushwaha societies Raised the demand for reservation in special quota within OBC. Due to the long battle for reservation, 70 people died and hundreds were injured during this period. Property worth billions has been destroyed, yet this fire keeps on burning. When elections approach, the ghost of reservation does not stay out of the bottle.
 Abstract in Hindi Language:
 पिछले 22-25 वर्षों में राजस्थान में गरीब सवर्णों को आरक्षण, जाटों को ओबीसी में शामिल कर आरक्षण देने, गुर्जरों को ओबीसी से बाहर विशेष श्रेणी में आरक्षण देने, आदिवासियों को विशेष आरक्षण सहित हाल ही माली-सैनी-कुशवाहा समाजों ने ओबीसी के भीतर विशेष कोटे में आरक्षण देने की मांग बुलंद की है। आरक्षण की लंबी लड़ाई के चलते 70 लोगों की मौत हुई तो सैकड़ों लोग इस दौरान घायल हुए। अरबों की प्रोपर्टी बर्बाद हो गई, फिर भी यह आग रह-रह कर सुलग ही जाती है। जब चुनाव नजदीक आते हैं, तो आरक्षण का भूत बोतल से बाहर आए बिना नहीं रहता।
 Keywords:- राजस्थान, आरक्षण, विधानसभा, वर्तमान ।

Social Media and Election Campaigns: An Analysis of the Usage of Twitter during the 2021 Assam Assembly Elections

Election campaigning in India shows increasingly more sophisticated and widespread use of digital technologies like mobile phones and social media platforms, including Twitter for broadcasting messages and WhatsApp for creating political communities. Political parties hire workers to work for their social media campaigns, generally spreading negative campaigns about their opposition and glorifying their own agendas. At the same time, parties have mobilized campaign strategies around the personality of the leaders. Accordingly, Indian politics mirrors existing trends in western democracies, but these changes in election campaigning have occurred later and for many Indian voters, seem to have appeared out of nowhere. Hence this study may pave the way to gain a comprehensible understanding of the parties’ dominant political ideologies and identities, and especially the various issues that they may focus upon. It uses theories of professionalization, and social media campaigning for the 2021 election campaigns of the two dominant parties in Assam, an Indian state with more than 30 million residents. Primarily the study will try to explore the role of Twitter in the election campaigning process in the state of Assam. It will use qualitative content analysis to categorize the dominant techniques used by the two dominant political parties of Assam and finally percentage analysis will be performed to churn out the dominant issues used by the two political parties on Twitter. By analyzing the dominant issues this study also tries to explore which party was able to use Twitter significantly and how its role as a political communication strategy was effective.

Measuring the Coverage of Assembly elections and Covid 19 during the pandemic in India

India is still facing the aftermath of the second wave of covid 19. However, in between the first wave and second wave India witnessed long and tortuous assembly elections in four states of Southern India. This paper explores the coverage of covid 19 and assembly elections in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in two of the most circulated newspapers Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhumi from Kerala and Dinamalar and Dinathanthi from Tamil Nadu. E-papers from February 26, 2021- April 6, 2021, are collected for analysis. 7466 news articles are analyzed to find out the coverage of Covid 19 and assembly elections. The study questions the social responsibility of media platforms that set the media agenda in favor of assembly elections and hence averting the covid 19 news.

The rise of the BJP in West Bengal: A study of Lok Shaba and assembly election

The rise of the BJP in West Bengal: A study of Lok Shaba and assembly election

HP assembly elections 2022: Congress comeback in a tight bi-polar contest

HP assembly elections 2022: Congress comeback in a tight bi-polar contest

Breaching The Limit: A Critical Evaluation Of The Increase In Reservation Limit In Karnataka

The Government of Karnataka had, in October 2022, promulgated an ordinance to increase the reservation limit of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to 17 percent and 7 percent respectively. The ordinance was promulgated in furtherance of the recommendations made by the Justice HN Nagamohandas Commission which is also supported by the Justice Subhash Adi Committee report. Further, in December 2022, the Government of Karnataka had, seemingly as an act of appeasement and prior to the 2023 Assembly elections, tabled a Bill [The Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Reservation of Seats in Educational Institutions and of Appointments or Posts in the Services under the State) Bill, 2022] in the Legislative Assembly which reiterates the increase in reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the State just as the previously promulgated ordinance. The bill was eventually passed. The relevance of the ordinance and the bill is based on the observation that such an increase in reservation quota for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes would bring the overall reservation quota above 50 percent, which is against the desirable limit prescribed by the Supreme Court on reservation. This paper mainly aims to critically analyse the bill and the possible legal hurdles it might encounter. The paper shall, in the first part, deal with the history of reservation in India and the various constitutional provisions regarding the same. Secondly, the various landmark Supreme Court judgements on reservation, especially the decisions on the desirable limit of reservation, would be elucidated. The paper would also delve into the recommendations of the Commission and Committee that have been cited as the main reasons for the introduction of such an ordinance and thereafter the bill. This shall be followed by an analysis of whether this is an exceptional circumstance which demands the breach of the 50 percent rule. The paper shall, in conclusion, pose the various challenges that the Bill raises if the introduction of it is merely a political gimmick rather than a special circumstance requiring the breach of the desirable 50 percent reservation limit.

Socio-Economic and Cultural Barriers that Affect Women’s Participation in Local Level Governance in the Central Region of Ghana

The study sought to examine the socio-economic and cultural factors that affect women’s participation in local level governance in selected districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The qualitative approach was employed for this study, and an interview guide was used to gather data from 11 women assembly members and two of their husbands, making a total of 13 participants. The participants were sampled using purposive, snowball and convenient sampling techniques. The data was analysed thematically. The study identified lack of self-confidence, limited funds, unsupportive family, abuse and harassment, political affiliations in the Assembly and unsupportive religious organizations as the socio-economic and cultural barriers to women participation in local level governance in Agona West, Gomoa West and Gomoa Central Districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The findings showed that despite the barriers, some of the women were able to surmount such challenges and became successful in the District Assembly elections. The study recommended that special fund should be set up by the government to support Assembly women to perform their roles and responsibilities within their communities regularly. Such funds may help them fulfil their campaign promises, which may encourage them to seek re-election in the District Assemblies. Also, female politicians should mentor potential female politicians. The mentors may support them to build the confidence required to engage in local level politics and to aspire higher positions in political office.

Politics, Parties, People: Field Notes from Electoral Campaigns in Odisha|India

This report is about a critical analysis of elections in Odisha over the past few decades. Diverse social groups in the state have been politicised and mobilised for electoral purposes based on social cleavages, rather than common economic interest, ideology or leadership. A theoretical framework has been developed in almost every district to analyse and trace the processes of tradition and reconfiguration of the electoral landscape. It answers the questions: What message does the state hold for Parliament or assembly elections? How do the people, who belong to a state, respond to national and state leaderships? Our state has been receiving appreciation as a platform where mainstream politics unfolds and, in a significant way, shapes the national politics including the formation and stability of the government at the Centre, a trend that started in the post-Congress polity. But it may raise a lot of questions among the political pundits and strategic gurus about how the new style of election mechanism and campaign approach should be re-looked. “Naveen Raj” continues in Odisha with chief minister Naveen Patnaik’s unmatched leadership not only registering successive wins in elections but also touching minds and hearts. My paper does not waste so many words on the defeat the Congress, India’s oldest political party, in successive elections in the state. It does not also focus much on the Bharatiya Janata Party, which has been not accepted by people in Odisha despite changing election slogans from ‘vikash’ (development) to ‘kabastan’ (burial ground) and ‘Pakistan’ from one election to another. My paper attempts to study how leadership and style of approach in electoral politics causes landslide wins for Patnaik and the Biju Janata Dal. In 2019 general and state assembly elections, the Congress was on the backfoot from day one. The fight in Odisha was directly between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and chief minister Patnaik. The first was known for his outstanding skill of 5P (passion, propaganda, promotion, publicity and progressiveness) and the second for his 3D effect (decency, discipline and difference). I will, however, also take look at lack of 3I (infrastructure, identity and ideology) in the electoral process.

The Roots of Populism: Neoliberalism and Working-Class Lives

The Roots of Populism: Neoliberalism and Working-Class Lives

Electoral colorism: Candidate skin color and list placement in Ecuador

To what extent does candidate skin color influence party list placement in proportional representation systems? While candidate skin color is increasingly understood to play an important role in politics, the extent to which it shapes electoral opportunities and outcomes remains unclear. In this paper, we investigate whether party elites in list proportional representation systems place darker-skinned candidates in lower, less advantageous list positions than their lighter-skinned copartisans. Drawing on party lists from Ecuador’s 2021 National Assembly elections and an original measure of candidate skin color, we find evidence that candidate skin color is a significant determinant of list placement. This finding indicates that party lists reinforce color-based inequalities in political representation and reveals that a candidate’s skin color shapes their chances of winning elected office.