Aspirin-induced Gastric Ulcer Research Articles

Omeprazole taken once every other day can effectively prevent aspirin-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage in rats

BackgroundProton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) prevent aspirin-associated gastric and duodenal mucosal damage. However, long-term use of PPIs can lead to various adverse reactions, such as gastric polyps and enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia. Current research indicates that the abovementioned adverse reactions are mainly related to hypergastrinemia. We investigated whether low-frequency administration of omeprazole could effectively repair aspirin-induced mucosal damage and reduce the increase in gastrin levels associated with long-term use of PPIs.MethodsSprague‒Dawley rats were divided into four treatment groups: daily aspirin, daily aspirin and omeprazole once every day (qd), daily aspirin and omeprazole once every other day (qod), and daily aspirin and omeprazole once every three days (1/d3). After 15 days of feeding, blood samples were collected, and the stomachs of sacrificed rats were subjected to macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical studies. Moreover, in clinical practice, patients with peptic ulcers caused by aspirin took a standard dose of omeprazole (20 mg) every other day. Two months later, gastroscopy was performed to examine the healing of the ulcers.ResultsBoth the omeprazole qd and omeprazole qod administrations effectively prevented aspirin-induced gastric peptic ulcers, with no significant difference between the two groups in the inhibition of parietal cell secretion of gastric acid and cell apoptosis. However, omeprazole 1/d3 failed to completely prevent aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury. Notably, the gastrin levels, cell proliferation ability and cholecystokinin B receptor expression of the omeprazole qd group were significantly higher than those of the omeprazole qod group. In clinical work, patients with peptic ulcers caused by aspirin were given a standard dose of omeprazole every other day, and their ulcers healed after 2 months, as observed by gastroscopy.ConclusionsOmeprazole administration once every other day can effectively prevent aspirin-induced peptic ulcers and reduce hypergastrinemia, which may reduce the long-term adverse effects of PPI treatment.

Comparative assessment of anti-ulcer effects: Hydro-ethanolic extract from air-dried ray and disc florets vs essential oil of traditional Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae) in Swiss Albino rats

The Tagetes erecta Linn (family: Asteraceae) herb possesses medicinal and antioxidants value. The herb is traditionally used to treat various ailments, including ulcers. In order to investigate antiulcer activity of T. erecta herb, experimental study was performed between ray and disc florets extracted with 30 parts of water and 70 parts of ethanol solvents using Soxhlet apparatus and leaf's essential oil extracted in Clevenger apparatus by steam distillation method. Two doses of the hydroethanolic extract (400 and 800 mg/kg, Per os) and single dose of essential oil (10 ml/Kg, Per os) were administered for five consecutive days. Rat's pyloric ligation and aspirin (200 mg/kg, Per os) were used to induce acute and chronic gastric ulcers respectively. Antiulcer activity of both the herb's parts was compared on gastric juice parameters (pH, free acidity, total acidity) ulcer-index and ulcer percent protection. The p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant in statistical analysis. Elevation in pH, reduction in free acidity, total acidity and ulcer-index in both the ulcer models confirm that the test drug showed the ulcer-protective activity in rats. Dose-dependent effects were observed in the antiulcer activity of the hydroethanolic extract. However, the leaf's essential oil showed 94 % and 96.93 % ulcer protection in the pyloric ligation and aspirin-induced gastric ulcer models respectively. The hydroethanolic extract and the essential oil may be capable in part, regulating gastric acid secretion pathways or stimulating the cytoprotective secretion of bicarbonate, mucus and prostaglandins. Histological studies supported the observed antiulcer activity of the herb. The essential oil has more potent and significant anti-ulcer activity than hydro-ethanolic extract and respective standard drugs: ranitidine (50 mg/kg, Per os) & pantoprazole (20 mg/kg, Per os). The herb exhibits antiulcer activity, which could be due to the presence of lead phytochemicals: Quercetin-3-methyl ether, quercetin-7-methyl-ether & kaempferol flavonoids in the extract and limonene & terpinolene in leaf's essential oil and, thus, confirmed the traditional uses of T. erecta in the treatment of ulcers. The herb may cure acid pepsin disorders.

Wound healing and antiulcer activities of Solenostemma oleifolium (Nectoux) Bullock & E.A.Bruce ex Maire essential oil in rats

Context: Solenostemma oleifolium is a Saharan plant part of the traditional pharmacopoeia to treat wound and gastric problems. This work supports the presence of active compounds in the essential oil of S. oleifolium, facilitating the healing process. Aims: To evaluate the wound healing and antiulcer effects of the essential oil of S. oleifolium (EOSO). Methods: EOSO was prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The toxicity of the product was evaluated by an acute toxicity test and a skin toxicity test. A 1% EOSO cream was prepared and used. The percentage of wound contraction was monitored in an excision model in rats. A histopathological study was conducted on the damaged tissue throughout the experiment. For the ulcer study, two assays were performed in rats: the aspirin-induced gastric ulcer and the pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer assays. In the aspirin test, the ulcer index and the percentage of ulcer protection were calculated. Results: The major compounds of the EOSO were linalool (57.1%), terpineol (12.95%), and trans-geraniol (12.66%). EOSO was not considered toxic. In the excision rat model, from day 2 to day 10, the wound contraction was significantly higher (p<0.05) for the EOSO-treated wound than for the non-treated wound. In the aspirin-induced ulcer test, the ulcer index was significantly reduced in the EOSO-treated rats compared to the control rats (p<0.05). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the wound healing and antiulcer properties of the essential oil of S. oleifolium.

Cytoprotective Effects of Hydro-extracts of the Inner Bark of the Oak Tree Fruit (Jaft) on the Healing Process of Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Introduction: A gastric ulcer is a mucosal lesion of the stomach that may occur after taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, especially in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of oak (Jaft) against the mucosal damage effects of aspirin. Methods: Seventy-two female Wistar rats weighing 200‒240 g were prepared and divided into 6 groups. Groups I, II, and III received the Jaft extract at doses of 250 mg/kg/d, 500 mg/kg/d, and 750 mg/kg/d, respectively, and Group IV received omeprazole at a dose of 200 mg/kg/d. Groups V (patient’s control) and VI (healthy control) both received saline (0.9%) at 1 mL/kg/d . Mice were given aspirin (200 mg/kg/d) for inducing the gastric ulcer. After 14 days, they were anesthetized with ether, their stomachs were removed, and the blocks of tissue were prepared. The tissues were stained using the hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) dye and analyzed by the Olympus light microscope and OLYSIA software. Finally, IBM SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The means±standard deviation (SD) of the mucosal thickness in groups taking the Jaft extracts (250, 500, and 700 mg) decreased compared to the aspirin group (P<0.05). In addition, the mean±SD of the mucosal gland thickness and mucosal folds in group V (with aspirin) decreased compared to the 250, 500, and 700 extract groups (P>0.05). The epithelial cell destruction, edema, venous congestion, and destruction of the capillaries of the mucosal and sub-mucosal areas in the extract groups decreased compared to the V group. Likewise, the number of mucosal cells in the gastric gland and the size of gastric parietal cells in the extract groups decreased compared to the V group. Conclusion: This study generally elucidated the cytoprotective effect of the Jaft extract in the mouse model of gastric ulcer.

PSVI-18 Effects of Vitamin U Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass and Gastric Keratinization Scores in Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcer Finishing Pigs

Abstract Oesophagogastric ulceration is a common disease in pigs. It is almost exclusively confined to the non-glandular pars-oesophagea. The prevalence of this gastric ulcer has been raised globally. Vitamins and trace elements play important roles in different physiological processes in pigs. Requirements of these elements will depend on ages, physiological statuses and feeds. Hence, there were only limited studies conducted on Methyl methionine sulfonium chloride (also known as Vitamin U), particularly in barrows and gilts. Thus, we investigated the beneficial effects of Vitamin U supplementation on the gastric ulcer problem of finishing pigs. One hundred-forty [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] barrows and gilts (86.5 ± 1.5 kg) were used in a 28-d experiment in a randomized complete blocked design and assigned to TRT1 (basal diet); TRT2- (basal diet + stress), TRT3 (basal diet + 0.05 % Vitamin U), TRT4 (basal diet + aspirin 15g (3 days) + stress), and TRT5 (basal diet + aspirin 15g (3 days) + stress + 0.1 Vitamin U ), respectively. The active ingredients of Vitamin U: 50mg/g, MgO 60mg/g, Na2CO3 70mg/g. TRT 5 group pigs showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in final body weight and average daily gain (ADG) compared with other groups. However, there was no significant difference in body condition scores between treatment groups (P > 0.05). Stomach keratinization scores were significantly greater in TRT2 and 4 than in TRT 3 (P < 0.05). In summary, the addition of Vitamin U (stayvill) to the diet improved the degree of gastric ulcer to a certain extent and effectively improve growth performance in finishing pigs.

Investigation of a biopolymer-based pH-responsive and sustained release raft-gel-forming tablet of famotidine: In-vitro, ex-vivo, bioavailability and anti-ulcer evaluation in New Zealand albino rabbit

Famotidine (FAM), a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, routinely used for gastric ulcers. However, the poor permeability, short biological half-life and degradation in acidic gastric environment, limits its bioavailability and reduces the expression of potential bioactivity. The present study investigated sodium alginate as a pH responsive and raft-gel-forming biopolymer along with slowly releasing ingredients to achieve stomach site-specific, stable and sustained release FAM tablet (FAMRFT) for the management of gastric ulcer. The Box Behnken design was adopted to optimize raft strength and sustained release profile. The optimized FAMRFT was evaluated in terms of in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo in suitable animal models. In-vitro release study showed that FAMRFT can effectively and continuously sustained-release with diffusion mechanism. Ex-vivo permeation study in porcine gastric mucosa showed two-fold increase in permeation parameters. In-vivo studies in New Zealand albino rabbits, the X-ray scintigraphy confirmed the formation of raft-gel in gastric and buoyancy, improved 3-fold bioavailability as compared to pure FAM and commercial tablet, respectively. Further, the improved gastro protective effects were reflected in gastric volume, total acid output, pH, ulcer score, ulcer index, ulcer protection and biomarkers level such as malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) in aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in albino rabbit. Moreover, histopathological study revealed the absence of epithelial erosion, submucosal edema and leucocytes infiltration in gastric mucosa. The results indicate that sodium alginate-based pH responsive raft-gel may be a new formulation for the application of FAM for the treatment of gastric ulcer.

JP-1366: A novel and potent potassium-competitive acid blocker that is effective in the treatment of acid-related diseases.

The global prevalence of GERD is substantially increasing each year, and GERD is a chronic disease that reduces the quality of life of patients. The efficacy of conventional drugs is diverse, and most require long-term or lifetime administration; thus, the development of more effective therapeutic agents is needed. Herein, a more effective treatment for GERD was tested. We investigated whether JP-1366 affected gastric H+/K+-ATPase activity and used the Na+/K+-ATPase assay to confirm the selectivity of H+/K+-ATPase inhibition. To clarify the mechanism of enzyme inhibition, JP-1366 and TAK-438 were analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk. Also, we investigated the effects of JP-1366 in various models involving reflux esophagitis. We found that JP-1366 mediates strong, selective, and dose-dependent inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase. We found that JP-1366 significantly suppressed gastric acid secretion in histamine-treated pylorus-ligated rats in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we confirmed that JP-1366 inhibited histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in the HPD model. JP-1366 exhibited a more than 2-fold higher inhibitory effect on esophageal injury than TAK-438 in GERD lesions and had a more potent inhibitory effect in indomethacin- or aspirin-induced gastric ulcer rat models than TAK-438. Additionally, JP-1366 inhibited gastric ulcers. These results support the possibility that JP-1366 is a good candidate drug for treating acid-related diseases.

Gastroprotective Effect of Anisomeles indica on Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice.

Gastric ulcers are commonly seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract and may be related to the Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Typically, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used to treat gastric ulcers; however, adverse effects have emerged following long-term treatment. Natural medicines are used as alternative therapeutic agents in the treatment of gastric ulcers, with few side effects. Despite various reports on the anti-H. pylori and anti-gastric cancer activities of Anisomeles indica, its gastroprotective effect on ulcers remains undetermined. This study investigated the protective effect of A. indica on aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in murine models. Our results show that three fractions of ethanol-extracted A. indica inhibited aspirin-induced gastric injury. Among these, A. indica Fraction 1 was observed to enrich ovatodiolide, which effectively diminished gastric acidity and alleviated aspirin-induced inflammation in the stomach. Our results provide evidence that A. indica could be developed as an effective therapeutic agent for gastroprotective purposes.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and Gastroprotective Activities of Paspalidium flavidum Leaves Extract in Experimental Animal Models.

Paspalidium flavidum (watercrown grass), a medicinal plant, is traditionally used in liver ailments and stomach problems. The hepatoprotective and gastroprotective activities of the aqueous methanol extract of Paspalidium flavidum (AMEPF) were studied in experimental animal models. Paracetamol and aspirin were used to induce hepatotoxicity and gastric ulcer in rats, respectively. Biochemical hepatic parameters, gastric pH, total acidity, ulcer index, percentage protection, nitric oxide and TNF-α were measured in AMEPF-treated groups. Moreover, GC-MS analysis of AMEPF was performed. Pretreatment with AMEPF improved the blood lipid profile and restored liver function tests in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. While in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer, oral administration of AMEPF significantly reduced (P<0.05) the gastric lesions, total acidity and ulcer scoring index, TNF-α with upregulation of nitric oxide when compared with the Diseased group. AMEPF exhibited anti-lipid peroxidation activity. Histopathological studies were in good agreement with the biochemical findings. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of anti-oxidant phyto-constituents, including oleic acid and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) in AMEPF. This study suggested that aqueous methanol extract from the leaves of P. flavidum has beneficial hepatoprotective and gastroprotective activities related to its anti-oxidant phytochemicals.

Antiulcerative potential of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in a rabbit model

ObjectivesSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is accredited as a functional food because of its nutraceutical compounds. These dietary components may help heal lesions and ulcer scars in the stomach. This research was designed to examine the antioxidant and antiulcerative potential of sweet potato (red skin, white flesh) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in a rabbit model. MethodsSweet potato samples were analyzed for in vitro analysis, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. In a bioefficacy study, rabbits were divided into five groups (n = 6) in which G0 received the standard diet only, G1 150 mg/kg aspirin, G2 20 mg/kg omeprazole, G3 1000 mg/kg aqueous extract of sweet potato, and G4 1000 mg/kg ethanolic extract of sweet potato. After completion of the trial, the animals were decapitated and examined for antiulcer parameters, serum analysis, and hematologic parameters. ResultsThe mean values for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content were 57%, 927 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, and 1901 µg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively. The values for gastric volume, acid output, ulcer scores and index, total oxidant status, white blood cell count, and lymphocyte count were increased significantly (P < 0.05) for the positive control group compared with G2, G3, and G4. Gastric pH and body weight at the end of the experiment were significantly reduced for the positive control group (P < 0.05) compared with G2, G3, and G4. Histology test results of gastric tissues in G1 depicted severe epithelial damage compared with G2, G3, and G4. ConclusionsThe results for the antiulcer parameters ascertained the antiulcer activity of sweet potato in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer models.

Spirulina supplements: an approach moderating aspirin persuaded histological and ultra-structural alterations in albino rats gastric mucosa

ABSTRACT Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most used drugs. The pathogenesis of aspirin-induced gastric ulceration includes blocking the activities of the cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) leading to reduced mucus and bicarbonate secretion. Spirulina contains many functional bioactive ingredients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, including phenolic phytochemicals and phycobiliprotein C-phycocyanin. To investigate the possible gastroprotective role of spirulina against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal insults. Forty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Group I (Control) and group II (Spirulina control) were given spirulina for 3 days, group III (Ulcer model) were given single dose of acetyl salicylic acid to induce ulcer and group IV (Treatment) were given spirulina for 3 days after induction of ulcer formation. Animals were sacrificed, stomachs were collected and processed for examination of light and scanning electron microscope histopathological examination. Statistical difference mucosal mucin area percentage among groups was determined and data were analyzed. Histological examination of the H&E-stained and combined Alcian-blue-PAS-stained sections of Group III rats illustrated severe destruction of the mucosal architecture and reduction of the mucin surface area while those examined for group IV illustrated minor affection of the gastric mucosa and mucin protective layer. Oxidant antioxidant markers: Nitric oxide (NO) is elevated, Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are reduced in aspirin treated group. The use of Spirulina restores the normal balance between the oxidant antioxidant system. Spirulina has a great potential in protecting the gastric mucosa against harmful effect of NSAID.

Preventive Activity of Muntingia calabura Fruits Extract in Aspirin-induced Gastric Ulcer Rat

Gastric ulcer can be affected people at any age. One cause of this disease is NSAID usage. The aim of this study is to determine Muntingia calabura L. fruit activity for prevent ulcer using aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rat model. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided become six groups: normal (CMC 0.5%), negative control (CMC 0.5%), positive control (omeprazole 20 mg/kg), treatment group (ethanol M . calabura L. fruit extract): I (100 mg/kg), II (200 mg/kg), and III (300 mg/kg) and given orally once a day for 9 days. On the 10th day, aspirin at a dose of 500 mg/kg was given to all groups except the normal group. Four hours after induction, all animals were sacrificed. Preventive effect against stomach ulcer were determined by calculating the index of ulcer and histopathological examination. Index ulcer of M. calabura fruit extract at all dose were different than negative group, although not significant (p&lt;0.05). Histopathological examination of M. calabura extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg showed few inflammatory cells and congestion compared with the other treatment group. Therefore, ethanol M . calabura L. fruit extract at a dose 300mg/kg gave best activity in preventive of gastric ulcer. Keywords: aspirin, gastric ulcer, Muntingia calabura fruit

Comparative Evaluation of Gastroprotective Potential of Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) and Caryota Urens(L.) on Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

The present study was carried out to find out the gastroprotective effects of the leaves extracts of Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) and Caryota Urens (L.) in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared from the leaves of Dypsis lutescens and Caryota Urens and were used for this study. All procured animals were divided into seven groups. Each group contain n = 6, all groups except the normal control treated with aspirin 150 mg/kg oral. Group, I served as the normal control group which received normal saline, group II served as negative control and group III as standard group receiving 20 mg/kg omeprazole and 4th to 7th groups treated with leaves extracts of Dypsis lutescens and Caryota urens respectively. Treatment was given to group II to group VII rats in every 24 h for seven days. After 24 h fasting, on the 8th-day stomach contents were aspirated under anaesthetic condition to check free and total acidity. Stomachs were opened in all sacrificed animals along the greater curvature to estimate ulcer index, percentage protection and histopathology studies.&#x0D; The results of the present study revealed that the severity of aspirin-induced ulceration was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) decreased in Dypsis lutescens extracts treated groups in comparison with the control and Caryota urens treated groups. It was observed that the free and total acidity significantly decreased in the aqueous extract of Dypsis lutescens treated group when compared with the negative control and Caryota urens treated groups.

Curative impacts of Ethanoic Extract of Laportea aestuans (L) Chew in Aspirin-Induced Ulcerative compromise in Male Rats

Toxicity of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being reported with its diverse effect in the host resulting in ulcerations. Ulceration was induced orally using aspirin. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used for this study (120-150g). Rats were divided into 6 groups with each group containing 4 rats. Rats were pre-treated orally with cimetidine, a reference drug. Group 1 rats orally received 1% gum acacia solution as the control group, Group 2 rats orally administered 25 mg/kg aspirin and served as the ulcerated, untreated group, rats in groups 3 and 4 were pre-treated orally with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively for 3 days while rats in groups 5 and 6 were pre-treated orally with 50 mg/kg cimetidine and 50 mg/kg catechin respectively for 3 days. The result of this study shows that the ulcerated, untreated rats showed increased concentrations of The result of this study shows that the ulcerated, untreated rats showed increased concentrations of acid output, pepsin activity with a concomitant decrease in pH values, and mucin content compared to control group but pre-treatment with different doses, cimetidine and catechin reversed these observations. Activities of superoxide oxidase were decreased in the ulcerated, untreated group with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation concentration but pre-treatment with different doses, cimetidine and catechin reversed these observations. In conclusion, the ethanoic extract of L. aestuans can be said to be used therapeutically agaisnt aspirin-induced gastric ulcer which is due to the presence of bioactive compounds in the plant.&#x0D; as an anti-ulcerogenic agent against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer which is due to the presence of phytochemicals in the plant.&#x0D; Keywords: Ulcerations, bioactive compounds, oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase, aspirin

Antioxidant Effect of GOYO-11 Against Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of GOYO-11 on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer formation. Methods: The prevention of aspirin-induced gastric ulcers was studied in 60 rats divided into 6 equally sized groups: healthy group (no aspirin), control group (aspirin-only), standard drug group (aspirin + omeprazole and bismuth), GOYO-11 (aspirin + GOYO-11 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, respectively). Results: The aspirin-only control group had distinctly attenuated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase compared to the healthy group (p &lt; 0.05). The control group showed a significant elevation in malondialdehyde levels compared to the healthy group (p &lt; 0.05). The GOYO-11 high dose group had a significant elevation in superoxide dismutase levels compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The GOYO-11 middle dose group showed significant elevation in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase levels compared to the control group with a significant reduction in malondialdehyde level when compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: GOYO-11 had a gastroprotective effect against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer rats and probably prevents ulcers by protecting the antioxidants, inhibiting lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), saving mucous glycoprotein, and decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTI-ULCER EFFECT OF CANCARIUS MUSHROOM EXTRACT (CANTHARELLUS CIBARIUS) AND SHIITAKE MUSHROOM EXTRACT (LENTINUS EDODES) IN THE EXPERIMENT

Mushrooms are appreciated not only for their nutritional value and bioavailability, but also for their medicinal properties. There are a growing number of the studies focused on investigating medical preparation base on natural compounds, including those isolated from a number of fungi species of fungi species. The aim of this study is to compare anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcer effects of extracts of shiitake mushrooms and chanterelle mushrooms in an experiment on rats. Materials and methods. The experiment involved 30 white female rats weighing 170-210 g., divided into 5 groups: group 1 included intact animals; group 2 included animals with modelled pathology; group 3 included animals, which received chanterelle extract; group 4 involved animals, which received shiitake mushroom extract, and group-5 rats received the reference drug. Observation of changes over the inflammatory process in the model of carrageenan-induced inflammation in the paw of the rats revealed an anti-exudative effect of varying intensity that made up 36.84% for the of chanterelle mushroom extract and 15.79% for shiitake mushroom extract. The dynamics of trypsin-induced inflammatory process showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity, 32.02%, during the courses of the therapy with chanterelle mushroom extract. According to the indicator of analgesic effects produced by the studied extracts, the highest indicator was reached by the chanterelle mushroom extract (33.53%) that exceeded the analgesic effect of the shiitake mushroom extract (17.65%). Therapeutic and prophylactic administration of the chanterelle mushroom extract in a dose of 10 mg / kg in the model of aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats showed a pronounced anti-ulcer effect which made up 66.7% compared with that by shiitake mushroom extract (33.4%) and the reference drug “Altan” (100%). Conclusion. The obtained data have demonstrated the promise of using the extracts of chanterelle and shiitake mushrooms for the therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

Gastro-protective Effects of Green Banana (Musa cavendishii Lamb.) Pulp Powder on Aspirin-induced Gastric Ulcer in Albino Rats

Green banana (Musa cavendishii) is used in the traditional medicine in Sudan to treat peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastro-protective effect of aqueous extract of green banana pulp powder on aspirin-induced ulcer in albino rats. The effect was studied using aspirin-induced gastric damage in rats and compared between groups which were: group 1 (negative control) received water only, group 2 (positive control) received aspirin. Groups 3 and 4 were received 0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg of banana extract before aspirin 100 mg/kg, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were received 0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg of banana extract of banana extract after aspirin 100 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicate that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in ulcer index between M. cavendishii extract treated groups 3, 4, 5, 6 with ulcer index (15.0 ± 1.31), (09.5 ± 0.64), (09.0 ± 0.79) and 0 respectively when compared to the control group with ulcer index (25.5 ± 1.45). The histopathological assessment showed significant improvement as partial erosion of mucosa with groups 3 and 4, while group 5 and 6 showed total gastric aspirin induced-ulcer protection. The study concluded that banana pulp powder suspension showed significant gastro-protective effect in all groups of rats, promotes ulcer healing and strengthens the mucosa. This study confirmed the use banana in folk medicine for the management of gastric ulcer. The mechanism of protection afforded by bananas has to be further elucidated.

Trio-clar Versus Portulaca Oleracea and/or Foeniculum Vulgare Extracts on Induced Gastric Ulcer in Adult Female Albino Rats. A Histological Study

Introduction: Gastric ulcer is a complex disease affecting the stomach. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common cause of gastric ulcers. Drugs used in gastric treatment induce side effects and drug interactions. Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane), Foeniculum Vulgare Mill (Fennel) are herbal remedies having gastro-protective effects.Aim of work: To assess the cytoprotective effects of trio-clar versus fennel and ∕or purslane on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in adult female albino rats.Materials and Methods: Forty-two adult female albino rats were divided into three main groups. Group I (control group). Group II (gastric ulcer), overnight fasted rats received aspirin solution (300 mg/kg/day) orally by gastric tube. GroupIIIincorporated as the treated gastric ulcer group that was subdivided equally into four subgroups. GIIIa: gastric ulcer treated with Trio-clar. GIIIb: gastric ulcer treated with purslane extract at dose 750 mg ∕ kg. GIIIc: gastric ulcer treated with fennel extract at a dose of 300 mg ∕ kg. GIIId: gastric ulcer treated with a combined dose of purslane and fennel extract. Fundus of stomach specimens was prepared and examined using different histological techniques.Results: Light microscopic study of the gastric ulcer group depicted severe mucosal injury in the form of ulcerative erosion, dilated distorted glandular architecture, damage of parietal and chief cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei, congested blood vessels and inflammatory cellular infiltration. A reduction of combined Alcian blue and Periodic-Acid-Schiff reaction coupled to a significant increase in area percentage of collagen fibers observed upon aspirin administration. The ultrastructural assessment confirmed these distortions. The treated groups showed different degrees of improvement in the histological changes depicted previously with priority to the combined administration of purslane and fennel extracts.Conclusion: Combined administration of purslane and fennel was more effective in enhancing the healing process than either purslane, fennel alone or trio-clar drug.

Ethanolic extract of okra has a potential gastroprotective effect on acute gastric lesions in Sprague Dawley rats.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) has various bioactive components used for the treatment of different diseases such as gastritis and ulcers. This research aims to examine the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐ulcer attributes of okra extract against gastric lesions. Adult Sprague Dawley male albino rats were divided into five groups. The negative control (G1) received normal feed, positive control (G2) received ulcer‐inducing drug aspirin 150 mg/kg of body weight (b.w), G3 group received reference drug omeprazole 20 mg/kg of b.w, G4 group received okra extract 250 mg/kg of b.w, and G5 group received 500 mg/kg of b.w. Acute gastric damage was induced in G1, G2, G3, and G4 using aspirin 150 mg/kg of b.w, during 14‐day‐long efficacy trials after that all the animals were sacrificed. Anti‐ulcer parameters and histopathological analysis of stomachs were performed to evaluate the degree of recovery against tissue damage by the administration of okra extract. The obtained results indicated that the 500 mg/kg of b.w okra extract exerted a protective effect in aspirin‐induced gastric ulcers by significantly (p < .05) reducing ulcer score, ulcer area, total acidity, and gastric volume, and significantly (p < .05) increasing gastric pH. Moreover, histopathological observation revealed that gastric mucosa was normal in G1, G3, G4, and G5; however, disruptions in the gastric epithelium were observed in G2. Congestion was observed in all groups except G1 and G5. Gastric pits and gastric glands were increased in size in G2 and G4. A higher concentration of okra extract (500 mg/kg of b.w) showed almost similar results when compared to the reference drug omeprazole.

Histological Study of the Caffeine Effect on Intact Gastric Mucosa and Induced Gastric Ulcer in Adult Male Albino Rats

Introduction: Gastric ulcer is a serious health problem of worldwide concern.Caffeine is affirmed globally as a safe dietary element as a result of its high antioxidant content.Aim of the Work: To assess the cytoprotective impact of caffeine on the intact gastric mucosa and aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in adult male albino rats.Materials and Methods: Forty-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. Group I (control group). Group II (caffeine group), received aqueous caffeine (300 mg /kg/day) by gastric tube. Group III, overnight fasted rats received aspirin solution (200 mg/kg/day) orally for 5 consecutive days, then rats were further subdivided equally into: Subgroup IIIa (gastric ulcer group), sacrificed six hours after the last aspirin dose, subgroup IIIb, left without treatment for 4 weeks and subgroup IIIc received caffeine orally for 4 weeks. Group IV (caffeine prophylactic group) before ulcer induction. Serum was maintained for antioxidants activity assay; total antioxidant capacity (TAC), prostaglandin (PGE2) and tumour necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α).Specimens of stomach body were processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Morphometric and statistical analysis was done.Results: Light microscopic study of the gastric ulcer group depicted deep erosion, damage of parietal and chief cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei, congested blood vessels and aggregated mononuclear inflammatory cells that were supported by a significant increase of (TNF-α) expression coupled to a significant decrease in PGE2 and TAC levels and a significant reduction of Periodic-Acid-Schiff reaction coupled to a significant increase in area percentage of collagen fibers upon aspirin administration.The ultrastructural assessment confirmed these distortions. Whereas, caffeine prophylactic and treated groups revealed greater improvement in the histological changes depicted previously.Conclusion:Caffeine has protective impacts on the intact gastric mucosa. Additionally, it alleviated aspirin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in adult male albino rats that might be related to its high antioxidant content