Aspirin-induced Gastric Ulcers In Rats Research Articles

Cytoprotective Effects of Hydro-extracts of the Inner Bark of the Oak Tree Fruit (Jaft) on the Healing Process of Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Introduction: A gastric ulcer is a mucosal lesion of the stomach that may occur after taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, especially in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of oak (Jaft) against the mucosal damage effects of aspirin. Methods: Seventy-two female Wistar rats weighing 200‒240 g were prepared and divided into 6 groups. Groups I, II, and III received the Jaft extract at doses of 250 mg/kg/d, 500 mg/kg/d, and 750 mg/kg/d, respectively, and Group IV received omeprazole at a dose of 200 mg/kg/d. Groups V (patient’s control) and VI (healthy control) both received saline (0.9%) at 1 mL/kg/d . Mice were given aspirin (200 mg/kg/d) for inducing the gastric ulcer. After 14 days, they were anesthetized with ether, their stomachs were removed, and the blocks of tissue were prepared. The tissues were stained using the hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) dye and analyzed by the Olympus light microscope and OLYSIA software. Finally, IBM SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The means±standard deviation (SD) of the mucosal thickness in groups taking the Jaft extracts (250, 500, and 700 mg) decreased compared to the aspirin group (P<0.05). In addition, the mean±SD of the mucosal gland thickness and mucosal folds in group V (with aspirin) decreased compared to the 250, 500, and 700 extract groups (P>0.05). The epithelial cell destruction, edema, venous congestion, and destruction of the capillaries of the mucosal and sub-mucosal areas in the extract groups decreased compared to the V group. Likewise, the number of mucosal cells in the gastric gland and the size of gastric parietal cells in the extract groups decreased compared to the V group. Conclusion: This study generally elucidated the cytoprotective effect of the Jaft extract in the mouse model of gastric ulcer.

Comparative Evaluation of Gastroprotective Potential of Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) and Caryota Urens(L.) on Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

The present study was carried out to find out the gastroprotective effects of the leaves extracts of Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) and Caryota Urens (L.) in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared from the leaves of Dypsis lutescens and Caryota Urens and were used for this study. All procured animals were divided into seven groups. Each group contain n = 6, all groups except the normal control treated with aspirin 150 mg/kg oral. Group, I served as the normal control group which received normal saline, group II served as negative control and group III as standard group receiving 20 mg/kg omeprazole and 4th to 7th groups treated with leaves extracts of Dypsis lutescens and Caryota urens respectively. Treatment was given to group II to group VII rats in every 24 h for seven days. After 24 h fasting, on the 8th-day stomach contents were aspirated under anaesthetic condition to check free and total acidity. Stomachs were opened in all sacrificed animals along the greater curvature to estimate ulcer index, percentage protection and histopathology studies.
 The results of the present study revealed that the severity of aspirin-induced ulceration was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in Dypsis lutescens extracts treated groups in comparison with the control and Caryota urens treated groups. It was observed that the free and total acidity significantly decreased in the aqueous extract of Dypsis lutescens treated group when compared with the negative control and Caryota urens treated groups.

Antioxidant Effect of GOYO-11 Against Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of GOYO-11 on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer formation. Methods: The prevention of aspirin-induced gastric ulcers was studied in 60 rats divided into 6 equally sized groups: healthy group (no aspirin), control group (aspirin-only), standard drug group (aspirin + omeprazole and bismuth), GOYO-11 (aspirin + GOYO-11 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, respectively). Results: The aspirin-only control group had distinctly attenuated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). The control group showed a significant elevation in malondialdehyde levels compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). The GOYO-11 high dose group had a significant elevation in superoxide dismutase levels compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The GOYO-11 middle dose group showed significant elevation in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase levels compared to the control group with a significant reduction in malondialdehyde level when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: GOYO-11 had a gastroprotective effect against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer rats and probably prevents ulcers by protecting the antioxidants, inhibiting lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), saving mucous glycoprotein, and decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTI-ULCER EFFECT OF CANCARIUS MUSHROOM EXTRACT (CANTHARELLUS CIBARIUS) AND SHIITAKE MUSHROOM EXTRACT (LENTINUS EDODES) IN THE EXPERIMENT

Mushrooms are appreciated not only for their nutritional value and bioavailability, but also for their medicinal properties. There are a growing number of the studies focused on investigating medical preparation base on natural compounds, including those isolated from a number of fungi species of fungi species. The aim of this study is to compare anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcer effects of extracts of shiitake mushrooms and chanterelle mushrooms in an experiment on rats. Materials and methods. The experiment involved 30 white female rats weighing 170-210 g., divided into 5 groups: group 1 included intact animals; group 2 included animals with modelled pathology; group 3 included animals, which received chanterelle extract; group 4 involved animals, which received shiitake mushroom extract, and group-5 rats received the reference drug. Observation of changes over the inflammatory process in the model of carrageenan-induced inflammation in the paw of the rats revealed an anti-exudative effect of varying intensity that made up 36.84% for the of chanterelle mushroom extract and 15.79% for shiitake mushroom extract. The dynamics of trypsin-induced inflammatory process showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity, 32.02%, during the courses of the therapy with chanterelle mushroom extract. According to the indicator of analgesic effects produced by the studied extracts, the highest indicator was reached by the chanterelle mushroom extract (33.53%) that exceeded the analgesic effect of the shiitake mushroom extract (17.65%). Therapeutic and prophylactic administration of the chanterelle mushroom extract in a dose of 10 mg / kg in the model of aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats showed a pronounced anti-ulcer effect which made up 66.7% compared with that by shiitake mushroom extract (33.4%) and the reference drug “Altan” (100%). Conclusion. The obtained data have demonstrated the promise of using the extracts of chanterelle and shiitake mushrooms for the therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lilium Candidum Flowers

Peptic disorders like gastro esophageal reflux disease, gastritis, peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer etc., are the common in today’s life style. This may be due to stressful life style or improper balance diet. The pathology behind these disorders may be discrepancy between offensive and defensive mechanisms either by excess secretion of acid and pepsin or diminished ability of the gastro-duodenal mucosal barrier to protect against stomach acid-pepsin secretion. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of the most commonly used medicines and proven to be effective for certain disorders. Some people use NSAIDs on daily basis for preventive purpose. But a variety of severe side effects can be induced by NSAIDs. Studies have shown that edible natural ingredients exhibit preventive benefit of gastric ulcer. Therefore present study was designed to evaluate antiulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Lilium candidum flowers in rats. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The in vivo anti-ulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extract was assessed against Aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Depending on the model, outcome measures were pH of gastric fluid and ulcer index as well as percent inhibition of ulcer index. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, polyphenols and amino acids. The total phenolics content of L. candidum extract was (1.039mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (0.941mg/100mg) respectively. Further hydroalcoholic extract of 100 and 200mg/kg/p.o significantly (p˂0.01) reduced the gastric pH, ulcer index in aspirin induced ulcer models in rats. The findings of this study confirmed that L. candidum extract has anti-ulcer pharmacologic activity due to one or more of the secondary metabolites present in it. Therefore, this study validates its anti-ulcer use in Indian folk medicine. Further investigations on isolation of specific phytochemicals and elucidating mechanisms of action are needed. Keywords: Lilium candidum, Phytochemical constituents, Antiulcer, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Aspirin-induced gastric ulcer.

Gastroprotective Effects of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) Against Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Gastroprotective Effects of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) Against Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Protective Effects of Methanol Extract ofVernonia amygdalina(del.) Leaf on Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulceration and Oxidative Mucosal Damage in a Rat Model of Gastric Injury

This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Ulceration was induced by 3 days’ oral administration of aspirin (150 mg/kg body weight). Wistar rats were pretreated with cimetidine (reference drug) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and MEVA at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 days prior to ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions, antioxidant status, and histopathological alteration were evaluated. We observed that the significantly increased ulcer index, gastric volume, free and total acidity, malondialdehyde level, and pepsin activity were effectively reduced following treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg MEVA. The extract also markedly attenuated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione level as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. Administration of the extract also significantly attenuates necrosis of the stomach tissue of the ulcerated rats. The results suggested that the MEVA leaf, preferably at 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight, ameliorated aspirin-induced gastric ulceration via antioxidative and H2 receptor antagonist.

Anti-ulcer effect of extract of rhizome of Curcuma longa. L against aspirin-induced peptic ulcer in rats

Background: Rhizome of Curcuma longa has many therapeutic implications in traditional Indian medicine. It is used in traditional medicine for flatulence, dyspepsia, and other gastric problems. There is conflicting reports regarding its antiulcer and ulcerogenic potential. Aims and Objectives: The study is with the aim of determining the gastoprotective effect of C. longa extract on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Materials and Methods: C. longa rhizomes were collected locally. Preparation of extract was done with 50% ethanol using Soxhlet extraction. Albino rats of Wistar strain were used for the study. Aspirin was purchased from Sigma Labs, Mumbai. Anti-ulcer effect of the extract was studied in rats after inducing mucosal damage by aspirin. Results: It was found that extract of C. longa exhibited significant protection against aspirin-induced ulcer at dose levels of 250-mg/kg, 500-mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. There is a dose-dependent increase in the ulcer protective action of the extract. Conclusion: The present study with extract of C. longa revealed its anti-ulcer activity.

Gastroprotective Effects of Dregea sinensis Hemsl. (Daibaijie) Against Aspirin-induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Gastroprotective Effects of Dregea sinensis Hemsl. (Daibaijie) Against Aspirin-induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Comparative efficacy of chamomile against omeprazole in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of chamomile versus omeprazole in the treatment of aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Animals were randomly assigned into three groups A, B and C (n = 10 each). Aspirin (200 mg/kg, intragastric (i.g.)) was administered for three consecutive days, and then, two animals from each group were euthanized and formed the aspirin-induced gastric ulcer control group. The remaining animals (n = 8 in each group) were administered with the following treatments: normal saline 9 % (0/5 mL, i.g.) (group A), omeprazole (2.3 mg/kg, i.p.) (group B) or chamomile decoction (25 mL/kg, i.g.) (group C) daily for 2 weeks. Histological analysis of tissue harvested from rats in groups B and C showed no significant difference, since ulcers in both treatment groups were completely cured. The results of this study suggest that chamomile could be used for the treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced ulcers as an inexpensive alternative to omeprazole.

Evaluation of antiulcer activity of indole-3-carbinol and/or omeprazole on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats

The present work is an attempt to elucidate the antiulcer activity of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), which is one of the anticarcinogenic phytochemicals found in the vegetables of Cruciferae family such as broccoli and cauliflower, alone or in combination with omeprazole (OMP), a proton pump inhibitor, to diminish the effects of induced acute gastric ulcer by aspirin (ASA) in male albino rats. A total of 48 adult male albino rats were used in the present study. Animals were divided into eight experimental groups (six animals each group). They were given different experimental inductions of ASA at a dose of 500 mg/kg/body weight, OMP at a dose of 20 mg/kg/body weight and I3C at a dose of 20 mg/kg/body weight either alone or in combination with each other orally for a duration of 7 days. Inner stomach features, ulcer index, pH activity, body weight, stomach weight, hematological investigations, serum total protein albumin and reduced glutathione activity were investigated in addition to the histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical stain of cyclooxygenase-2 to the stomach tissue of normal control, ulcerated and treated ulcerated rats. The results of this study revealed that oral administration of ASA to rats produced the expected characteristic mucosal lesions. OMP accelerated ulcer healing but the administration of I3C either alone or in combination with OMP to ASA-ulcerated rats produced a profound protection to the gastric mucosa from injury induced by ASA. Our results suggested that administration of antiulcer natural substances such as I3C in combination with the perused treatment such as OMP is a very important initiative in the development of new strategies in ulcer healing.

A Possible Role for Gastroprotectives on Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Background: Gastric ulcer is a discontinuity in the gastric mucosa that occurs due to imbalance between gastric mucosal protective factors and aggressive factors. The Aim of the present work was to test and compare the protective effects of an antisecretory H 2 receptor blocker; ranitidine and other recently suggested gastroprotective drugs: L-arginine; a precursor of NO, zinc sulfate; an anti-inflammatory antioxidant agent and pioglitazone; a PPAR-g agonist, on a rat model of aspirin induced gastric ulcer. Methods: Acute gastric lesion was induced in rats by a single oral dose of aspirin 300mg/ kg body weight. L-arginine 200mg / kg b. wt, zinc sulfate 80 mg/ kg b. wt, and pioglitazone 10 mg / kg b. wt. were given alone and in combination with ranitidine 50 mg / kg b. wt for 3 days before induction of gastric lesion. Results: Aspirin induced a significant increase in gastric mucosal lesion score and free and total gastric hydrochloric acid with a significant decrease in gastric nitric oxide and mucin levels as compared to normal group. A significant increase in gastric malondialdhyde and decrease in reduced glutathione as compared to normal group. L-arginine, zinc sulfate, and pioglitazone produced improvement of most of the measured parameters as compared to non-treated group. Combination of L-arginine and ranitidine was superior in prophylaxis against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer when compared to the effects of each drug used individually, and the other studied combinations. Conclusion: The role of HCl and NO seems more important in the pathogenesis of aspirin induced gastric ulcer, as evidenced by the better protective effects of combination of ranitidine and L-arginine in comparison to the ranitidine with either zinc sulfate or pioglitazone.

Effects of Nicorandil on Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: A Possible Role of KATP Channels

The anti-ulcer effects of nicorandil [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide nitrate ester] were examined on water-immersion plus restraint stress-induced and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats, compared with those of cimetidine. Nicorandil (3 and 10 mg/kg) given orally to rats dose-dependently inhibited the development of acid-related damage (water-immersion- and aspirin-induced gastric lesions) in the models. Cimetidine (50 mg/kg, p.o.) also had anti-ulcer effects in the same models. However, in the presence of glibenclamide (20 mg/kg, i.v.), an antagonist of KATP channels, nicorandil did not inhibit the formation of gastric lesions. Nicorandil (10 mg/kg) given intraduodenally (i.d.), like cimetidine (50 mg/kg), significantly reduced the volume of the gastric content, total acidity and total acid output in the pylorus ligation model. Glibenclamide reversed the changes caused by i.d. nicorandil. I.v. infusion of nicorandil (20 μg/kg per min) significantly increased gastric mucosal blood flow, without affecting blood pressure and heart rate, but the increase in the blood flow was not observed after i.v. treatment with glibenclamide (20 mg/kg). These results indicate that nicorandil administered orally to rats produces the anti-ulcer effect by reducing the aggressive factors and by enhancing the defensive process in the mucosa through its KATP-channel-opening property.

Anti-ulcerogenic evaluation of the methanolic extracts of some indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan in aspirin-ulcerated rats

Anti-ulcerogenic activity of the methanolic extracts of 4 medicinal plants were studied in aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Their effects on the volume of gastric juice secreted, acid output, peptic activity, mucin activity and curative ratio were recorded. Bauhinia racemosa (flower buds) decreased the ulcer index significantly, and Moringa pterygosperma (flower buds) showed some decrease in the ulcer index. Trianthema pentandra (whole plant) did not show any decrease in the acid or pepsin content or any increase in mucin; however, it showed a highly significant decrease in the ulcer index. Cordia latifolia (ripened fruit) did not however decrease the ulcer index.

Studies on Antiulcer Agents. I. Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of Ethyl 2-((1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfinylmethyl)-4-dimethylamino-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate, a New H+/K+-ATPase Inhibitor Possessing Mucosal Protective Activity.

Ethyl 2-[1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfinylmethyl]-4-dimethylamino-5- pyrimidinecarboxylate (2) has been synthesized and evaluated for antiulcer properties. Compound 2 is a H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor that affords mucosal protection against absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats after oral and parenteral administrations. On the other hand, omeprazole, a representative H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, showed mucosal protective action only after oral administration, indicating that it required gastric acid secretion to generate activity. The antiulcer activity of 2 in animal models, such as water-immersion stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats and acidified aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats, was three times higher than that of cimetidine.

Evaluation op the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Solanum nigrum, Brassica oleracea and Ocimum basilicum in rats

Antiulcerogenic activities of three plant drugs were studied against aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. In addition, their effects on output of gastric acid and pepsin and hexosamine concentrations in gastric fluid were recorded in ulcerated and non-ulcerated rats. Solanum nigrum (aerial parts) powder and its methanolic extract decreased the ulcer index significantly. The activity may be due to inhibition of acid and pepsin secretions and/or their in vitro ability to bind these. Brassica oleracea (leaf) powder did not affect the ulcer index significantly but its aqueous extract lowered the index and increased hexosamine levels, suggesting gastric mucosal protection. Ocimum basilicum (aerial parts) powder and its aqueous and methanolic extracts decreased the index. Moreover, the acid output was decreased by its methanolic extract while hexosamine secretion was enhanced. This suggests that its antiulcerogenic effect is due to decreases of acid and pepsin outputs which enhance gastric mucosal strength. The reference drug gefarnate decreased the ulcer index by increasing the hexosamine level only. Cimetidine inhibited the acid production but did not decrease the ulcer index.

EFFECTS OF THE ANTIULCER DRUG GERANYLGERANYLACETONE ON ASPIRIN-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERS IN RATS

Antiulcer effects of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) on aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats were studied, comparing them with those of gefarnate. The oral administration of GGA prevented the development of gastric ulcer induced by a single or repeated oral administration (5 consecutive days.) of aspirin. The effects of GGA were more potent and more definite than those of gefarnate. The intraduodenal administration of GGA, but not the intragastrical administration, also inhibited the ulceration induced by aspirin in pylorus-ligated rats, while the intraduodenal administration of gefarnate did not. GGA prevented the reduction of the H+ concentration and the increment of Na+ concentration in the gastric juice induced by aspirin. In addition, the decrease of hexosamine content in the gastric mucosa induced by aspirin was restored to a normal level by GGA, but not by gefarnate. From these results, it was concluded that the protective actions of GGA on aspirin-induced gastric ulcers might be due to its protection from the weakening of gastric mucosal resistances.

The effect of a traditional preparation of copper, tamrabhasma, on experimental ulcers and gastric secretion

Use of a traditional preparation of copper, tamrabhasma, has been suggested in Ayurvedic texts for peptic ulcer. The anti-ulcerogenic effect of copper per se has not been reported in the literature. In the present study the anti-ulcerogenic effect of tamrabhasma was observed in 8-h immobilised, 4-h pylorus-ligated, and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The anti-ulcerogenic effect of the drug was also studied in histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in male guinea pigs. The minimal oral effective anti-ulcerogenic dose of tamrabhasma has been determined to be 1 mg kg . The drug in this dose caused a decrease in the total acid and pepsin output and an increase in the carbohydrate/protein ratio, indicating increased mucus secretion in the gastric secretion of rats. Acute (1 g kg , orally) and sub-acute (100 mg kg , orally, for 7 days) toxicity studies did not show any toxicity including any histological or biochemical evidence of liver or kidney toxicity. The results of the present experimental studies thus lend credence to the suggested use of tamrabhasma in amplapitta, a condition resembling peptic ulcer.

Effects of ranitidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on histamine- and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats and dogs (author's transl)

Male donryu rats (200-220 g) and mongrel dogs of both sexes (7-20 kg) were used. Histamine-induced ulcers: Histamine 2HCl (100 mg/kg) was given i.p. to 24 hr-fasted rats and the animals were killed 4 hr later. Histamine 2HCl in beeswax (20 mg/kg) was given i.m. to dogs once daily for 5 days and the animals were killed on the 6th day. Aspirin-induced ulcers: Aspirin (100 mg/kg) was given p.o. to the 24 hr-fasted rats and dogs twice (15 h apart) and the animals were killed 9 hr after the second administration of aspirin. Either the length (mm) or ares (mm2) of each ulcer was measured, summed, and used as an ulcer index. Cimetidine and gefarnate were used as reference drugs. Ranitidine dose-dependently inhibited both histamine- and aspirin-induced ulcers in rats and dogs. On the basis of ED50, the antiulcer effect of ranitidine on histamine-induced ulcers was about two times (in rats) or 9 times (in dogs) more potent than cimetidine. However, the antiulcer effect of ranitidine on aspirin-induced ulcers was 1.7 times more potent than cimetidine (in rats) or almost equal (in dogs) to cimetidine. Gefarnate had an insignificant effect on both histamine- and aspirin-induced ulcers.