Aspiration Pump Research Articles

Cyclic Aspiration in Mechanical Thrombectomy: Influencing Factors and Experimental Validation.

Mechanical thrombectomy is a fundamental intervention for acute ischemic stroke treatment. While conventional techniques are effective, cyclic aspiration (CyA) shows potential for better recanalization rates. We aim to investigate factors affecting CyA and compare them with static aspiration (StA). StA setup consisted of an aspiration pump connected to pressure transducer. CyA was tested with 5 subsequent iterations: single solenoid valve with air plus saline (i1) or saline alone (i2) as aspiration medium; 2 solenoid valves with air plus saline (i3) as aspiration medium; complete air removal and saline feeding (i4); and pressurized saline feeding (i5). To assess the efficacy of clot ingestion, the pressure transducer was replaced with a distal aspiration catheter. Moderately stiff clot analogs (15 mm) were used to investigate the ingestion quantified as clot relative weight loss. Additionally, the aspiration flow rate was assessed for each setup. With CyA i1, the amplitude of the achieved negative pressure waves declined with increasing frequencies but progressively increased with each subsequent iteration, achieving a maximum amplitude of 81 kPa for i5 at 1 Hz. Relative clot weight loss was significantly higher with i5 at 5 Hz than with StA (100% versus 37.8%; P = .05). Aspiration flow rate was lower with CyA than with StA (i5 at 5 Hz: 199.8 mL/min versus StA: 311 mL/min; P < .01). CyA with the appropriate setup may represent an encouraging innovation in mechanical thrombectomy, offering a promising pathway for improving efficacy in clot ingestion and recanalization. The observed benefits warrant confirmation in a clinical setting.

Technology Advance: Embolic Protection, Heart Failure, and Artificial Intelligence

IN a highly interesting session delivered at the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EuroPCR) congress 2023, experts presented and discussed a range of exciting new technologies. Specifically, embolic protection devices, a clot aspiration pump, and a device that scores calcified aortic valves were presented, along with an intelligent conversational transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) agent. Chaim Lotan, Chief Innovation Officer, Hadassah Medical Centre, Israel, chaired the session, encouraging thought provoking discussion surrounding the application of these technologies within the field of interventional cardiology.

Endovascular Transcarotid Artery Revascularization Using the Walrus Balloon Guide Catheter: Preliminary Experience

The Walrus Balloon Guided System Catheter is a new generation of balloon guide catheter (BGC) designed to bypass some technical limitations of conventional BGC devices. Their utility in cervical carotid disease treatment has not been reported. We report our preliminary experience in cervical carotid treatment using the Walrus BGC to perform a modified endovascular transcarotid artery revascularization technique. Patients with cervical carotid disease undergoing endovascular treatment using the Walrus BGC at our institution were identified. The pertinent baseline demographics and procedural outcomes were collected and analyzed. Twelve patients were included (median age, 70; 58.3% females). All patients had an imaging-confirmed cervical carotid disease that indicated intervention: 6 with high-grade cervical arteriosclerotic carotid stenosis, 2 with intraluminal thrombi, 1 with traumatic carotid dissection, and 3 patients with cervical carotid tandem occlusion along with acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion that required mechanical thrombectomy. Carotid artery stenting was performed in all cases, except 2 of the 3 mechanical thrombectomy cases (angioplasty only). All patients had at least periprocedural follow-up of 30 days, with no stroke, myocardial infarction, or death encountered. We describe a modified endovascular transcarotid artery revascularization technique. We used a standard femoral access to navigate the Walrus catheter in the common carotid artery, followed by balloon inflation for proximal flow arrest or flow reversal (when connected to the aspiration pump) to deploy the carotid stent across the stenosis, while avoiding distal external carotid artery balloon occlusion. Successful treatment was achieved inall cases, with no periprocedural complications encountered.

Achievable aspiration flow rates with large balloon guide catheters during carotid artery stenting

BackgroundEmergency carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a frequent endovascular procedure, especially in combination with intracranial thrombectomy. Balloon guide catheters are frequently used in these procedures. Our aim was to determine if mechanical aspiration through the working lumen of a balloon occlusion catheter during the steps of a carotid stenting procedure achieve flow rates that may lead to internal carotid artery (ICA) flow reversal which consecutively may prevent distal embolism.MethodsAspiration experiments were conducted using a commercially available aspiration pump. Aspiration flow rates/min with 6 different types of carotid stents inserted into a balloon guide catheter were measured. Measurements were repeated three times with increasing pressure in the phantom. To determine if the achieved aspiration flow rates were similar to physiologic values, flow rates in the ICA and external carotid artery (ECA) in 10 healthy volunteers were measured using 4D-flow MRI.ResultsAspiration flow rates ranged from 25 to 82 mL/min depending on the stent model. The pressure in the phantom had a significant influence on the aspiration volume. Mean blood flow volumes in volunteers were 210 mL/min in the ICA and 101 mL/min in the ECA.ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, flow reversal in the ICA during common carotid artery occlusion is most likely achieved with the smallest diameter stent sheath and the stent model with the shortest outer stent sheath maximum diameter. This implies that embolic protection during emergency CAS through aspiration is most effective with these models.

A technical comparison of thrombectomy vacuum aspiration systems

IntroductionImproved functional outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy for emergent large vessel occlusion depend on expedient reperfusion after clinical presentation. Device technology has improved substantially over the years, and several commercial options...

Daft (dual aspiration and fluff technique) for stent retrievers in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion: A successful new technique for early recanalisation

Newer techniques of thrombectomy are evolving for early and effective recanalisation. We evaluated the efficacy of new DAFT (Dual Aspiration and Fluff Technique) in the treatment of acute stroke with large vessel occlusion. We retrospectively reviewed the 23 patients with acute large vessel occlusion using a new DAFT technique. We used dual aspiration pump at both 5 MAX ACE aspiration and Neuron MAX 088 6F catheter along with stent retriever. Patients’ demographic profile and time determining factors like puncture to recanalisation time, pass required, reperfusion grade and mRS at 90 days was noted. Informed consent was taken in all the patients. First-pass mTICI 3 reperfusion was achieved in 18 out of 23 patients (78%) with a mean groin puncture to reperfusion time of 39.0min ± 12 and mTICI 3 was accomplished in 19 out of 23 cases (82%) with a maximum of 3 attempts. Successful reperfusion (mTICI ≥ 2b) was achieved in 21 patients (91.30%) with a mean time from groin puncture to reperfusion of 45min ± 20.3. At presentation, the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 12 and favourable clinical outcome at discharge by the modified Rankin score (mRS ≤ 2) was achieved in 14 out of 23 patients (61%). Ninety days follow up was completed in 18 patients with 16 patients (88.89%) showing favourable outcome. This is significant compared to other conventional techniques. DAFT is an effective technique in for early complete reperfusion in patients with LVO.

Aspiration Catheter Reach to Thrombus (ART) Sign in Combined Technique for Mechanical Thrombectomy: Impact for First-Pass Complete Reperfusion

Objective: The important factor for successful first-pass complete reperfusion (FPR) after combined techniques for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is unclear. We consider that for successful FPR, the aspiration catheter (AC) should reach to and hold the thrombus before the device is pulled out. Therefore, we defined an ART (AC reached thrombus) sign characterized by the cessation of reverse blood flow in aspiration pump and deformation of stent retriever (SR) at the tip of AC. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of the ART sign on the outcomes of the combined techniques. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2015 and September 2018 on the data of consecutive patients who underwent MT for anterior circulation stroke using both SR and AC at the first-pass procedure. We divided the patients into 2 groups based on whether the first-pass procedure achieved the ART sign (ARTs group) or not (Non-ARTs group). The primary endpoint was FPR defined as modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score of 3. Results: Sixty-six patients were included in our study (n = 38, ARTs group; n = 28, Non-ARTs group). There were no differences at mTICI 2b/3 (97.3% versus 89.2%, P = .30), but the FPR and mTICI3 were more common in the ARTs group (81.5% versus 14.2%, P < .001; and 89.4% versus 32.1%, P < .001, respectively). Conclusions: ART sign in combined technique was found to be an important factor for successful FPR.

Force and aspiration on catheters utilized in the ADAPT technique in acute ischemic stroke: A bench top analysis

IntroductionGiven the high morbidity and mortality of stroke, there remains a demand for techniques that provide rapid and safe intervention while improving time to recanalization. The direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) uses force and aspiration for clot removal without the aid of separators or retrievers. In this study, we compare the force and aspiration qualities of commercially available catheters. MethodsFour different catheters with varying inner diameters were set up in a bench top model to test catheter tip pressure and flow rate. Catheter tip pressure was measured by attaching the catheter to a vacuum pressure gauge and an aspiration pump. The flow rate was calculated by measuring the volume of room temperature water aspirated through each catheter over a given time. ResultsThe Microvention Sofia catheter generated the greatest tip force (21.32 g), and the Stryker AXS Catalyst 6 catheter generated the smallest tip force (15.88 g). The Penumbra ACE 068 catheter and Medtronic ARC catheter measured 20.87 g and 16.78 g respectively. The ACE 068 had highest rate of aspiration at 289 mL/min, and the Catalyst 6 catheter had the lowest rate at 214. The Microvention Sofia catheter had the second highest rate while the ARC had the third highest rate, measuring 285 mL/min and 256 mL/min, respectively. ConclusionsWhen using the ADAPT technique, knowledge of the tip force and catheter flow rate of newer catheters with larger distal inner diameters may guide selection of aspiration catheters. While this study demonstrates differences in tip force and flow rate of different commercially available catheters, clinical translation will require further testing and evaluation.

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest For Patients With and Without ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: Outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remain poor, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may have prognostic benefit in patients with a culprit coronary lesion. We aimed to describe outcomes among patients undergoing PCI following OHCA and the effect of ST-elevation myocardial infarction on outcome. Methods: Data were prospectively collected on 1,047 consecutive PCI procedures following OHCA at six Victorian public hospitals from 2005 to 2017. Patients were divided into those with STEMI (OHCA-S) and those without (OHCA-NS). Outcomes were compared against patients with STEMI only without OHCA (n = 9,694). Results: OHCA-S patients were younger and the treated lesion was more commonly occluded at time of PCI (63% vs 22%, p < 0.001). GP-IIb/IIIa antagonists, thrombus aspiration and intra-aortic balloon pump insertion were more frequently used for OHCA-S (p < 0.01). Cardiogenic shock (CS) was present in 47% of OHCA-S and 29% of OHCA-NS (p < 0.001). 30-day mortality was 34% for the OHCA-S and 18% for the OHCA-NS group. However, OHCA-S and OHCA-NS had similar long-term outcomes to the STEMI only group if they survived to 30-days. Multivariable predictors for 30-day mortality after PCI for OHCA were diabetes, impaired renal or LV function, and CS.Tabled 1OHCA w STEMIOHCA w/out STEMIn = 840n = 207p-value30-Day Mortality, n (%)282 (33.6)37 (17.9)<0.00112-Month Mortality, n (%)292 (34.8)38 (18.4)<0.001NDI-Linked Mortality, n(%)344 (41.3)53 (25.6)<0.001NDI Follow-up (days), mean ± SD1,082 ± 11981,221 ± 11030.12 Open table in a new tab Conclusions: PCI following OHCA has a high 30-day mortality, with worse outcomes among patients with STEMI. Beyond 30-days, long-term outcomes are similar to uncomplicated STEMI cohorts.

Necessary Catheter Diameters for Mechanical Thrombectomy with ADAPT.

Large-bore catheters allow mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke by engaging and retrieving clots without additional devices (direct aspiration first-pass technique [ADAPT]). The purpose of this study was to establish a model for minimal catheter diameters needed for ADAPT. We established a theoretic model for the calculation of minimal catheter diameters needed for ADAPT. We then verified its validity in 28 ADAPT maneuvers in a porcine in vivo model. To account for different mechanical thrombectomy techniques, we factored in ADAPT with/without a hypothetic 0.021-inch microcatheter or 0.014-inch microwire inside the lumen of the aspiration catheter and aspiration with a 60-mL syringe versus an aspiration pump. According to our calculations, catheters with an inner diameter of >0.040 inch and >0.064 inch, respectively, are needed to be effective in the middle cerebral artery (2.5-mm diameter) or in the internal carotid artery (4 mm) in an average patient. There was a significant correlation between predicted and actual thrombectomy results (P = .010). Our theoretic model had a positive and negative predictive value of 78% and 79%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were 88% and 64%, respectively. Our theoretic model allows estimating the minimal catheter diameters needed for successful mechanical thrombectomy with ADAPT, as demonstrated by the good agreement with our animal experiments. Our model will be helpful to interventionalists in avoiding selecting catheters that are likely too small to be effective.

Initial clinical experience using the two-stage aspiration technique (TSAT) with proximal flow arrest by a balloon guiding catheter for acute ischemic stroke of the anterior circulation

BackgroundOur initial experience using the two-stage aspiration technique (TSAT) with proximal flow arrest by a balloon guiding catheter is presented. In TSAT, aspiration is applied with the 5MAX ACE and...

Impact of Estimated Effect of Driver on Lattice Model Optimized State of Cooperated Drive under Traffic Flow

This paper puts forward vehicle-mounted drunk drive-forbidding intelligent management system based on GPS/GSM. Based on traditional vehicle-mounted expiration-type anti-drunk driving ignition blocking device, new-type active and secure products in automotive electronic field are designed. Based on electronic nose theory, home-made alcohol detection module calculates and disposes detection signal of several ethanol sensors through fusion algorithm of neural network. After that, it works out alcohol concentration by quantification and enhances detection precision of alcohol. System adopts minitype aspirator pump to quickly guide expiration to alcohol detection module, avoiding blowpipe and improving speedability and convenience of detection. Application of GPS/GSM technology realizes the transmission of vehicle locating information, car owner’ information and drunk driving information. Through base station of traffic police, received information can be real-time displayed and stored in database, which realizes intelligent management.

The use of different aerators on Litopenaeus vannamei biofloc culture system: effects on water quality, shrimp growth and biofloc composition

This study evaluated the effects of different aeration types on water quality, shrimp growth and biofloc composition in a Litopenaeus vannamei culture. The study was conducted with three treatments: (1) PR—propeller aspirator pump aerator; (2) VP—vertical pump aerator; and (3) BL—diffused air blower. The study was performed in a greenhouse with nine 35,000-L rectangular tanks. Water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, settleable and suspended solids) were measured along the 33 experimental days. Moreover, samples were collected to quantify the microorganisms present in the tanks. At the end of the study, samples of the biofloc of each tank were collected to proximal analysis. Throughout the experiment, the temperature, pH, salinity and alkalinity were maintained within the recommended levels for L. vannamei. The propeller treatment showed a concentration of total ammonia above the recommended levels and lower densities of ciliates and flagellates, most likely because of inadequate biofloc formation in this treatment. The final weight was higher in the blower and propeller treatments. However, survival was lower in the propeller treatment compared to the other treatments. The results of this study suggest that diffused air systems (air blower) improve the formation of biofloc and growth performance of L. vannamei.

Current Thoughts on Fat Grafting: Using the Evidence to Determine Fact or Fiction.

Autologous fat grafting is an increasingly popular procedure used for facial rejuvenation and body contouring. The purpose of this article is to perform an evidence-based review to determine fact from fiction for the hot topics in autologous fat grafting. A comprehensive literature search was performed. The following key words were then searched: "fat grafting," "autologous fat grafting," "autologous fat transfer," "lipotransfer," "liposculping," and "lipofilling." The authors then assessed each modality individually for the level of evidence that exists and whether the majority of evidence supports or refutes it. A review of the literature demonstrated that there is no standard test for determining fat viability or volume augmentation after grafting. Furthermore, there is no difference in cell viability seen between syringe aspiration and liposuction pump aspiration harvest techniques (Level II). The decision to wash or centrifuge the fat plays very little role in fat graft survival (Level III). There is no difference between cell viability as a function of harvest location (Level IV). Nearly all studies show no significant effect of local anesthesia on adipocyte cells (Level IV). There are excellent data that support the fact that low-shear devices maintain fat structural integrity (Level IV). There is quality evidence that supports longevity of fat grafted to the breast (Level III). Two studies support large-volume fat grafting longevity but fail to prove their results using objective measures or with sufficiently large sample sizes (Level IV). External preexpansion devices improve total graft survival rate (Level IV). There is quality evidence to support that fat should be injected soon after harvesting, as properties of fat begin to change after processing (Level IV). Microneedling (preconditioning) before fat grafting has been demonstrated to improve fat survival (Level III). Currently, the highest levels of evidence derive from human studies of clinical trials and animal studies using human fat. The evidence presented here helps to address the need for accurate and quantitative viability assays. These assays would facilitate a systematic evaluation of each procedural step during fat graft harvest, processing, and grafting to improve the overall viability and predictability of fat grafts.

A Standardized Method for the Preparation of a Gas Phase Extract of Cigarette Smoke.

The gas phase of cigarette smoke is important from the viewpoint of human health, because it can pass through alveolar epithelium and enter the circulation. There is no standard method for the preparation of a gas phase extract of cigarette smoke (CSE), although CSE is widely used for research instead of whole cigarette smoke. We have established a standard method for the preparation of CSE. One cigarette per trial is continuously combusted under a reduced pressure generated by an aspiration pump with a velocity of 1.050 L/min: the main stream of the smoke is passed through a Cambridge filter to remove tar, and subsequently, bubbled through a glass ball filter (pore size, 20-30 µm) into 15 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). To express the concentration of CSE, a virtual tar concentration is introduced, which is calculated assuming that tar trapped on the Cambridge filter is dissolved in the PBS. CSEs prepared from smaller numbers of cigarettes (original virtual tar concentration≤15 mg/mL) show similar concentration-response curves for cytotoxicity versus virtual tar concentrations. CSEs prepared from various brands of cigarettes and by different smoking regimes (continuous and puff smoking) show similar cytotoxic potency if the virtual tar concentrations are the same. In conclusion, using the standardized method for CSE preparation in combination with the virtual tar concentration, it becomes possible to simply and rapidly prepare standard CSEs with defined concentrations from any brand of cigarettes, which are toxicologically equivalent to CSE prepared by puff smoking.

Two-Dimensional Cutting (TDC) Vitrectome: In Vitro Flow Assessment and Prospective Clinical Study Evaluating Core Vitrectomy Efficiency versus Standard Vitrectome.

Purpose. To evaluate comparative aspiration flow performance and also vitrectomy operating time efficiency using a double-cutting open port vitreous cutting system incorporated in a two-dimensional cutting (TDC, DORC International) vitrectome design versus standard vitreous cutter. Methods. In vitro investigations compared aspiration flow rates in artificial vitreous humor at varying cutter speeds and vacuum levels using a TDC vitrectome and a standard vitrectome across different aspiration pump systems. A prospective single-centre clinical study evaluated duration of core vitrectomy in 80 patients with macular pucker undergoing 25-gauge or 27-gauge vitrectomy using either a TDC vitrectome at 16,000 cuts per minute (cpm) or standard single-cut vitrectome, combined with a Valve Timing intelligence (VTi) pump system (EVA, DORC International). Results. Aspiration flow rates remained constant independent of TDC vitrectome cut rate, while flow rates decreased linearly at higher cutter speeds using a classic single-blade vitrectome. Mean duration of core vitrectomy surgeries using a TDC vitreous cutter system was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter than the mean duration of core vitrectomy procedures using a single-cut vitrectome of the same diameter (reduction range, 34%–50%). Conclusion. Vitrectomy surgery performed using a TDC vitrectome was faster than core vitrectomy utilizing a standard single-action vitrectome at similar cut speeds.

CO2-metabolism in early tetrapods revisited: inferences from osteological correlates of gills, skin and lung ventilation in the fossil record

One of the most important physiological changes during the conquest of land by vertebrates was the increasing reliance on lung breathing, with the concomitant decrease in importance of gill breathing. The main problem involved here was to cope with the excessive accumulation of CO2 in the body and to avoid respiratory acidosis. In the past, several often mutually contradicting hypotheses of CO2-elimination via skin, lungs and gills in early tetrapods have been proposed, based on theoretical physiological considerations and comparison with extant air-breathing fishes and amphibians. This study proposes a revised scenario of CO2-elimination in early tetrapods based on fossil evidence, that is recently identified osteological correlates of gills, skin structure and mode of lung ventilation. In stem tetrapods of the Devonian and Carboniferous, O2-uptake via the lungs by buccal pumping was decoupled from CO2-release via internal gills, and the rather gas-impermeable skin played a minor role in gaseous exchange. The two main lineages of crown-group tetrapods, the amphibian and amniote lineage, used different strategies of CO2-elimination. As in stem tetrapods, O2-uptake and CO2-release remained always largely decoupled in temnospondyls, which ventilated their lungs via buccal pumping and relied mainly on their internal gills for CO2-release. Temnospondyls were not able to reduce their internal gills before their skin became more gas permeable and their body size was reduced, to shift from internal gills to the skin as the major site of CO2-elimination, a pattern that is retained in most lissamphibians. In contrast, internal gills were lost very early in stem amniote evolution. This was associated with the evolution of the more effective aspiration pump that allowed the elimination of the bulk of CO2 via the lungs, leading to a coupled O2-uptake and CO2-loss in stem amniotes and later in amniotes.

Techniques and Outcomes in Fat Grafting

BACKGROUND: Autologous fat grafting is an increasingly popular procedure used for facial rejuvenation and body contouring. Fat grafting has been criticized for having inconsistent graft survival and seemingly surgeon-dependent outcomes. The purpose of this abstract is to perform an evidence-based review to determine fact from fiction for the hot topics in autologous fat grafting. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the following databases: the Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials (CEN-TRAL), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE , Ovid CINAHL and Google Scholar. The following key words were then searched: “fat grafting”, “autologous fat grafting”, “autologous fat transfer.” We then assessed each modality individually, from relevant articles, for the level of evidence that exists and whether the majority of evidence supports or refutes it. RESULTS: A review of the literature demonstrated there is no standard test for determining fat viability or volume augmentation after grafting. Furthermore, there is no difference in cell viability seen between syringe aspiration and liposuction pump aspiration harvest techniques (Level II). The decision to wash or centrifuge the fat plays very little role in fat graft survival (Level III). There is no difference between cell viability as a function of harvest location (Level IV). Nearly all studies show no significant effect of local anesthesia on adipocyte cells (Level IV). There is excellent data that supports the fact that low-shear devices maintain fat structural integrity (Level IV). There is quality evidence that support longevity of fat grafted to the breast (Level II/III). Multiple studies support that large volume fat grafting maintains it longevity (Level III). External pre-expansion devices improves total graft survival rate (Level IV). There is quality evidence to support that fat should be injected soon after harvesting, as properties of fat begin to change after processing (Level IV). Micro needling (pre-conditioning) prior to fat grafting has been demonstrated to improve fat survival (Level III). CONCLUSION: Currently the highest levels of evidence derive from human studies of clinical trials and animal studies using human fat. The evidence presented here helps to address the need for accurate and quantitative viability assays. These assays would facilitate a systematic evaluation of each procedural step during fat graft harvest, processing, and grafting in order to improve the overall viability and predictability of fat grafts.

A new vacuum membrane distillation system using an aspirator: concept modeling and optimization

The aim of this study is to validate and optimize a new concept of implementing an aspirator as the vacuum generator for a vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) setup. Numerical models are developed for the aspirator, and its interconnectivity with the VMD chamber is demonstrated. A correlation to estimate the minimum aspirator pump size for a given permeate mass flow is deduced from these models. The dependence of the system’s specific power consumption (per unit permeate flow) on the feed flow rate, number of membrane sheets in the VMD module, and vacuum pressure is investigated. The gained output ratio (GOR) of the proposed system is comparable (GOR ≈ 0.8) to conventional single-stage VMD with a vacuum pump, if brine heat is recovered using a regenerator to preheat the incoming feed. The theoretical power requirement for a vacuum pump is lower than that used by the aspirator system, if all vapor is condensed and only non-condensable gasses are removed by the vacuum pump. At lower vapor pressures, when complete condensation is difficult, the vacuum pump power consumption is comparable to that of the aspirator system if about 60% of the vapor produced reaches the vacuum pump.

Force and aspiration analysis of the ADAPT technique in acute ischemic stroke treatment

IntroductionThe development of new revascularization devices has significantly improved recanalization rates and time to reperfusion. A direct aspiration first-pass (ADAPT) technique for stroke thrombectomy was recently shown to be an...