This article studies the low-temperature anti-cracking properties of plain asphalt mixtures and rubber-modified asphalt mixtures at different aging condition. Laboratory flexural test was conducted on the beam specimens of plain asphalt mixtures and rubber-modified asphalt mixtures. Experiment results indicate that rubber-modified asphalt mixtures have superior low-temperature anti-cracking performance than that of plain asphalt mixtures. Compared with the short term oven aging test, the long term oven aging test has more significant effect on the low-temperature anti-cracking of the mixture. In order to better represent the low-temperature anti-cracking of in-service aging asphalt pavement, the long term oven aging test should be used to appraise the low-temperature anti-cracking of asphalt pavements in china.