Albedo is an important indicator of the radiation reflectance of pavement surface and commonly measured using the field albedometer. In this study, factors affecting the field measurement of albedo including solar radiation intensity, incident angle and surrounding conditions were investigated. A new albedometer for laboratory testing of albedo and internal temperature at different depths in compacted asphalt mixture/Portland cement concrete (PCC) slabs was developed to overcome the negative effects of field measurements. Laboratory measurements of albedo were performed on three types of asphalt mixture (e.g. AC-13, SMA-13 and OGFC-13) and PCC with different surface textures using the developed albedometer. Three types of coating materials were prepared by mixing base material of transparent epoxy glue and the filler of Nano-TiO2, Micro-TiO2 and Nano-ZnO, respectively. The albedo and internal temperature of asphalt mixtures with coating materials were also measured and compared to those without coating materials. Results show that the developed laboratory albedometer can synchronously measure the accurate albedo and internal temperature of pavement materials. The albedo of three types of asphalt mixtures have a range of 5.46%–6.11%, while the albedo of PCC with different surface textures ranges from 22.8% to 26.4%. The gradation of asphalt mixture has little impact on the albedo. Rougher PCC surface reflect less solar radiation and produce a higher internal temperature. The filler of Micro-TiO2 in pavement coating has the better reflectance than Nano-TiO2 and Nano-ZnO.