Aspects Of Worldview Research Articles

Liaudies religingumas ir šventųjų kultas Lietuvos kaimo kultūroje XXI a. pr.

The article discusses the issue of folk religion and the cult of saints in Lithuanian rural culture at the beginning of the 21st century distinguished by respondents. The article discusses the most characteristic expressions of human religiosity such as visiting holy places, pilgrimage, personal home altars. Attention is paid to the prayers dedicated to the Saints. Ethnographic field research showed aspects of religious worldview of religious Lithuanians living in different ethnographic regions of Lithuania.

The Philosophy of Morality: Ukrainian Perspective

The article deals with the problems of historiosophy, whose subject matter is human andsocial world view, its historical, religious, intellectual, ethical and aesthetical aspects. Hencehistoriographical interpretation of the concept of morality, ethical criteria, and distinction betweenmorality and ethics. These issues are viewed from the perspective of spiritual morality. Assumingthat spiritual values affect deepest human feelings, our life principles and attitude to God in aspecial way , morality may be defined as the system of interrelationship among people, whichcomprises spiritual values, life experience, ways and traditions. Such an approach helps tocomprehend the degree to which spiritual values influence morality and religious views of theUkrainian people, the specific way in which the system of ethical values was built in the time of theMessianic Christianity. The formation of world view, morality and ethics is closely related to theissues of faith and social life, as well as to the development of the national philosophy andtheology, both in the past and nowadays; these processes and phenomena are a significant factor inthe way Ukrainians perceive themselves, the world around them and the Universe.

Profissionais e profissionalização em Tecnologia da Informação: indicativos de controvérsias e conflitos

As tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) são consideradas ubíquas e pervasivas em relação à vida humana. À luz dos modelos teóricos de profissionalização de Abbott (1988) e Freidson (1984), discute-se o processo de profissionalização em tecnologia da informação (TI) e o papel desempenhado pelos profissionais da área nesse processo. A literatura sobre sociologia das profissões e sobre profissionalização em TI é consultada em busca de resposta às questões: quem são os profissionais de TI? Como se dá a sua formação? Quais são os instrumentos de regulamentação da sua atuação? Controvérsias e conflitos são identificados e discutidos, com ênfase no ideário do "software livre"; na determinação da indústria sobre a ação profissional; nas relações de poder; na autorregulação da profissão; na participação dos profissionais de TI em novas profissões; em aspectos de personalidade, visão de mundo e cultura; no licenciamento para exercício profissional; no domínio do conhecimento e em aspectos de litígio. Proposições de pesquisa são oferecidas como contribuição ao aprofundamento de cada uma das controvérsias e conflitos discutidos.

Some reflections on existence and imagination in relation to interreligious dialogue and intercultural philosophy of religion

This article discusses notions of philosophical grammar, existence, imagination and reason in light of religious plurality in modernity and intercultural philosophy of religion. More specifically the first part of the article presents a model that aims to combine a central modern human experience – that there is a plurality of religious and non-religious ‘non-reducible’ ontologies and existential interpretations of them – with an awareness of the possibility of non-reductionist dialogical existential inter-subjectivity, specifically in relation to ontology, philosophy and religion. The second part of the article discusses briefly the definition of modernity as a global condition, and argues that the plurality of worldviews and a Kantian inspired focus on the individual's courage to use his or her own reason should be seen as central aspects of worldviews in modernity, but without the need necessarily to follow Kant's ‘universalistic’ approach to individuality. The third part of the article presents some views on ‘existence’ and ‘essence’ and how these notions are related in various ways to notions of imagination in some parts of the Muslim philosophical tradition. The fourth part of the article returns to the issue of how to conceive of what it means to be individual and the relation between the individual, communal reality and ontology.

Interdisciplinary Research between Theoretical Informatics and the Humanities

This paper focuses on the interdisciplinary research between Theoretical Informatics (TI) and the Humanities (philosophy, history, literature, etc.). There are five main sections: 1. A brief introduction to TI and its functions in the aspects of worldview and methodology, 2. An illustration of the problems associated with dualism as set out by Plato and René Descartes by means of a theoretical model of the mutual contact and interaction between the material world and the information world, 3. An explanation of the historical view of R. G. Collingwood through informationalism, 4. A discussion of the basic concepts for Humanistic Informatics which is under construction, and 5. A proposal of some approach to the new subject in information science.

Integrating the Study of Culture and Religion: Toward a Psychology of Worldview

AbstractWe propose a psychology of worldview as an integrative framework for the study of culture and religion. We propose six aspects of worldview, each influenced by national and religious cultures: ontology (existential beliefs), epistemology (what can be known and how one should reason), semiotics (language and symbols used to describe the world), axiology (proximate goals, values, and morals), teleology (ultimate goals and the afterlife consequences of action), and praxeology (proscriptions and prescriptions for behavior). More attention to worldview can help remedy a lack of attention to: (i) the mutual influences of these different kinds of cultures (including national and religious), (ii) trans‐national religious groups, (iii) non‐religious belief systems, and (iv) the psychological predictors of cultural conflict. Worldviews can predict both individual and group behaviors and, further, afford a more nuanced understanding of cultural and religious processes as well as providing a platform for interdisciplinary dialogue.

Implicit Aspects of Culture in Source and Target Language Contexts

In the context of Bible translation, the concept of implicit information has typically been constrained to cognitive information that was assumed to be known by the source language audience. In this article implicit information is expanded to include both source and target language contexts because the target audience also brings a wealth of information to the translation and interpretation of target language Scriptures. In addition, a prototypical model of culture is applied to more comprehensively explicate both surface and deep structural aspects of culture, i.e., knowledge, practices, beliefs, values, worldview, and image schema, that were either assumed by the original authors for their audience or are encountered in the interpretation by the target audience. A survey of “offline” author intrusive comments, mostly in the Gospels, suggests that the authors carefully gauged the cultural background of their audience, making explicit, as they deemed necessary, components of cultural knowledge, practices, beliefs and values. A selection of Bible translation issues from East African teams demonstrates that the target audience brings a rich cultural context to the target language Scriptures extending from surface cultural practices to deep structural components of worldview and image schema. The topic of implicit information is further investigated by comparing the perspective of two translation models, meaning-based translation practice and Relevance Theory. The somewhat overlapping technical vocabulary of explicatures and implicatures are contrasted including a comparative analysis of a biblical text. An attempt is made to broaden the scope of both models from cognitive processing of information to a more defendable incorporation of culture and its deep structure. For meaning-based translation practice, the concept of meaning should access the cultural deep structure underlying the source and target languages, which impact it. For Relevance Theory this means a consideration of inferences that are non-propositional—where cultural deep structure markedly influences cognitive effects. New definitions of explicatures and implicatures are proposed that incorporate surface to deep aspects of culture. Applications to translation training and practice are anticipated.

Darwin and the Detective: Aspects of the Darwinian Worldview and the Sherlock Holmes Stories of Arthur Conan Doyle

Darwin and the Detective: Aspects of the Darwinian Worldview and the Sherlock Holmes Stories of Arthur Conan Doyle

EUTHANASIA AS AN APPLIED PROBLEM OF THE MODERN ETHICS

Тhe essential features, philosophical and world-view aspects of euthanasia as an applied problem of the modern ethics are analyzed in the article.

Working with a Patient Claiming a Direct Relationship with God: Encountering Otherness

Although we expect to encounter otherness in the consulting room, some types of otherness are more difficult to encounter than others. Differing ethnicities, religions, lifestyles, or other aspects of worldview can bring us into uneasy alliance with the other, as we also encounter disowned or unclaimed aspects of self in this process. I will discuss some of my difficulties working with a man who was born into my own religion-thus offering some common heritage of world view-but subsequently adopted another religion with such intensity that his faith seemed to have psychotic aspects. I struggled to keep my bearings with a man who could at times be cogent, at other times seem quite crazy, and also struggled to keep in mind how prejudices in my own culture might skew my perspective such that intense faith and devoted adherence to scripture seems suspect rather than worthy of respect.

The Early Sartre and Marxism by Sam Coombes

MLR, 104.4, 2009 ii53 of poor proof-reading. Most regrettably of all, this study of the reading of a great nineteenth-century critic lacks the indispensable critical tool of a bibliography, leav ing readers to scrabble for references between the footnotes and an index of names. University of Leeds Rachel Killick The Early Sartre and Marxism. By Sam Coombes. Oxford and Bern: Peter Lang. 2008. 330 pp. ?40. ISBN 978-3-03911-115-2. It is commonly held that Sartre's work falls into two distinct parts, a non-Marxist existentialism' and aMarxist phase. This assumption is shared by thosewho see his development towards Marxism as progress and those who regard it as a betrayal. In this carefully documented and comprehensive study, Sam Coombes launches a devastating attack on such views. He argues that the early Sartre (up to the late 1940s) is closer toMarxism than isusually believed: 'the existentialist and Marxist anthropologies [...] have a great deal more in common than they do not' (p. 167). This leads him to a rereading of the entire body of Sartre's earlier work, on the basis of which he claims 'there are a number of important reasons for believing that Sartre had already conceived some kind of over-arching vision which was both ontological, ethical, and even political as early as 1940-1' (p. 141). That isnot todeny that Sartre's standpoint changed radically His positions were in a constant state of development and self-criticism. But by stressing the continu ities,Coombes is able to clarify the nature of the changes. Thus he is able tomake some illuminating parallels between the early Sartre's notion of inauthenticity and theMarxist theory of ideology. Sartre's concern for the relationship between free thought and action is shown to be similar to theMarxist stress on the unity of theory and practice. Drawing on Thomas Flynn's Sartre andMarxist Existentialism (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1984), he argues that the notion of situation is a 'bridge concept' (p. 60) linking existentialism andMarxism. All toomuch ofwhat has been written about Sartre andMarxism suffersfrom an inadequate knowledge either of Sartre or ofMarxism. Coombes cannot be faulted on either count. He shows an impressive knowledge, not only of Karl Marx, but of a range ofMarxist thinkers, including Leon Trotsky, Antonio Gramsci, Georg Lukacs, and Henri Lefebvre, and draws insightful comparisons with various aspects of Sartre's work. The whole of Sartre's work is considered: the explicitly philosophical work, in particular VEtre et leneant (which, Coombes warns, should not be taken 'as awork which encompasses all the key aspects of Sartre's philosophical world-view at the time that it was written' (p. 77)), the fiction, and the early plays, as well as posthu mously published material such as thewar diaries and the correspondence with de Beauvoir. A fascinating section is devoted to the complex relationship between Sartre and Paul Nizan. Coombes shows how several of Sartre's fictional works, in particular some of the stories in Le Mur, can be seen as a conscious, and ironic, response toNizan's malicious portrayal of Sartre as a potential Fascist in the guise of the character of Lange inLe Cheval de Troie (1935). 1154 Reviews Coombes's convincing account of the complex unity of Sartre's work thus un dermines many of themore facile interpretations, notably Bernard-Henri Levy's much overrated Le Siecle de Sartre (Paris: Grasset, 2000), which seeks tomobilize Sartre's early existentialism against hisMarxist self, in a latter-day re-enactment of Cold War cliches. There are several detailed points on which Coombes's judgement could be queried?for example, his claim that the cultural policy of the French Communist Party was not crudely Zhdanovist' (p. 312). But that is simply an indication that his work will provide a stimulus for further research. No serious study of Sartre's philosophical, ethical, and political evolution in the futurewill be able to disregard Coombes's work. London Ian Birchall Consuming Autobiographies: Reading and Writing the Self inPost-War France. By Claire Boyle. London: Legenda. 2007. x+176 pp. ?45. ISBN 978-1 905981-10-6. In Claire Boyle's study of the autobiographical writings of Nathalie Sarraute, Georges...

The Introduction to Kartlis Tskhovreba and its Historical - Territorial Conception

The Karthlis Tskhovreba, a corpus of writings of historiographic character, occupies a central place in medieval Georgian historiographic tradition reflecting the history of Georgia from the beginning to the 17th century inclusive. The corpus comprises historical writings of different periods, among which most controversial in modern scholarship is its opening part, in which, traditionally, historical narrative is identified as from the beginning to the 5th century, and from the 5th to the 8th century inclusive. Both these parts are also referred to in the specialist literature as the opening part of the Karthlis Tskhovreba . The first work is entitled The Life of the Kings and Forefathers and Descendants (in brief: The Life of the Kings). According to the view accepted in Georgian scholarly circles, its author is Leonti Mroveli (11th cent.), while the other _ entitled The Life of Vakhtang Gorgasali _ is attributed to Ilarion Juansheri, an author of the same century. Notwithstanding the established view, both the composition of the opening part of the KTs, the dates of its writing and editing, as well as the attribution of the text is still the subject of debate among scholars. Some researchers date it to the 8th century (Manana Sanadze, Giorgi Anchabadze, Edisher Khoshtaria-Brosset), but there are attempts to date individual sections of this source to a still earlier period (Vakhtang Goiladze, Manana Sanadze). I believe that such divergence of opinions is due to the lack of consideration of the genre specificity of the KTs as an integral and continuous historiographic tradition and inadequate research into the ideological and world view aspects of its individual sections.

Nolens Volens Out of Darkness1—From the Depersonal to the “Really” Personal

The use of the self-state metaphor requires careful attention to changes in a patient's subjectivity that may go unnoticed by the patient. Affect, fund of knowledge, beliefs, worldview, idiosyncratic behaviors, physiologic state, and other aspects of subjective experience may vary from self-state to self-state. These shifts are especially visible when “not-me” self-states are present. Changes in self-state in the analyst in resonance with similar shifts in the patient provide avenues of inquiry and insight that are far reaching and make the most of the use of the analyst's self in an analysis of enactment. Not-me self-state experience is especially challenging to uncover and is often the focal point of the patient's or analyst's resistance to knowing his own mind. Intense overwhelming affects are often at the core of this resistance. Attention to these focal points may open the not-me self-state to view as a subject for analysis. Distinguishing these complex dissociative processes from psychotic process is of critical importance and requires alert consciousness for the mechanisms of dissociative experience.

African agency and cultural initiatives in the British Imperial military and labor recruitment drives in the Gold Coast (colonial Ghana) during the First World War

During the First World War, the Gold Coast colonial government engaged in military and labor recruitment drives in support of the British Imperial war effort. The colonial government was responsible for the policy of recruitment, the African intelligentsia championed the recruitment efforts in the form of recruiting campaigns, and the chiefs were directly responsible for the recruitment of their subjects. Overall, the subject of military and labor recruitment drives in the Gold Coast during the First World War has garnered some scholarly studies based mainly on colonial sources. The present study, based on two indigenous newspapers, namely The Gold Coast Nation and The Gold Coast Leader, contributes to the extant literature by examining the role of African agency and cultural initiatives in the Imperial recruitment drives. The first part deals with the reasons why the chiefs and the African intelligentsia became involved in the colonial state's efforts at recruitment. The second portion examines African agency and cultural initiatives in the imperial military and labor recruitment drives, while the third part discusses the results – success – of the recruitment drives. The final section looks at the problems outlined by the Gold Coast press as having posed barriers to African agency and cultural initiatives in the recruitment drives. In sum, the study shows how the colonized Africans applied aspects of indigenous worldview and ontology, including marriage and funerals, as well as aspects of the Afro‐European contact, for example, the use of the Christian church as an epistemic site for the facilitation of recruitment. Overall, the study adds to our knowledge of Africa and the First World War and specifically complements Roger Thomas' study of military recruitment in the Gold Coast, showing that African agency and cultural initiatives or what he calls ’special bye‐laws‚ did not only occur in Eastern Province, but were also applied in other parts of the Gold Coast colony, especially in the Central Province.

‘La Féminité Salvatrice’

Olivier Py's interpretation of Paul Claudel's masterpiece, Le Soulier de satinwas an eleven-hour production staged as part of the Edinburgh International Festival's main programme of events in August 2004. One of the fundamental aspects of Claudel's Christian worldview is his perception of the paradoxical role of the female in the drama of spiritual salvation. In her relations with her male counterpart, the female embodies both the human desire for, and distance from, the world of the spirit. Py recognised the ascendancy of the spirit in the play's dramatic universe, but he re-aligned the balance of power in order to claim equality for the male in a spiritual hierarchy dominated by the female. The originality of his interpretation came to a height in the play's fourth and final day by means of his audacious decision to cast a cross-dressed male performer in the role of the ‘actress’. By unsettling the hierarchical framework set up by Claudel's rationalisation of the female's spiritual privilege, Py stamped his own authority on the play and issued his own unique challenge to his audience.

More on Mesoamerican Cosmology and City Plans

AbstractIn a recent comment Michael Smith argues that the cosmological interpretations of Maya urban layouts proposed in an article by Ashmore and Sabloff are vague and unconvincing. He also summarizes some other comparable studies in order to show that arguments for the cosmological significance of archaeologically recovered urban patterns are, in general, subjective and lack methodological rigor. I argue that his view is an unwarranted generalization and that his references to some archaeoastronomical interpretations do not adequately reflect the advances in this field of research and its relevance for the understanding of ancient city plans. I summarize the results of several studies in Mesoamerica, focusing on Teotihuacan and the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan discussed by Smith, to show that rigorous methods not only have been applied in archaeoastronomical research but also have resulted in explicit conclusions about specific aspects of worldview and political ideology underlying Mesoamerican architecture and urbanism.

Spirituality, medicine, and the possibility of wisdom

Spirituality, medicine, and the possibility of wisdom

Prolegomenon to a history of paleoanthropology: The study of human origins as a scientific enterprise. Part 2. Eighteenth to the twentieth century

AbstractModern scientific theories of human origins can be traced directly back to the discoveries, arguments, and theories of the seventeenth century. But as we have seen in the first part of this paper, a great many critical steps had been taken, ideas proposed, and discoveries made long before this. The scientific advances of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries owed much to ancient science, while still retaining many aspects of the medieval Christian world view. Yet both science and Christianity changed significantly as a result of the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the voyages of exploration, and the changes wrought on European society as a result of industrialization. The question of human origins was directly affected by the archeological study of prehistoric ruins, new geological theories, the study of fossils, the discovery of “savage” peoples living in the New World, and the comparison of prehistoric stone implements from Europe with those collected in the New World. This proliferation of new discoveries, new theories, and the emergence of completely new scientific disciplines in the seventeenth century laid the foundation for the dramatic new discoveries and theories that came over the next three centuries.

The Halcion Affair: Public Relations and the Construction of Ideological World View

This study conceptualizes organizational public relations as attempts to construct ideological world view. Three aspects of ideological world view—distortion, legitimation, and terrain of struggle—are elaborated and then grounded in a case study of the public relations practices of The Upjohn Company, a pharmaceutical manufacturer and researcher, during the Halcion(R) (sleeping pill) crisis in the 1980s. The case study reveals how such practices helped create a supportive scientific world view for Halcion, which may have contributed to the product's steady growth in sales and profits during the decade, despite intense media scrutiny and criticism and the restrictive actions of health authorities in some countries.

Ways of thinking about being: Explorations in ontology

This paper briefly explores Merleau-Ponty's notions of ‘body subject’ and ‘flesh’ in order to draw out some of the implications of his work for an understanding of key aspects of non-Western worldviews, notably that of Australian aboriginal people. Focusing specifically on the concept of materiality, I argue that its elaboration as flesh in Merleau-Ponty's work constitutes an important conceptual link with non-atomistic accounts of being and world, accounts characteristic of some indigenous peoples. Writing as a non-aboriginal and a relative newcomer to the study of aboriginal beliefs, I address the issue of possible contributions such understandings may make to solutions to problems we face in future both as individuals and as educators.