Aspects Of Work Research Articles

Losing consent – the evolution of the danwei management policies from a Maoist perspective

ABSTRACT The danwei (work unit) system is a unique political and economic institution in China; inside a danwei, all aspects of workers’ activities are taken care of. The transformations of the danwei system’s management have long been a hot topic in academia. Many scholars have shared their views on understanding the transformations of the danwei’s management. However, very few of them have understood danwei’s management transformations from the perspective of Mao Zedong. Mao, as one of the most important founders of the danwei system, had conducted numerous studies on Marxist theories and Soviet practices of socialist enterprise management and had formed a unique understanding of how a genuine socialist enterprise operates. By setting up a triangular comparison model, this article compares Maoist thoughts on management with danwei’s management policies before and after 1978. This article concludes that, from a Maoist perspective, the pre-1978 danwei system had set up a management system in which workers drew their ‘self-generated consent’ through democratic mechanisms. In contrast, the post-1978 danwei management has abnegated most of the democratic mechanisms and replaced workers’ ‘self-generated consent’ with cadre-controlled ‘manufactured consent.’ The entire danwei system is gradually ‘losing its consent’ from the working class unless multiple reform initiatives take place in the future.

Factors Affecting the Incidence of Disease Due to Employment Relationship at PT. Indrabakti Mustika North Konawe

Background: The results of interviews with 10 workers illustrate that aspects of workers' health are disturbed, namely many workers who have suffered injuries, decreased attendance due to illness, exposure to mineral dust from the location or conditions of mining areas with dry and sandy soil structures that can cause silicosis or exposure to noise sourced from the operation of work tools. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors related to diseases due to labor relations in nickel mine workers at PT. IndrabaktiMustikaKonawe North.
 Methods: This study uses a Cross sectional Study approach. The study has been carried out for 30 days. The population numbered 568 people. The Research Sample totaled 82 samples. The sample technique in this study is Simple Random Sampling. The data were processed using the Data Normality Test (Kolmogrov Smirnov Test) Chi Square Test.
 Result: The results showed that there was a relationship between age X2hits = 14,024 > X2 tabs = 3,841, length of work X2hits = 7,678 >X2 tabs = 3,841 and air temperature X2hits = 15,752 >X2 tabs = 3,841 to diseases due to labor relations in nickel mine workers at PT. IndrabaktiMustika North Konawe.
 Conclusion: Research shows that there is a relationship between age, noise and PPE use to diseases due to labor relations in nickel mine workers in PT. IndrabaktiMustika North Konawe.

Where Are the Missing Workers? Anticipated and Unanticipated Labor Supply Changes in the Pandemic's Aftermath

ABSTRACT: Labor force participation and average hours of work both fell sharply at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Neither had fully recovered by the end of 2022. The drop in participation between December 2019 and December 2022 implies a loss of 3 million people from the labor force; the decline in average hours over the same period translates to the equivalent of 2.6 million fewer workers. Demographic and other trend factors that predated the pandemic explain most of the participation shortfall. Taken together, COVID-19-related health effects and the persistent (though shrinking) effects of the fear of contracting COVID-19 more than explain the rest. In contrast, pre-pandemic factors account for little of the shortfall in hours. COVID-19-related health effects account for perhaps 40 percent of that decline, but we are unable to explain the majority of the hours shortfall. We speculate that the lower level of hours in the post-pandemic period may reflect a shift in the desired balance between work and other aspects of workers' lives.

Risk Mitigation on Infrastructure Port Project Construction (Case Study: Sanur Port Project, Bali, Indonesia)

Port construction projects have complex work stages and high dependence on internal and external conditions so that the emergence of risks that can cause project delays is elevated. Therefore, it is necessary to apply risk management to identify and overcome the risks that will come. This research uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to rank risks and determine the most dominant risk parameters for risk analysis. This study shows there are 4 dominant delay risks parameter on the Sanur Port project, with the most dominant risk parameter is the high wave parameter. The effect of high wave risk on the Sanur Port construction project is the delay in project work for 98 days. To reduce the impact of risks that may occur, risk mitigation is carried out on aspects of workers, tools, and methods of implementation.

The Effects of Hybrid Work Choices and Worker Needs on Employee Wellbeing

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged many aspects of workers’ lives including employee wellbeing and working from both home and the office, referred to as a hybrid work model. This study investigates whether employees’ choice of work location influences wellbeing and how job role, specifically seniority and leadership responsibilities, are related to work location choice. Research was conducted within two technology and operations domains of a large Australian financial institution (n = 349) with 94% of participants under COVID-19 work from home lockdown restrictions. Our findings indicate that employees tend to experience decreased wellbeing if they desire to return to the office and that autonomy frustration contributes in part to decreased wellbeing if employees feel constrained in their ability to work from the office. In addition, our study shows that senior employees and people leaders tend to desire greater opportunities to work in the office during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. We recommend that hybrid working arrangements, as a predictor of wellbeing, be tested outside workplace lockdown conditions, when employees have greater choice over work location. This study provides the baseline comparison for such research.

IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI BAHAYA KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) PADA PEMULUNG DI TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (TPA) TERJUN

Potential hazards of Occupational Health and Safety at the Final Disposal Site have a hazard risk to the safety and health aspects of workers. This research is a qualitative research that aims to explore a problem with detailed boundaries, as wel as in-depth data collection. The number of informants in this study were 6 people. Data collection was carried out using direct observations conducted on workers and in-depth interviews with research respondents equipped with a voice recorder which was conducted to 6 informants. The results of the research conducted there are potential hazards that still need to be considered and controlled. There are several potential hazards that result in accidents and occupational diseases, namely: 1. Physical hazard factors, such as being pierced by sharp objects (thorns, nails, glass shards, waste baskets, gancu), slipping due to slippery roads and piles of garbage, falling, and noise. 2. Chemical hazard factors, such as toxic materials. 3. Ergonomic hazard factors, such as Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSDs), deformity. 4. Psychological hazard factors, such as pressure between scavengers. 5. Biological hazard factors, such as those caused by vectors and animals that disturb flies, rats, mosquitoes, cockroaches and fungi. 6. Environmental hazard factors, such as damaging the environment, air pollution, and soil pollution. 7. Behavioral hazard factors, such as not using masks and gloves, causing unsafe conditions and unsafe actions. Suggestions that can be given are to increase supervision of workers so that workers do not do things that can harm themselves or others, provide sanctions for workers who violate the rules, and equip workers with Personal Protective Equipment in accordance with their work.

Knowledge, attitudes, and psychosocial impacts among Brazilian Pediatric Dentists during COVID-19 pandemic.

In this study, we evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and psychosocial impacts among Brazilian pediatric dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study with primary data collection was carried out using an online structured questionnaire. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis by using absolute and relative frequencies. A chi-square test was used for association analysis and log-linear regression models to estimate the prevalence ratio (5%). The population comprised mostly women and knowledge regarding COVID-19 was satisfactory (above 80% in most items). N95 masks and faceshields were used, albeit 64.22% reported difficulty in providing dental care to children due to the need for extra Personal Protective Equipment. Thirty eight percent provided urgency/emergency dental care, 59.78% performed invasive procedures, 59.56% used high speed handpieces, 8.44% started using cariostatics, and 6.22% introduced the use of chemomechanical caries removal agents. Fear for the future (PR = 1.21) and use of medications (for anxiety, depression, or insomnia) increased (PR = 1.16) among the ones who had wage losses. Brazilian pediatric dentists have knowledge about COVID-19, and attitudes in their clinical routines changed due the pandemic. Financial life was harmed and a negative impact of the pandemic in psychosocial aspects of workers was found.

Ingenios and ingenuity: rethinking Indigenous histories of silver in the colonial Andean mining industry

ABSTRACT Silver amalgamation technologies revolutionized the production of precious metals in the colonial Andes and throughout Latin America, changing the region and the global economy in ways that are almost impossible to fully comprehend even today. We know a great deal about the productive capacity of Potosí's amalgamation refineries (ingenios), but little of other aspects of workers' experiences within those walled environments. Most archaeological studies of ingenios focus on their material cultural remains; most literary studies of ingenio analyze the term's resonance within the conventions of baroque aesthetics. By combining methods of archaeological and literary study, this article sheds light on understudied aspects of family life, clandestine silver production, and definitions of scientific knowledge in the colonial Andean silver industry. Doing so enables us to tell a richer, more complete, and more complex story of the silver that circulated as coins within the global reaches of the early modern Spanish empire.

IDENTIFIKASI RISIKO GANGUAN MUSKULOSKLETAL PADA PEKERJA PERCETAKAN DENGAN METODE NORDIC BODY MAP

An increase in the amount of production in the printing industry will positively impact economic and social aspects. Economic and social aspects that can be directly felt include the increase in individual income and employment in the printing industry sector. Apart from having a positive impact, this also has a negative impact, especially on the health and protection aspects of workers related to occupational safety and health. The type of work in the printing industry is one that has a risk of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to determine the prevalence of complaints of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the printing industry. The method used is a survey using a Nordic body map using a questionnaire. The results showed that 8% of workers experienced complaints on the musculoskeletal system. Complaints of disorders of the skeletal muscles experienced by workers complained of back pain (32%), complained of pain in the forearm and right shoulder (28%), complained of pain in the left shoulder, back and right upper arm (24%), complained pain in the neck, left upper and lower arm, right calf and left toe (20%).

La enseñanza y el aprendizaje del trabajo. Reflexiones acerca de la formación profesional como instrumento de desarrollo local y regional

espanolEl articulo apunta a avanzar en la comprension de la relacion aprendizaje-trabajo en el marco de un panel, el cual es entendido como una propuesta de formacionprofesional llevada a cabo en un contexto de aprendizaje no formal. En el escrito, sereconocen los aportes de diversas teorias que permiten conceptualizar la formacionpara el trabajo.Se analizo lo trabajado en un panel de formacion profesional como instrumento dedesarrollo local y regional. Dicha actividad se llevo a cabo en el marco de una diploma-tura ofrecida por una universidad de la provincia de Cordoba. Los resultados obtenidos permiten reconocer que el panel analizado se constituye enun valioso aporte a la hora de pensar en las propuestas de formacion profesional, yaque promueve instancias de interaccion y se constituye como un espacio de co-cons-truccion social del conocimiento y, ademas, ofrece formacion vinculada a aspectos pe-dagogicos y didacticos especificos de la educacion para el trabajo EnglishThe article aims to delve into the understanding of the learning-workrelationship within the structure of a panel, which is understood as a proposal ofprofessional training carried out in a context of non-formal learning. The paper recognizesthe contributions of various theories that allow conceptualizing training for work.The work in a professional training panel, as an instrument of local and regionaldevelopment, was analyzed. This activity was carried out during the teaching ofundergraduate-level classes, offered by a university in the province of Cordoba.The obtained results allow us to recognize that the analyzed panel constitutes a valuablecontribution when thinking about the proposals for professional training, since itpromotes instances of interaction and it constitutes a space for social co-constructionof knowledge, offering training linked to specific pedagogical and didactic aspects ofwork education.

Workers' Compensation Elements in Different Jurisdictions in the United States.

: Over the decades, the workers' compensation system has provided many injured workers with a significant guarantee of both medical and financial support when they have been injured on the job. To be effective, workers' compensation systems at a minimum should include principles that require the addressing of medical causation, determination of an individual's functional ability both pre- and post-injury to include activity restrictions, return-to-work capability and disability, meeting jurisdiction-specific reporting requirements of the workers' compensation reporting requirements, and having knowledge of other perspectives of the various authorities and jurisdictions present in the United States. ACOEM lays out a description of various aspects of workers' compensations systems in the United States, with recommendations for minimal standards and best practices. This paper limits itself to the discussion of jurisdictions within the United States and ACOEM strongly recommends that providers consult directly with the states in which they are working as there are state variations in workers' compensation.

Measuring employees’ well-being among Nigerian bankers: Exploring the socio-cultural indicators

Employees’ well-being, the overall quality of workers’ life experience and functioning at work, is multidimensional and context-dependent. The reality of present society suggests that not only the psychological and physical, but social factors are essential in measuring employees’ well-being. In many developed countries, crime and other societal issues received adequate attention; however, in Nigeria, workers are confronted with many social- and cultural-related challenges like insecurity and community and family conflicts, even outside the work environment, which lead to well-being problems. Previous studies in Nigeria have focused more on psychological and physical well-being, without sufficient attention to occupational stress and the work environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the social and cultural factors related to the well-being of workers in the Nigerian banking industry. Four-hundred and twenty copies of questionnaires were administered and 30 interviews were conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique among bank workers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Twenty-eight items evaluating psychological, physical, and socio-cultural well-being were examined using a five-point Likert scale. Researchers analyzed data using descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and content analysis. The findings revealed that socio-cultural factors are important sources of happiness and well-being of bank workers. Over 77% of the respondents viewed robbery attacks, family, and public trust as having a severe effect on their state of mind. Social well-being was significantly correlated with physical (r = .884; p < .001) and psychological (r = .921; p < .001) well-being. Results from the interviews showed that family and community relationships, security, and public trust in leadership affect employee’s well-being even more than a pay raise. This study demonstrates that the overall life experience of workers is an equally important determinant of workers' well-being as their psychological and physical well-being. These findings suggest that sociocultural attributes like culture, family, and community relationships are an important aspect of workers’ overall life experience, and should be considered in the measurement of workers' well-being.

Professional identity, perceived job performance and sense of personal accomplishment among social workers in Israel: The overriding significance of the working alliance.

This study examined the associations between social workers' professional identity and the quality of their work, as reflected by their perceived job performance and sense of personal accomplishment. Based on literature attesting to the contribution of the working alliance between social workers and their service-users to the attainment of interventions' goals, a model in which the working alliance mediated the associations between social workers' professional identity and the quality of their work was also tested. The study's sample consisted of 570 social workers in Israel, from a wide range of professional and organisational backgrounds. The study was cross-sectional, and data were gathered using an online questionnaire. Its results demonstrate direct effects of social workers' professional identity on the quality of their work. At the same time, social workers' working alliance with service-users acted as a mediator in the association between certain aspects of workers' professional identity and the quality of their work. These findings reassert and broaden understandings regarding the crucial role of relationships with service-users in the discussion of social work professional identity and its outcomes. The specific associations found also offer sustenance to the idea that autonomous social workers, who are committed to their profession, manage to generate stronger working alliances with their service-users; which in turn makes them better at what they do.

Invariância associativa entre percepção do suporte organizacional e capital social organizacional em trabalhadores brasileiros

Esta pesquisa pretende verificar a relação entre o suporte organizacional e capital social organizacional em trabalhadores. Com os acontecimentos sociais e econômicos nos últimos dez anos as empresas têm buscado avaliar os aspectos intrínsecos dos trabalhadores quanto a produtividade e criatividade. Assim, processos de gestão das políticas de incentivo e práticas organizacionais mais interpessoais vem recebendo mais investimentos. Participaram do estudo, 401 trabalhadores do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, a maioria tinha idades entre 30 a 44 anos, eram homens, trabalham no setor público e uma renda acima de 4.001,00. Responderam a Escala de Percepção de Suporte Organizacional, Capital Social Organizacional e dados sociodemográficos por meio eletrônico através do Google forms. No programa estatístico AMOS 22.0 realizou-se a análise pretendida confirmando a hipótese de que o suporte organizacional influencia, positivamente, o capital social. Destaca-se que, considerando estes resultados, o quanto o suporte organizacional pode influenciar na qualidade produtiva e de interação social no ambiente laboral, quando focada no capital social.

Legal Reform and Struggles Against Precarity: The Case of State Workers' Early Retirement in Vietnam

This paper contributes to the literature on precarity in Asia by examining the way in which state law interacts with social, political, and ideological factors in shaping experiences of precarity. Different from studies of precarity that see law as a set of state regulations underpinning the precarious economic and political status of individual workers, this paper adopts a socially grounded view of law that incorporates workers' understandings of and engagements with state law in commonplace settings. It also adopts a view of precarity as a complex dynamic of social, legal, and political processes shaping and reproducing workers' experiences of insecurity and vulnerability at work, rather than a broad, identity-based category of non-standard and informal types of employment. Through an ethnographic study of former state workers' working experiences in Vietnam, this paper sheds light on different aspects of workers' collective and individual struggles against precarity and workplace injustice, and the role that law plays in these struggles. It argues that law contributes to reinforcing workers' precarious experiences, which are underpinned by the tension between their expectations grounded in the socialist era and the realities of workplace injustice and insecurity in a market economy.

Hygienic and clinical functional aspects of health status in phthalate production

Introduction. Polyesters of terephthalic acids are major products of organic synthesis, widely used in various industries: for packing materials production, including those for foods and medicaments. Polyesters of terephthalic acids are stable chemicals and highly toxic with cumulative eff ects. Phthalates production requires further studies. Objective. To determine hygienic and clinical functional aspects of workers’ health formation in phthalates production. Materials and methods. Special clinical functional study covered workers who first started work activity in production of terephthalic acids, purified terephthalic acid and polyethylene terephthalate over 5 years of JSC “POLYEF” exploitation. Hematologic, cytochemical, biochemical and immunologic studies covered workers with primary 5-year service in the production. Hygienic evaluation covered work conditions of workers engaged into production of terephthalic acid polyesters. Results. Th e work conditions are characterized by increased level of terephthalic acids from 1.5 to 2.8 MACs. By 5 years of service, most the workers demonstrate anemia, reticulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, lower enzymatic activity. Investigations also covered the most marked and early changes in cardiovascular, nervous systems, ENT organs, locomotory system and connective tissue. Major factors infl uencing the stated disorders are acting concentrations of terephthalic acid, exceeding MAC 1.5–2.8 times; character of infl uence caused by complex of chemicals with acute and unidirectional action; occupational noise exceeding MAL of 5–21 dBA. Conclusions. General principles of occupational factors action: anemic syndrome; polymorphic regulatory disorders of metabolism; sensitization, allergization; formation of secondary immune defi ciency of cytopenia type; vegetative vascular disorders — the most fr equent and early syndrome of clinical and structural health disorders; locomotory disorders caused probably by phthalates toxicity; upper respiratory tract disorders (summarized eff ects of chemical irritants); specifi c changes associated with increased noise parameters (vegetative disorders, hypertension, neurosensory deafness, etc.).

O papel da enfermagem do trabalho na prevenção de riscos dos trabalhadores expostos aos agrotóxicos: uma revisão bibliográfica

O objetivo do estudo é estabelecer os principais aspectos da exposição do trabalhador aos agentes químicos e definir a relação com os riscos capazes de tornar instáveis a sua saúde e qualidade de vida. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, onde foram compilados e analisados, em caráter teórico, os estudos e trabalhos disponibilizados na plataforma SCIELO e Google Acadêmico. Como resultados, as ações da enfermagem do trabalho na conscientização dos agentes participantes, as ações de grau estratégico para manter as condições psicológicas e físicas, a participação efetiva dos estados e órgãos na formulação de propostas preventivas, a relevância de equipamentos de proteção visando à eliminação dos riscos e reforçando a segurança pessoal do trabalhador, são pontos fortes e positivos para a prevenção do risco para os trabalhadores. O envolvimento dos profissionais da enfermagem do trabalho na construção e implementação das ações e programas precisa ser estimulada, pontuando-se os esforços sistematizados na área de saúde, principalmente na atenção primária à saúde.

Surge Price or Subsidy? Information Sharing or Suggestion? A Behavioral Investigation of Workers’ Relocation in On-Demand Platforms

Problem Definition: We have witnessed a rapid rise of on-demand platforms, such as Uber, in the past few years. While these platforms allow workers to choose their own working hours, they have limited leverage in maintaining the availability of workers within a region. As such, platforms often implement various policies, including offering financial incentives and/or communicating customer demand to workers in order to direct more workers to regions with shortage in supply. This research examines how behavioral biases such as regret aversion may influence workers' relocation decisions and ultimately the system performance. Academic/Practical Relevance: Studies on on-demand platforms often assume that workers are rational agents who make optimal decisions. Our research investigates workers' relocation decisions from a behavioral perspective. A deeper understanding of workers' behavioral biases and their causes will help on-demand platforms design appropriate policies to increase their own profit, worker surplus, and the overall efficiency of matching supply with demand. \newline Methodology: We use a combination of behavioral modeling and controlled lab experiments. We develop analytical models that incorporate regret aversion to produce theoretical predictions, which are then tested and verified via a series of controlled lab experiments. Results: We find that regret aversion plays an important role in workers' relocation decisions. Regret averse workers are more willing to relocate to the supply-shortage zone than rational workers. This increased relocation behavior, however, is not sufficient to translate to a better system performance. Platform interventions, such as demand information sharing and dynamic wage bonus, can help further improve the system. We find that workers' regret-aversion behavior may lead to an increased profit for the platform, a higher surplus for the workers, and an improved demand-supply matching efficiency, thus benefiting the entire on-demand system. Managerial Implications: Our research emphasizes the importance and necessity of incorporating workers' behavioral biases such as regret aversion into the policy design of on-demand platforms. Policies without considering the behavioral aspect of workers' decisions may lead to lost profit for the platform and reduced welfare for workers and customers, which may ultimately hurt the on-demand business.

Earnings, savings, and job satisfaction in a labor-intensive export sector: Evidence from the cut flower industry in Ethiopia

Abstract While labor-intensive export-oriented industries typically bring positive economic benefits to countries through employment generation, the effects of employment in these industries on various aspects of workers’ welfare are less well-studied. This paper considers the case of the cut flower industry in Ethiopia to provide such quantitative evidences. We collected workers’ primary data and conducted incentivized experiments to measure their cognitive abilities, risk preference, and other behavioral characteristics. Based on propensity-score matching and doubly robust estimations to facilitate rigorous comparisons, we find that production workers in the cut flower sector earn significantly more than similar workers in other sectors, most probably due to the flower farms’ interest to reduce costly worker turnovers. In addition, workers in the sector save more regularly than workers in other sectors who have similar characteristics, and the amount saved relative to the income level is also higher, after controlling for the frequency of wage payment and employment status. The subjective valuation of their jobs is also higher in the cut flower sector, particularly in terms of the income level, stability, and future prospect, but workers in the sector are not necessarily more satisfied with the type of work they do. Unlike other sectors where wage payment decreases with worker’s age, wage in the flower sector does not vary with age. Risk-averse individuals are more satisfied in the cut flower sector, while work experience reduces the satisfaction level on future prospect more in this sector relative to other sectors.

The Relationship Between Fatigue and Job Burnout Dimensions in Hospital Nurses

Background: Fatigue, as a destructive phenomenon, can have adverse effects on various aspects of workers’ lives. Job burnout is one of the important consequences of fatigue among employees including nurses in different workplaces, especially healthcare centers. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the relationship between fatigue and job burnout. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 522 nurses, who were randomly selected from teaching hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran. Fatigue dimensions and job burnout were measured by Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), respectively. Results: The results revealed that among burnout dimensions, depersonalization and diminished personal accomplishment had the highest mean scores, while emotional exhaustion had the lowest mean score. Among different fatigue dimensions, the highest mean score was related to general fatigue. Moreover, the results of Pearson’s correlation test showed a significant positive relationship between emotional exhaustion and fatigue dimensions. Also, a significant direct correlation was found between depersonalization and general, physical, and mental fatigue. On the other hand, a significant negative correlation was observed between diminished personal accomplishment and all fatigue dimensions, except mental fatigue. Conclusions: Considering the adverse effects of fatigue on various aspects of nurses’ job burnout, more attention should be paid to fatigue in healthcare facilities, especially hospitals. In addition, a suitable managerial program should be developed to decrease nurses’ job burnout and other fatigue consequences and to improve working conditions.