Usability Aspects Research Articles

Development of a Telemedicine Acceptance Model in Indonesia by Considering Trust and Usability Factors for Self-Isolated Patients

Telemedicine use during COVID-19 pandemic had significant impact in helping to deal with health problems, especially for self-isolation users. This study aims to develop a theoretical framework for model acceptance technology of telemedicine in Indonesia by considering aspects of trust and usability for self-isolation patients. Technology acceptance model (TAM) is used as a theoretical framework for this study involving several antecedents. Data was collected using Likert scale questionnaire and distributed online, receiving responses from 467 respondents. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) analysis method used to explore factors related to behavioral intention and actual use. This study indicates a positive relationship between learnability and memorability on perceived ease of use. Then, effectiveness and trust have a positive relationship to perceived usefulness, but it is proven not to have a positive relationship to behavioral intention to use. Furthermore, the results show that contamination avoidance, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, reliability, and information quality significantly affect behavioral intention to use. As for safety and professionalism, it is not proven to have a positive relationship with behavioral intention to use. These findings can provide input for government and telemedicine application developers in considering user factors to anticipate patients using telemedicine in self-isolation.

Representation of the Green Color in Russian and French Linguo-Cultures

This article represents an in-depth linguistic analysis of the use of green color in the Russian and French languages. The richness of phraseological expressions and lexical turns associated with this color is examined in diverse contexts. The primary focus is on denoting plants, nature, and metaphorical meanings, such as associations with youth and emotions. The study covers various domains of green color use, including its connection with playing cards, money, and alcohol. The author aims to uncover how the color interacts with cultural concepts and perceptions in different linguocultural environments of Russian and French languages, providing a profound understanding of the multilayered semantics of the color green. The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of linguistic materials, including a comparative analysis of phraseological units in Russian and French. Methods of semantic analysis, cultural context, and historical-linguistic comparison are applied. The work relies on authentic texts and integrates cultural and linguistic history to reveal nuanced aspects of green color usage. The study offers a deep analysis of phraseological units involving the green color, identifying their cultural, linguistic, and semantic aspects in the context of Russian and French languages. The work unveils common features and unique characteristics of green color usage, providing readers with a profound understanding of its significance in various linguistic and cultural paradigms. The scientific novelty lies in the full-scale analysis of linguistic material and the exploration of the influence of cultural factors on color perception in language. The research enriches linguistic science, offering valuable insights into the realm of cultural interaction through the language prism. It inspires further investigations into the semantics of color and linguistic anthropology, introducing new perspectives and understanding into discussions on the impact of color perception on cultural norms and customs.

The Impact of Subsidized Fertilizer Usage on Farmer Welfare in West Java

This study aims to recognize the influence of subsidized fertilizer use on the overall well-being of farmers in West Java. A qualitative analysis was employed to examine the data, using descriptive methods such as interviews and field observations. This method describes and summarizes events related to fertilizer use, offering insights into the practical aspects of fertilizer usage. In addition to the qualitative methods, a quantitative analysis was conducted. Descriptive quantitative techniques were used to assess existing policies, distribution mechanisms, and implementation. This study focused on farmers engaged in the cultivation of rice, corn, and soybeans to evaluate the impact of fertilizer subsidies on the competitive power of these agricultural commodities. The research revealed a significant influence resulting from the use of subsidized fertilizers by farmers. The findings highlight the importance of subsidized fertilizers in improving the well-being of farmers and enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural commodities. When farmers used these subsidized fertilizers, their overall well-being improved. In addition, the use of subsidized fertilizers can enhance the competitive strength of food crops. To maximize benefits, it is essential to continuously improve the system. Repairing and refining the subsidy mechanisms will ensure that farmers experience optimal advantages from the use of subsidized fertilizers. The use of subsidized fertilizers plays a crucial role in enhancing the well-being of farmers in West Java and strengthening the competitiveness of agricultural commodities. Policymakers should continue to support and expand such subsidy programs. However, it is crucial to ensure that these subsidies reach the intended beneficiaries effectively. Therefore, policymakers should regularly review and revise the policies, distribution mechanisms, and implementation strategies associated with these subsidies.

Exploring the Effects of Societal Cynicism on Social Media Dependency

The Social Media landscape is characterized by constant and rapid changes, with new platforms emerging in the market and existing ones evolving by integrating new features. Amidst this dynamic environment, the phenomenon of Social Media Dependency (SMD) has become particularly salient. This study seeks to explore individual usage behavior on Social Media with a specific focus on SMD. In contrast to previous research that predominantly examines Social Media addiction, our emphasis lies on the utilitarian, rational, and goal-oriented aspects of Social Media usage. We analyze the impact of individual attitudes on SMD by integrating expectancy-value theory with media system dependency theory. Specifically, this paper investigates how one particular social axiom construct – Societal cynicism – influences SMD, taking into account the variations in the usage patterns between two widely used Social Media platforms: Facebook and YouTube. Through the development and validation of a research model, this research aims to shed new light on understanding the dependency phenomena within the context of Social Media.

PERCEPTION OF USING SERVICE ROBOTS IN KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the clients’ perception on the service robots’ usage in Kazakhstan, and Russia. The main idea is to find out the level of people’s understanding and acceptance of robotization in these neighbor countries, as these may influence the business development. The researchers adopted survey method to collect respondents’ views on the issue of interest. The research population includes people above 18 years of age in the two countries. The statistical results differ for the studied countries, with Russia where the respondents are more positive about the robotization, compared to Kazakhstan, where the respondents show lower interest in that development, 62% and 52% respectively (Figure 12). The main question of interest is would the implementation of robots affect negatively the number of visits to robotized businesses, e.g., bank offices, hotels and restaurants, etc. More than 43% of the respondents in Kazakhstan expressed dissatisfaction with the ethical aspect of robots usage (Russia – 18%), and 42% of Kazakhstanis reported that they fear job loss due to automation, in comparison with 23% of Russian respondents. This research contributes to the understanding of how the customers in the two studied countries consider the expected changes in the business and what may be their response to those changes. The limited number of respondents does not allow generalization of the results and conclusions, much bigger samples may be helpful to generalize. However, the findings are very informative and helpful in the decision-making process, as robotization requires financial investments and the attitude of the clientele about the quality of service they get is directly linked to the change of demand and business financial results. Based on these findings the hotel managers will be better prepared to decide if, when and how to introduce robots in the hotel business.

Ten years of the Citizen's Electronic Health Record e-SUS Primary Healthcare: in search of an electronic Unified Health System.

Contextualize the adherence to the Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão (PEC - Citizen's Electronic Health Record) by Brazilian municipalities and the evolution of the electronic strategy of the Unified Health System (e-SUS) for Primary Healthcare (PHC) during its 10 years. This descriptive study added information on adherence to the use of medical records extracted from the database of the Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde (SAPS- Primary Healthcare Secretary) of the Federal Government between 2017 and 2022. We analized the number of computerized basic healthcare units that used some electronic medical records, the number of those that used simplified data collection (SDC), and those that implemented the citizen's electronic health record (PEC) in the same period. A descriptive synthesis of the functionalities and modules implemented in the system during its 10 years of development was also carried out. The adherence of Brazilian municipalities to the PEC has grown exponentially in the last five years, going from 8,930 healthcare units in 2017 to 26,091 in 2022. As expected, while the main functionalities and improvements developed in this decade sought to implement new flows and modules of administrative, clinical care, and care management processes and health service administration, improving aspects of usability and technological infrastructure of the application architecture was also crucial for the success of the system. In 2023, the milestone of a decade will be celebrated since the beginning of health records implementation by Brazilian municipalities, marked by technological and infrastructure challenges and improvements and new functionalities that highlight the technological evolution of the e-SUS PHC system and strategy. Despite many other tools, the PEC is arguably Brazil's leading electronic medical record today, as it has always invested in evolution, updating itself in technological and usability opportunities.

Design Principles for the Interface of an Automated Medical Reporting System: a User Study in Preoperative Screening

This paper presents a qualitative design science study into the interface of an Automated Medical Reporting (AMR) system in order to establish user-centered design principles. AMR has been proposed as a solution to conquer the administrative burden in healthcare to improve patient-doctor contact. In order to expand this vision by including interface design principles without overlooking the usability aspects, a case study was performed within the preoperative screening department of an academic hospital. In this research, the current screening procedures were investigated by a task analysis, a heuristic evaluation of the current Electronic Health Record system, and stakeholder interviews. The preoperative screenings analysis and the findings of the interviews were translated into design choices. Based on these design choices and IT expert feedback, a treatment design in the form of a high-fidelity prototype of an AMR system for preoperative screenings was developed. This treatment was evaluated by conducting think-aloud sessions and a focus group. Based on the evaluations, ten elementary design principles were formulated for the AMR system interface, which have been categorized into four themes: (1) system status visibility, (2) care provider control, (3) consultation traceability, and (4) patient privacy. We also experienced that medical specialists find it hard to envision the future of their workflow using an AMR system, and that many individual preferences exist.

Studying usability of public health surveillance maps through framework based heuristic evaluation

Public health surveillance systems play a crucial role in detecting and responding to disease outbreaks. Visualizations of surveillance data are important for decision-making, but little attention has been paid to the usability and interaction of such systems. In this paper, we developed a set of 10 heuristics to assess the visualization and usability of public health surveillance systems. The heuristics cover aspects of perception, cognition, and interaction. The perception deals with how the system looks in the first glance and whether it has pleasant effect on the user or otherwise. Cognition deals with the question of whether enough information is provided to use the system, while usability and interaction deal with whether the system is user-friendly in terms of the tools provided for interaction and use. We recruited a panel of experts to evaluate a set of systems using our heuristics. Results showed that there was variation in the scores of the experts' assessments, indicating the importance of multiple expert evaluations. Our heuristics provide a practical and comprehensive tool for assessing the visualization and usability of public health surveillance systems, which can lead to improved decision-making and ultimately better public health outcomes. The results suggest that the heuristic based evaluation through a panel of experts can provide meaningful results and insights into the usability aspects of public health systems. The results suggest that for some systems there can be agreement in terms of evaluation while for some other systems the experts’ opinions can vary based on the weightage and importance each expert gives to a particular aspect.

Hot press machine user interface design based on usability evaluation

The success of a tool depends on user satisfaction, and users will feel satisfied if they can do their work effectively and efficiently. The Hotpress machine has been developed for the 3rd generation and is currently a tool for processing plastic waste into a substitute for plywood. This research aims to evaluate the usability level of the Hotpress G3 machine and design a user interface based on the evaluation results to make it easier for users to operate the machine. The Nielsen Attributes of Usability (NAU) Questionnaire is used to evaluate a machine's usability level, and Retrospective Think Aloud (RTA) is used to identify problems in user interaction with a product or system. The results obtained from this research are that based on the five attributes used, the Hotpress G3 machine has a low rating in four usability aspects based on the Nielsen model. Based on the results of the usability evaluation, a recommended user interface was designed, namely adding information to each control button according to its function, adding a sensor to determine whether the heating switch is on or not and providing information about the maximum temperature by adding an alarm to the engine box.

Online Risks and Opportunities For The Children Of Balochistan

In today’s digital era, the internet has emerged as a crucial and vital aspect of daily life, not only accessible to adults but also heavily consumed by teenagers and children alike for a multitude of purposes. This study seeks to investigate the diverse usage of the internet and mobile technologies by children from Baluchistan, aged from 9 to 17 years. It incorporates a quantitative approach, whereby the objective is to examine and explore online activities, their potential benefits, risks, and possible protective measures to be employed for young netizens. Around 103 children, ranging in age from 9 to 17, hailing from Baluchistan, the underdeveloped province of Pakistan were randomly sampled based on their access to the Internet and mobile phones. They were investigated for their day-to-day net usage and social media engagement. The findings of the study reveal that a significant majority of the children residing in the province have easy access to online platforms via mobile phones. Social media applications and online games are the major attractions that constitute most of their online activity, despite adults’ concerns about its current and potential impact on their physical, social, and mental well-being. A carefully designed UNESCO questionnaire was utilized as a tool to survey the sampled children, which was divided into 10 broad sections and consisted of around 100 questions. From each section, 16 questions were carefully identified and included in the current study, covering compelling aspects of digital media usage and its implications for young internet users.

Use of waste glass in concrete: A review

Concrete is widely used construction material in the present industry. The concrete consists of cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. Concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension. Also, the cement manufacturing industry on an average emits 7% of greenhouse gases to earth’s atmosphere which leads to global warming. In order to address these environmental affects extensive research is ongoing into the use of cement replacements, using many waste materials (like waste glass, plastics, fly ash, etc.) and industry’s byproducts. Waste glass is a non- biodegradable material and disposal of waste glass into the land results in the soil pollution. So, to avoid these disposable problems waste glass may be used as partial replacements of coarse and fine aggregates. It’s possible to add glass in the concrete by replacing either of the ingredients partially in a number of forms. Glass may be added in crushed form or in powder form along with the addition of admixtures/plasticizers or without addition of any of the alternate materials in the nominal concrete. Accordingly, a study about various aspects of usage of glass has been made in this paper to include it in concrete as an ingredient so that the best possible usage of glass form may be finalized and same may be used in the concrete with a partial replacement.

Unraveling the Impacts of Whatsapp Messaging on Interpersonal Communication Dynamics: A Study of University Students

This quantitative study investigates the influence of WhatsApp usage on interpersonal communication skills and interpersonal relationships among university students. Utilizing a self-administered questionnaire, 202 valid responses were collected to explore the correlation between WhatsApp use and these two variables. Our findings indicate a significant association between the frequency of WhatsApp usage and interpersonal communication skills and interpersonal relationships among the participating university students. This research contributes valuable insights into the contemporary dynamics of communication technology and its impact on the social fabric within educational settings. This can empower students to navigate the digital communication landscape with awareness and skill. Future research should adopt an interdisciplinary approach to study the cultural and psychological aspects of WhatsApp usage.

Assessment and Optimizing Task Performance through Artificial Intelligence Systems in Hangzhou Ruinan Information Technology Co., Ltd

This research study employs a quantitative-descriptive approach to evaluate and enhance task performance through the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems at Hangzhou Ruinan Information Technology Co., Ltd., a key player in the technology hub of Hangzhou City, China. The study comprises four main parts: examining AI system characteristics and provisioning, assessing actual task performance, investigating factors influencing system effectiveness, and identifying challenges impacting performance. Participants include management, IT professionals, and employees working with AI systems, providing valuable insights into system implementation and operation. Data analysis, utilizing weighted mean and verbal description techniques, offers both quantitative and qualitative perspectives on AI's role in optimizing task performance. Findings reveal strong scalability, efficient overall performance, and positive impacts on workflow processes and resource utilization. Security measures, especially in data protection, and usability aspects require attention for further enhancement. The study underscores the importance of reliable data, seamless user adoption, enhanced expertise, and consistent system performance in optimizing task performance through AI within the organization. Conclusions emphasize the need to strengthen security measures, enhance usability, and address areas for improvement. The study underscores the value of AI in achieving the organization's goal of enhancing task performance and productivity. Recommendations include initiatives to enhance data quality, streamline user acceptance, invest in employee skill development, and improve scalability and performance. These recommendations aim to guide Hangzhou Ruinan Information Technology Co., Ltd. in refining its AI systems to drive efficiency and excellence in its operations.

Penerapan Aplikasi E-Cuti Berbasis Web Dengan Extreme Programming (Studi Kasus: Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Barat)

ABSTRACT
 The West Jakarta Religious Court is one of the divisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, now the leave process at the West Jakarta Religious Court is conventional or in the sense of the word manual. From the results of my observations at the West Jakarta Religious Court, employees need to take a leave application form at the personnel division. After that, the employee needs to fill out a form and ask for a signature from the Head of Sub-Division of each division to obtain leave permission. Then from the Head of the Sub-Division continued by asking for the signature of the Head of the West Jakarta Religious Court. After obtaining signatures from the West Jakarta Religious Court, the form is continued back to the Head of Personnel Sub-Section to recap data and reduce the employee's remaining leave. Based on this problem, a solution is proposed to overcome this problem, namely by creating a Web-based employee E-Leave application at the West Jakarta Religious Court, using the PHP programming language and MySQL database, as well as a software development method using Extreme Programming. Testing on the E-Leave application used ISO 25010 with two aspects of testing, namely the functionality usability aspect and obtaining 100% results and the operability aspect obtaining 85.24% results.
 Keyword: West Jakarta PA Leave, Extreme Programming, Web, ISO 25010

Integrating analytical statistical models, sequential pattern mining, and fuzzy set theory for advanced mobile app reliability assessment

The study presents a new method for evaluating the reliability of mobile applications using the Corcoran model. This model includes several aspects of reliability, including performance, reliability, availability, scalability, security, usability, and testability. The Corcoran model can be applied to evaluate mobile applications by analysing key reliability metrics. Using the model significantly improves the reliability assessment of applications compared to traditional methods, which are primarily focused on desktop and server configurations. The aim of the study is to offer a more optimised approach to evaluating the reliability of mobile applications. The paper examines the problems faced by mobile app developers. This study represents a new application of the Corcoran model in evaluating the reliability of mobile applications. This model is characterised by an emphasis on the use of quantitative statistics and the ability to provide an accurate estimate of the probability of failure without any inaccuracies, which distinguishes this model from other software reliability models. The paper suggests using a combination of analytical statistical models, data extraction methods such as sequential pattern analysis, and fuzzy set theory to implement the Corcoran model. The application of the methodology is demonstrated by studying software error reports and conducting a comprehensive statistical analysis of them. To improve the results of future research, the paper suggests making more extensive use of the Corcoran model in various mobile applications and environments. It is recommended to change the model to take into account the constantly changing characteristics of mobile applications and their increasing complexity. In addition, it is advisable to conduct additional research to improve the data mining methods used in the model and explore the possibility of integrating artificial intelligence for more advanced software reliability analysis. Applying the Corcoran model to the mobile app development process to evaluate reliability can significantly improve the quality of applications, leading to increased customer satisfaction and trust in mobile apps. This model can serve as a guide for developers and companies to evaluate and improve their applications, driving innovation and continuous improvement in the competitive mobile app sector.

MYUMRAH: A DIGITAL UMRAH MOBILE GUIDE APPLICATION

Umrah, a sacred ritual in Islam, holds significant religious importance as believers seek to fulfill their faith. This article presents the development of the MyUmrah application, designed to assist pilgrims in their Umrah journey both before and during the performance of the ritual. This application encompasses various functions tailored to meet the needs of Umrah pilgrims. The development of MyUmrah follows an iterative application development process, beginning with the collection of data to establish requirements followed by design and development of the prototype that aligns with the identified requirements. To gain insights into the newly developed app, a prototype evaluation is conducted using dichotomous techniques, providing a comprehensive understanding of its functionality and effectiveness. The feedback received during the evaluation phase have been overwhelmingly positive, spanning various aspects of usefulness, usage, and design. This indicates a high level of acceptance and satisfaction among Umrah pilgrims. Users have reported positive experiences, affirming the application's effectiveness in facilitating a smooth Umrah experience. MyUmrah application proves to be beneficial, offering valuable assistance to pilgrims throughout their sacred journey.

The honey bee gut microbiota: a review under the perspective of bees threatened by agrochemicals

Although it is very well known that bees play a key role in the stability of several ecosystems globally, anthropogenic activities causing environmental degradation, such as the use of agrochemicals, can ultimately lead to the extinction of native species, with severe ecological consequences. The advances in high throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools in the last decades have contributed to the understanding of the importance of the microbiome for the health of different animal species. However, there is a paucity of information on the effects of the exposition to agrochemicals on the microbial composition of honeybees and how this can compromise their health. In this systematic review article, we discuss the composition and biological function of native honeybee gut microbiota and how it can be possibly affected by agrochemicals, including antibiotics. We performed a systematic literature review focusing on the effect of agrochemical use on the gut microbiota of honey bees. A bibliographical survey was conducted from 1950 to 2023 in all available databases. We used the keywords “honey bees”, “microbiome” and “agrochemicals”. A total of 95 papers addressing this topic were selected, carefully checked and grouped into three categories: 1) The bee microbiome and its importance; 2) Functional roles of the bee gut microbiome; and 3) The problem of the anthropic actions that threaten the gut microbiome of bees. The present report can serve future studies addressing the complex ecological aspects of antimicrobial usage in agriculture and livestock in the scope of honeybee preservation.

Metformin as an adjuvant option for systemic treatment of breast cancer

The modification of the used and development of new treatment regimens significantly improved the overall, recurrence-free survival and quality of life of patients with malignant oncological diseases. Recently, drugs used in non-oncological pathology have been introduced into cancer treatment regimens. This phenomenon is associated with a better understanding of the biology of tumor cells and the mutations that can change this biology. Metformin is actively researched in terms of the treatment of various oncological diseases. For the most part, the modification of the neoadjuvant treatment regimen for local or locally advanced stages of breast cancer results in a less traumatic variant of surgical procedure, thereby increasing recurrence-free survival. The aim is to systematize the data on the possibilities of the antitumor metformin usage for neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer and to study the results of clinical and morphological effectiveness of the treatment by reviewing the literature. A search of PubMed from February 2023 showed 258 results on the antitumor effects of metformin, of which only 159 were published in the last 5 years. On this subject only four clinical studies were carried out, and only one of them pertained to the implementation of metformin in the systemic treatment of breast cancer. For this review, 55 sources of general and specialized information on anticancer effects of metformin were analyzed. It should be noted that approximately 60% of the study results were published more than 5 years ago and primarily focused on the biological, not clinical aspects of metformin usage. Only one study regarding the implementation of metformin for systemic treatment of breast cancer was carried out by Ukrainian scientists. Currently, there are 2 main hypotheses regarding the antitumor effect of metformin. First one is driven by its impact on the metabolic function of cells and energy deficit. Second - the method of regulating the proliferation of tumor cells involves the PIK3 branch of the regulatory cascade of biological reactions in cancer cells. In addition, metformin reduces the development of resistance in breast cancer cells, thus allowing active chemotherapy agents to act in synergism. However, further studies on the effect of metformin used alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens require a more adequate definition of proto-oncogenic mutations and somatic mutation load. However, it should be considered that more aggressive therapy of oncological diseases can be a nosocomial selector of more aggressive clones of the pool of tumor cells. The main questions are whether metformin can be a targeted drug for the treatment of tumor, whether it is appropriate to use it at the time when the manifestation of evolution disturbances of tumor cell is minimal and homogeneity is maximal.

Implementation of COVID-19 Preventive Healthy Lifestyle (PHL) among Administration Staff and its association with Health Consciousness and Occupational Factors: A Cross Sectional Study in Faculty Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the pattern of human life toward a new life order,particularly in the office setting. Appeals, prohibitions, even large-scale social restrictions were implemented in order to decrease the cases. To cope with the rapid spread of the outbreak, citizens have to increase health consciousness and reduce their social interactions. The health consciousness require health protocols implementation. Ensuring high levels of compliance and several modifiable occupational risk factors in the office setting has been a challenge to manage the pandemic effectively.
 Methods: The research method used in this study is empirical research, by taking a problem-based approach to a behavioral approach namely health consciousness supported by primary data sourced from data sources. The data were obtained in October to November 2021.
 Results: When taken as a whole, the implementation of health protocols as part of the effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19 was relatively good; it's just that certain obstacles must be evaluated. The highest health consciousness scores were personal responsibility and health motivation. While the lowest of it were the psychological/inner state aspect and the health information and seeking usage. There was a positive correlation between the dimensions of health consciousness and several items of COVID-19 PHL (r > 0.3). The ease of applying COVID-19 PHL was significantly better for shift workers compared to non-shift workers, namely to severalitems of PHL. Based on the work pattern groups (WFH < 20 hours, WFH 20-40 hours and WFH > 40 hours, alternate to Work From Office (WFO)), there were no significance difference in the ease of implementation COVID-19 Preventive Healthy Lifestyle.
 Conclusion: Our results suggest that to effectively manage the pandemic, we should ensure that health consciousness is well-maintained, especially aspects of health information and seeking usage and psychological/inner state. 
 Keywords: health consciousness, COVID-19 Preventive Healthy Lifestyle (PHL) at the workplace, shift work, work patterns during pandemic

University Teachers’ Agency in Relation to Technology Use in Teaching: A Quantitative Investigation

This study investigates Danish university teachers’ agency in using digital technologies in teaching. Furthermore, it explores how teachers’ conduct and experienced constraints are connected to different dimensions of teachers’ agency.
 The paper is based on survey responses from 344 teachers about their agentic will and power to influence aspects of technology usage in teaching. Using an exploratory factor analysis, we identify three distinct factors and their relations: 1) wanting to control digital data and having the power to do so is distinct from 2) teachers’ power and will to control the technologies adopted and 3) how technologies are applied in teaching. Furthermore, all factors correlate with the teachers’ conduct (extent to which technology facilitates education interactions), while there are factor-specific patterns to the constraints (e.g., time, experience).
 The results provide a basis for revisiting teachers’ role in university decision-making. We include a discussion on the entangledness of agency across institutional levels.