Aspects Of Trade Research Articles

Caracterização do pescado comercializado em Monte Alegre, Baixo Amazonas, estado do Pará

The Amazon has fish of financial and food importance, and its main form of commercial distribution is through street markets, including in Monte Alegre, Pará. However, there are few studies on the variety of species offered in the municipality and how their trade behaves. Thus, this research diagnosed the fish found in municipal markets and aspects of local trade. The data were obtained through monthly interviews with fishmongers, over a period of one year. The price variation of the five most frequent species, considering the months and the seasonal period, was analyzed using ANOVA (one-way) and Kruskal-Wallis, considering α=0.05 and subsequent post-hoc tests. Thirty-one species were recorded, the main ones being tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), pirarucu (Arapaima gigas), curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans), pirapitinga (Piaractus bachypomus), tucunaré (Cichla sp.) and surubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp.), which were the fish most frequently mentioned in the fishmongers' responses. The price of some of the most important species in the market in Monte Alegre was related to the seasonal period, with the highest market value during the flood period, as observed for pirarucu and curimatã. Tambaqui had the highest price in April, the month with the highest rainfall during the period studied. This research highlights the diversity of fish sold in Monte Alegre, confirming the importance of natural fishing resources for feeding local populations. In addition, the study demonstrates the correlation between the dry and rainy seasons and the price of fish, in which the commercial value of relevant species becomes higher during the rainy season.

Dynamic Modeling and Optimization of Energy Storage in Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Systems

The power system landscape has evolved from isolated end-users to interactive communities due to advances in information and communication technologies. This paper explores peer-to-peer energy (P2PE) trading and sharing within a community, where customer incentives for energy exchange enhance collective profits. A two-stage optimization (TSO) framework is proposed: the first stage determines customer participation in P2PE, balancing individual and collective benefits, while the second stage optimizes economic aspects of P2P trading using a payment bargaining model. A case study demonstrates significant cost reductions and improved renewable energy utilization, with notable profit increments for participants. The study highlights the effectiveness of Nash bargaining theory and privacy-preserving algorithms in optimizing social welfare and economic interactions. Limitations include a focus on wind energy and simplified assumptions about energy storage. Future research should incorporate diverse renewable sources, dynamic modeling, and multi-community interactions.

International and national regulatory system of the intangible assets market

As part of the study, it was determined that increasing the competitiveness of business structures due to the intellectualization of their trade and economic activities led to a significant increase in the volume of the world market of intangible assets. The growth of the world market of intangible assets is accompanied by an increase in the vulnerability of its objects from the point of view of possible violations of their rights. We have identified the following reasons as the basis for violations regarding intangible assets: the legal field regulating trade relations in the field of transactions with intangible assets is created by the national legislation of different countries, which may differ significantly; growing trade in counterfeit goods and piracy. It is shown that the main purpose of creating the Agreement on Trade Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights within the framework of the World Trade Organization was the elimination of disagreements regarding the trade aspects of intellectual property rights in the legislative systems of individual countries; the importance of this Agreement in the context of the further development of the world market of intellectual property objects consists in the creation of principles and standards regarding the existence, scope and use of intellectual property rights, as well as in the development of effective means of compliance with these rights. It was found that the further development of the market of intellectual property objects requires an increase in the effectiveness of legal support and the need to create new approaches to solving, first of all, legal and organizational problems of the regulation of intellectual property rights at the regional and national levels in connection with the expansion of opportunities for the use of objects of intellectual property rights in new high-tech areas, including in the conditions of global networks, as well as in connection with the emergence of new objects of intellectual property. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the system of protection of intangible assets is directly related to the existing legal framework, and the directions for further improvement of the legislative support for the protection of intangible assets in the field of international business should be considered as follows: definition of mechanisms for the protection of intangible assets in the field of information technology, first of all, improvement of normative and legal framework in the field of protection of intellectual property rights on the Internet; development of provisions on the protection of commercial secret rights and sanctions for appropriating the authorship of someone else’s intellectual property; development of a more sophisticated counteraction to the movement through the customs territory of the country of goods that violate intellectual property rights; creation of normative and legal regulation of issues related to the need to carry out valuation of the value of intangible assets.

On trade in europe: anthropologists speak

This article is an introduction to the issue’s special theme on “Humans Buying and Selling: Anthropology of Trade (People, Goods, Structures, Relationships)”, featuring contributions by Svetlana Sidneva, Alexander Novik, Armando Maxia, Oxana Fais-Leutskaia, Julia Butschatskaja, and Irina Kucherova. The authors discuss the current state of trade as economic activity in a number of European regions, examining the local specificities of trade operations and their functioning, the symbolism of goods, the preservation of archaic traditional elements of “old ways of trade”, the human relationships of participants in these “games of exchange”, and other aspects of trade as a cultural phenomenon. Due to the fact that trade, especially in the context of modern developed societies, is infrequently considered as an object of anthropological research, while available studies in the vein of economic anthropology are mostly concerned with realities of the “Global South” or societies with “mixed economy”, these contributions are based on actual fieldwork material and represent an attempt at ethnographic reconstruction and anthropological analysis of trade through particular cases of European regions, such as Greece, Kosovo, Sardinia, Sicily, Germany, and Iceland. The contributors employ novel approaches to demonstrate the ongoing relevance of this theme in the context of contemporary culture.

Free trade and relative poverty nexus: Revisiting an age-old debate using a panel fixed approach

As trade volume has exponentially increased over the past decades, we investigated the impact of free trade on relative poverty using data from 123 countries between 1995 and 2018. In this investigation, we used three variables for free trade, reflecting three aspects of free trade, trade openness, trade barrier or trade freedom, and trade policy, and two variables for relative poverty; the income share of the bottom 10% and the bottom 20%. When economic growth, polity and socioeconomic factors are controlled for, we found that (1) trade openness hurts the poor, increasing relative poverty regardless of industrialization, (2) trade freedom benefits the poor, decreasing relative poverty although the poor in industrial countries are hurt by trade freedom, and (3) WTO membership as a proxy for a trade policy is not statistically significant to the poor, although it seems beneficial to the poor. Given these results, we conclude that free trade lowers relative poverty, implying that the income shares of the bottoms 10% and 20% can increase more than by 0.9%p and 1.5%p, respectively, as free trade is promoted.

The Impact of Globalization on World Nations: A Study on Protection, Welfare, and Producer Gain

This paper examines the effects of globalization on nations, focusing on economic, social, and cultural dimensions. It analyzes the roles of protectionism and globalization in shaping consumer welfare and producer earnings through qualitative methods and the Customs Union theory framework. The study discusses the benefits and drawbacks of globalization in the context of World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations. The findings indicate that globalization has intensified financial flows between countries, which can exacerbate economic crises. Countries with abundant human resources can capitalize on the international division of labor to specialize in high-value sectors, while those with limited resources risk falling behind in the digital landscape. This division of labor fosters specialization and improves production efficiency through targeted education. However, multinational corporations often impede cost-effective production in developing nations, underscoring the necessity to restructure research and development to facilitate technology adoption in underdeveloped areas. This restructuring can help close the technological gap and encourage equitable participation in the global economy. Jel code Classification: D6: Welfare economics, Fo1 Global outlook, F40: General F4: Macroeconomics aspects of international trade and finance

Value, knowledge and reputation: zoological exchange by Australian museums, 1870-1900.

The burgeoning nineteenth-century public-museum sector built a significant part of its natural-history specimen collections through extensive international trading. The early 2020s has seen an upsurge of scholarly interest in this largely overlooked trade. Exchange was a distinctive aspect of the natural-history trade that reveals much about the diverse practices and motives of the institutional collectors. Economic-geographic benefits included conserving the limited financial resources of museums and exploiting complementarities in the geographic distribution of specimens. Collection management, institutional reputation, social connection and international diplomacy were also part of a complex mix of value making that shaped this important international trade. We analyse the exchange practices of the three largest museums in the Australian colonies in the final three decades of the nineteenth century who exchanged Australia's 'rare and curious' fauna with collectors across the globe. By deploying and analysing extensive, comparative data on a particular form of natural history, zoology, and a particular kind of trade, exchange trading, among three Australian museums, this paper extends and enriches recent scholarship on the mobility of natural-history specimens and how they were traded.

Towards net zero: Comprehensive approach for voluntary carbon trading among microgrids

In the context of growing focus over climate changes and promoting sustainability across a various range of fields, microgrids can play a significant role in global decarbonization endeavors, contributing to carbon neutrality and ultimately attaining net-zero emissions in the energy sector. The objective of this paper is to address the integration of voluntary carbon trading within microgrid communities, in the perspective to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and boost the integration of renewable energy sources (RES). Introducing five modular algorithms managing key aspects of carbon trading, the study engineers a comprehensive framework aiming to optimally orchestrate the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) within microgrids. Particularly, the developed algorithms address aspects such as market enrollment decision, optimal energy dispatch, managing the market transactions, sellers-buyers matching as well as the dynamic adjustment of carbon credit prices and emission taxes. The framework has been rigorously tested across three distinct scenarios. Results show that the developed VCM, with adequate configurations, has the potential to incentivize microgrids to curtail their GHG emissions, encourage the integration of more RES into their generation mix, and rewards the more proactive microgrids with substantial financial incentives.

Evolution Aspects of Trade and Commerce in the Hoysala Period from 11th to 14th Centuries

Evolution Aspects of Trade and Commerce in the Hoysala Period from 11th to 14th Centuries

Strategizing in a turbulent world: Analyzing the effects of international sanctions and policy shifts on corporate innovation

This study examines the impact of international sanctions and policy shifts on the technological innovation of non-financial publicly listed companies in China from 2007 to 2022. It articulates the theoretical mechanisms through which international sanctions affect corporate technological innovation, considering aspects of international trade and capital flows. The findings indicate that international sanctions significantly inhibit corporate innovation, whereas policy shifts substantially foster it. Moreover, international sanctions can restrict corporate innovation through limitations on international trade and capital flows. Based on these findings, the study proposes relevant recommendations.

A Study on Export Receipts and Import Payments of Goods and Services the Analysis for Bank of Bangladesh

Bangladesh's Central Bank regulates international trade and monetary policy. To maintain a balanced trade, the bank promotes exporters and controls imports. The bank monitors the foreign exchange market and implements policies to help the country's economic growth and development. Bangladesh's export payments and receipts by key commodities, geographic region, and service delivery approach is studied. The banking sector has grown exponentially, resulting in new banks, modernised banks, and new services to meet people's requirements. Over 50 local and foreign banks compete for service delivery, interest rates and customer base. Export receipts of services and import payments of services the number of observations in the two variables, and our hypothesised mean difference to the degrees of freedom. Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted and the two-tail p-value increases. The significance of the difference between groups is unaffected by a negative t-value. Imports Major Commodities research F-value is good, but P-value is (0.00), which is highly significant. The null hypothesis is rejected. The study focusing on export receipt and import payments is essential as it deals with the financial aspect of international trade. Export receipts essentially refer to the payments received by a nation for the goods and services it exports to other countries while import payments refer to the goods and services brought in from other countries. This study is import payments as it provides insights into the economic conditions of nations concerning their global trade relations. It also helps nation assess their trade strengths and weaknesses to complete globally

“Especially in This Free Country”: Webs of Empire, Slavery, and the Fur Trade

Spanning the years from late 1600s and into the early 1800s “‘Especially in This Free Country:’ Webs of Empire, Slavery and the Fur Trade” challenges a historiography that positions what has come to be known as the Canadian fur trade as exceptional in its relationships between colonizers and Indigenous peoples, where interactions between Indigenous producers and non-Indigenous traders are presented as largely cooperative and peaceful and as rooted in relationships that operated in the absence of coerced or unfree labour. In fact, the fur trade, connected as it was through webs of family/business relationships to the rest of the colonial world was not exceptional. Across northern North America the fur trade world experienced the same sorts of violence, including chattel slavery, as the rest of the empires with which these webs connected. Far from absent, colonial violence was a part of the Canadian fur trade just as it was a part of empire. Located in the pre-history of Canada, this thesis responds to Harvey Amani Whitfield’s observation that, although there have been some excellent studies of slavery in Canada recently, “slavery has not become part of the Canadian national narrative” 1 by arguing that chattel slavery in the fur trade in what would become Canada was linked to the empires it was a part of, pervasive, integrated into all aspects of the fur trade, and occurred across the northern North American continent.

Buying and Selling Online from the Perspective of Hadith Science

The aim of this research is to elucidate how the law of online trading is viewed from the perspective of Hadith. Many Hadiths discuss trading, and several of them are utilized to understand the legal aspects of online trading. In this digital era, the use of online trading methods is widespread. However, we must pay closer attention when using these methods. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Regarding the discussion that follows, we have collected data from books and journals, utilizing a library research method. Online trading also presents several issues, and Hadiths are used to provide solutions to these online trading problems

Estimating digital product trade through corporate revenue data

Despite global efforts to harmonize international trade statistics, our understanding of digital trade and its implications remains limited. Here, we introduce a method to estimate bilateral exports and imports for dozens of sectors starting from the corporate revenue data of large digital firms. This method allows us to provide estimates for digitally ordered and delivered trade involving digital goods (e.g. video games), productized services (e.g. digital advertising), and digital intermediation fees (e.g. hotel rental), which together we call digital products. We use these estimates to study five key aspects of digital trade. We find that, compared to trade in physical goods, digital product exports are more spatially concentrated, have been growing faster, and can offset trade balance estimates, like the United States trade deficit on physical goods. We also find that countries that have decoupled economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions tend to have larger digital exports and that digital exports contribute positively to the complexity of economies. This method, dataset, and findings provide a new lens to understand the impact of international trade in digital products.

РОЗВИТОК МІЖНАРОДНИХ ТОРГІВЕЛЬНИХ ВІДНОСИН В КОНТЕКСТІ МІЖНАРОДНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ

Introduction. Integration into the global economy and active participation in international trade contribute to economic development, job creation, and improved living standards. The application of international management in this context helps companies to effectively manage their international operations, adapt to different cultural and regulatory environments, and ensure sustainable development in the global economy. The purpose of the article. International trade is an important element of the global economic system that affects the development and welfare of countries. The main purpose of this article is to study the essence of international trade and its role in the system of international management. Formulation of the goal allowed us to identify a number of tasks to clarify the essence of international trade and the main factors of its development, to analyze the trends in Ukraine's trade with the European Union and the rest of the world. Metods. The study of international trade development in the context of international management requires the use of empirical research methods and analysis of statistical data that allow for a comprehensive analysis of market dynamics, the commodity structure of international trade, and the impact of global processes. Results. The article proves that international trade is a central link in the complex system of the global economy and plays a key role in the interaction between countries and regions of the world, influencing their economies, politics and society. It is also determined that international trade provides countries with access to a variety of goods and services that they do not produce or cannot produce on their own. The paper substantiates the importance of import and export growth in developed countries and identifies the interrelationships between different regions of the world. An important aspect of Ukraine's international trade based on Ukraine's relations with the European Union is also highlighted. The steps that Ukraine is taking to maintain such relations are also outlined. Based on the analysis, it is proved that Ukraine's exports are growing, especially in the context of trade with the EU, but there are certain dynamics and peculiarities in interaction with other regions of the world. Conclusiоns. The development of Ukraine's export potential and integration into the global economy are possible only if the structure of international trade is radically improved. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to use various forms of international economic cooperation.

The Impact of Gross Domestic Products (GDP), US Dollar Exchange Rates and Money Supply on Indonesian Salt Imports From 2003 To 2022

International trade is an important aspect of a country's economy. International trade is the exchange of goods, services, or other factors of production across national borders. One example of international trade is exports and imports. Export and import activities have a close relationship with demand and supply. In this study, we will examine one of the important aspects of international trade, namely imports. Indonesia, as a country that has a wide coastline and a large water area, still needs to import salt from other countries to meet the salt needs in Indonesia itself. Therefore, research will be conducted on salt imports in Indonesia as influenced by Gross Domestic Product, US Dollar Exchange Rate, and Money Supply. In this study, there is a period of twenty years, from 2003 to 2022. The number of observations in this study is eighty because there are four variables with a research data period of twenty years. The objectives of this study are 1) to analyze the effect of GDP, the US Dollar Exchange Rate, and the Amount of Money in Circulation simultaneously on Salt imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022, 2) to analyze the effect of GDP, the US Dollar Exchange Rate, and the Amount of Money in Circulation partially on Salt imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022, and 3) to find out the variables that have the most dominant influence on Salt Imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022. The results of this study show that GDP and the amount of money in circulation have a positive effect on salt imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022, and the US dollar exchange rate has a negative effect on salt imports in Indonesia. Gross Domestic Product has the most dominant influence on the Salt Import variable, among other variables.

Khat use and related determinants among pregnant women within Haramaya, Ethiopia: a mixed methods study.

Khat, a green leafy plant grown in East Africa and throughout the Arabian Peninsula, is chewed for its psychoactive and amphetamine-like effects, serving as a significant aspect of culture, economic livelihood, and global trade. Khat consumption during pregnancy has been associated with adverse effects, including anemia, premature rupture of membranes, and low birth weight, among others. This cross-sectional, explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted in the Haramaya District of eastern Ethiopia using a questionnaire and focus group discussions. Questionnaires assessed socio-demographic information, pregnancy history, and diet, including khat use. Data were analyzed using SPSS v28 to include descriptive statistics, proportions, odds ratios, binary logistic regression, and chi-square analysis. FGDs expanded on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of khat in the region, including pregnant or lactating women from two different kebeles. Two independent reviewers conducted a qualitative content analysis to examine the qualitative findings from the FGDs. Transcripts from the focus groups were entered into NVivo 14 to aid in capturing salient themes. A total of 444 pregnant women with a median age of 25 years completed the questionnaire. Two-thirds of the women, 66.9%, reported currently consuming khat while pregnant, and 72.7% of them reported daily consumption. The FGD analysis resulted in the discovery of five themes: Economic Livelihood, Maternal Significance, Medicinal Implications of Khat, Pesticide Use, and Social and Cultural Applications. This study revealed an alarming high prevalence of khat consumption among pregnant women in the Haramaya District, highlighting the pressing need for long-term studies to assess the health consequences. The role of khat as both an economic staple and an energy source for daily activities underscores the challenges in curbing its use. The documented health risks associated with the chemicals used in khat cultivation, including cancer, call for interventions to enhance safe agricultural practices in households involved in khat farming.

The Role Of Imports In Development According To Islamic And Conventional Macroeconomic Perspectives

Indonesia as a developing country is expected to always make developments by carrying out development in all fields to achieve a prosperous country. However, because the source of financing for national development is not small, apart from foreign exchange reserves, the source of financing and funding for a country's national development is foreign debt that the country borrows from other countries. Aspects of international trade, especially in the field of export-import, which will be the topic of discussion in this scientific research, this research methodology as a whole is a type of descriptive-analytical research with qualitative research. Research results as follows 1) The role of imports in Islamic macroeconomic development is very important because Indonesia's imports which include oil and gas imports and non-oil and gas imports all come from the world's earth, especially oil and gas imports must be limited to domestic needs that are needed by the community, especially fuel; 2) The role of imports in conventional macroeconomic development is also quite important in the life needs of Indonesian society; 3) The government as the policy maker of Indonesian Imports, must see and supervise Indonesian imports by issuing new policies on Indonesian Imports so that government and private companies do not monopolize in importing goods into Indonesia.

PENERAPAN PRINSIP PRUDENTIAL BANKING PADA PEMBIAYAAN KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT MIKRO: STUDI PADA BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA CABANG BANDA ACEH

Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) is a credit facility to middle to lower class customers that issued by banking industries in Indonesia, which focusses on aspects of livestock, trade, and agriculture. PT Bank Syariah Indonesia, Banda Aceh is one of bank company which issues this product and always applies prudent banking principles, especially in financing. The application of the prudential principle is carried out starting from the beginning of the debtor applying for credit analysis of KUR financing until the financing is paid off. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive approach through case studies. The result finds that the application of prudential banking principles applied to the company can be seen from the various provisions set by Bank Indonesia. The provisions of the prudential principle are the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), namely the maximum credit provision (Maximum Lending Limit), the allowance for productive asset liabilities, and the provisions that regulate banking itself. The company can be seen from non-performing loans, it seems that their non-performing loans originated from year to year are increasing even though they have implemented the prudential principle, but there are still non-performing loans.

A Review of Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Markets: Enabling Models and Technologies

This paper presents a detailed review of the existing literature on peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading considering market architectures, trading strategies, and enabling technologies. P2P energy trading enables individual users in the electricity network to act as sellers or buyers and trade energy among each other. To facilitate the discussion on different aspects of P2P energy trading, this paper focuses on P2P market mechanisms, relevant bidding strategies, and auction models. In addition, to solve the energy management problems associated with P2P energy trading, this paper investigates widely used solution methods such as game-theoretic models, mathematical optimisation, as well as more recent machine learning techniques and evaluates them in a critical manner. The outcomes of this investigation along with the identification of the challenges and limitations will allow researchers to find suitable P2P energy trading mechanisms based on different market contexts. Moreover, the discussions on potential future research directions are expected to improve the effectiveness of P2P energy trading technologies.