Aspects Of Solid Waste Management Research Articles

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste management is a critical aspect of urban sustainability, encompassing the collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste materials. Effective solid waste management practices are essential to minimize environmental pollution, conserve natural resources, and promote public health. This abstract explores various aspects of solid waste management, including waste reduction, recycling, composting, and landfill management, highlighting the importance of integrated waste management systems. The abstract also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with solid waste management, such as the need for innovative technologies and policies to improve waste collection and treatment efficiency. It emphasizes the importance of public education and awareness campaigns to promote waste reduction and recycling practices. Overall, the abstract underscores the importance of sustainable solid waste management practices in creating cleaner, healthier, and more resilient communities. Keywords: 1. Solid and liquid waste management 2. Waste water 3. Reuse 4. Recycle.

Solid Household and Medical Wastes and COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview

Introduction: This overview provides information on epidemiological aspects of solid waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the contribution of health care to the increase in the global waste generation and its impact on environmental pollution. It also highlights up-to-date methods of countering the biological threat of pollution with solid household and medical wastes contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. Objective: To analyze publications on changes in the structure and amount of waste during the pandemic with account for the specifics of work of municipal services. Methods: We searched for scientific papers published in 2020–2021 in electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, eLIBRARY and ResearchGate) using the following keywords: COVID-19, medical wastes, environment, and plastic pollution. Out of 97 sources found, we selected 55 papers taking into account the keywords and then reviewed 40 publications for this work. Results: We established that the production of medicinal and other disposable products increased sharply during the coronavirus pandemic. Apart from the additional burden on the environment due to improper disposal of contaminated items, the latter increased the risk of the disease spread. Numerous studies have confirmed the three-day viability of SARS-CoV-2 on plastics, which suggests the persistence of the virus on waste and is important for epidemiological assessment of the situation. This overview describes solid household and medical waste management solutions developed in Russia and abroad. Conclusions: The review confirms the global problem of environmental pollution with solid household wastes. In addition to the increased burden on the environment, inappropriate biologically hazardous waste management and treatment pose the risk of COVID-19 spread in the general population. Effective measures for the disposal of medical waste are being developed around the world now. New standards of solid waste transportation and municipal personnel safety during the pandemic are being elaborated. The overview discusses the existing systems of municipal waste management in different countries and the specifics of work of municipal services related to the novel coronavirus disease.

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH: A STUDY OF X MUNICIPALITY

Proper solid waste disposal is very important for the nature itself and its’ inhabitants. However, a study covering various aspects of solid waste management including management practices, prevailing problems and possible solutions are scarce in the literature. Accordingly, this study investigates a municipality of Bangladesh to understand the practices, problems and probable solutions of solid waste management. The dwellers of the surveyed municipality throw solid waste in various places like dustbin, drain, roadside and other crude dumping sites. Only about one-fourth of the respondents throw wastes to designated dustbins. More than half of the respondents don’t have knowledge about proper disposal of solid wastes. The study findings indicate that the survey respondents throw waste throughout the whole day. More than 80 percent of the respondents are either dissatisfied or highly dissatisfied with the existing solid waste management services of the municipality. The data indicate that about two-third of the respondents are willing to pay for improving the waste disposal system. The respondents informed that they are affected by various diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis during the last one year which they perceive as the outcome of improper solid waste management. Therefore, this study suggests for awareness development, time management of waste disposal, establishment of more disposal and collection points, employment of more manpower and vehicles, introduction of the ‘door to door’ waste collection mechanism, segregation of industrial and clinical wastes for ensuring a better managed solid waste disposal system in the municipality.

A systematic review of pure metals reinforced plastic composites

In conjunction with the pressing and rising needs to develop improved materials for modern tastes and demands, developing metal-reinforced plastic composites is equally a key aspect of solid waste management. In this study, the literature on pure metal-reinforced plastic composites was systematically reviewed to catalogue key findings, observe trends in results, evaluate the progress of the research area and predict future perspectives. The major metals used as fillers in plastic composites are aluminium, copper and iron and the most used polymer is epoxy. Aluminium is the most popular metal used due to its low cost, corrosion resistance, availability and excellent thermal and electrical properties. Studies preferred manual mixing, hand layup and casting for the composite production. Parametric studies have delved into the factor-response relationships for filler content against morphological, physical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of the composites. The nature of the base plastic resin had a greater influence on the electrical properties of the plastics and the conductivities of the composites in terms of their base resin was in the order PS > EP > PVC. Tribological investigations revealed that wear rate increased with increasing test load and speed and that increase in metal fillers was led to greater wear resistance. From the review, the need to gain further knowledge on the corrosion characteristics, flame retardation ability and effect of other process factors were noted. Metal reinforced plastic composites can be served as semiconductors, dielectric materials, ballistic protections, building panels and aircraft materials. Investigations and breakthroughs in this research area would be invaluable to many of other areas in science and technology.

Morphological and thermal properties of polystyrene composite reinforced with biochar from elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum )

The use of wastes in the development of useful material is a key aspect of solid waste management. The aim of this study was to utilize biochar from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) as fillers...

Morphological and thermal properties of polystyrene composite reinforced with biochar from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

The use of wastes in the development of useful material is a key aspect of solid waste management. The aim of this study was to utilize biochar from elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum) as fillers in polystyrene composites with focus on the morphological and thermal properties of the developed composites. The composites were prepared by hand lay-up technique. The prepared resin and final composite were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The biochar also did not contain any reactive hydrophilic groups, thus, it is compatible with polystyrene. Estimated heat capacities of the composites from the thermal test results showed that to obtain a composite of heat capacity range between 600 J/kg·K and 760 J/kg·K, a 10–30 wt% range of biochar composition should be maintained. At 30 wt% biochar composition, heat capacity was at a maximum value of 757.66 J/kg·K.

Status of Household Solid Waste Management and Associated Factors in a Slum Community in Kampala, Uganda.

Background Only a third of the total waste generated in slum communities in Kampala is collected and disposed of to the landfill every month. This study assessed the status of household solid waste management and associated factors in a slum community in Kampala, Uganda. Methods We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study involving 395 households using a semistructured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Proper solid waste management was determined based on possession of waste collection and storage receptacle; collection receptacle ability to minimise nuisances (covered); segregation of waste; presence of flies and other vectors; and collection receptacle fill status. Prevalence rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used as a measure of association. Results Only, 41.3% (163/395) of the households exhibited proper waste management practices. The majority of the households 85.8% (339/395) owned solid waste storage receptacles, most of which were sacs 61.7% (209/339) and would minimise nuisances 72.9% (245/339). The main type of waste collected was biodegradable materials 56.7% (224/395). The majority of the households 78.7% (311/395) did not segregate their waste. Solid waste was mainly transported to the collection point by pulling the collecting sac 54.4% (215/395). The city authority 73.9% (292/395) and private companies 12.9% (51/395) were the major entities collecting waste. Factors associated with proper waste management were collecting waste in plastic containers (adjusted PR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.04–1.55)), polythene bags (adjusted PR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.14–0.47)), and paper bags or metallic bins (adjusted PR = 0.13, 95% CI (0.03–0.44)) as well as awareness of solid waste management laws (adjusted PR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.20–1.85)) and the dangers of improper solid waste management (adjusted PR = 2.15, 95% CI (1.51–3.06)). Conclusion Solid waste management was generally poor. As such, a cascade of interventions that address knowledge, physical, and behavioural aspects of solid waste management is required to improve its management in slum communities.

Implementation of environmental policy on solid waste management in Bondowoso Regency - Indonesia

Solid waste is an important issue in the urban area that is in line with the increasing of resident’s number and the population activities. This study aims to analyze the problem and aspect related to waste management including operational-technical aspects, institutional aspect, legal and regulatory aspects, and community participation aspect in Bondowoso Regency. This study was descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The Data collected by literature study then analyzed qualitatively. There are laws correlated to solid waste management in Bondowoso, consist of: 1) Law No. 18 of 2008 on Solid Waste Management, 2) Law No. 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Environmental Management, 3) Government Regulations No. 81 of 2012 on Management of Domestic Solid Waste and Domestic-Like Solid Waste, 4) Local Regulations No. 3 of 2011 on Solid Waste Management In Bondowoso, and 5) Regent Regulation No. 82 of 2018 on Strategy and Policy Management of Domestic Solid Waste and Domestic Like Solid Waste. In addition, the Government of Bondowoso Regency has done many aspects of solid waste management, namely legal aspects, operational technical aspects, institutional aspects, and public participation.

The Multifaceted Waste Management Issues in Nigeria: Lagos State as a Case Study.

Nigeria is presently experiencing adverse pollution as a result of lack of proper waste management and diverse industrial activities within its environs. The repercussion of this has consequently led to the deplorable state of the environment as well as the low quality of health amongst Nigerians. Solid waste management has become a huge and complex problem due to geometric population growth, urbanization, and industrialization and the rising standard of living. It is evident that solid waste management in Nigeria is plagued with inefficient collection methods, insufficient coverage of the collection system, improper disposal of wastes, lack of institutional coordination, insufficient financial resources, the absence of enforceable regulations and standards, and inappropriate technology. It is therefore pertinent to state that laws and policies, as well as the institutional, political, socio-cultural, financial, economic and technical aspects of solid waste management, should be accorded the requisite attention. This paper points out the health hazards of the wrongful emission of toxic gases as a result of waste burning, the legal framework in place to tackle this menace and the modern and sustainable approach to waste management in Lagos State and Nigeria as a whole.

WASTE AUDIT IN UMT CAMPUS : GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WASTE IN CAFETERIA AND FOOD KIOSK

Waste Management problem became the most challenging issues with the increasing of global population. Universities as higher educational institution should create knowledge, take a lead on environmental protection and sustainability practices for promoting public awareness on adapting the concept of sustainability for a better quality of living as well as integrate sustainability in their educational and research programs. In the aspect of solid waste management, solid waste audit need to be conducted for the determination of the total amount of waste generation, the current practise of waste management and waste characterization hence specific improvement can be identified and implemented. Cafeterias have been known to generate multiple waste such as biodegradable waste, recyclable waste and non-recyclable waste. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the generation, characterization and current management practices of waste produced within cafeterias and food kioks currently operating within Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). The study involves distribution of questionnaires to 370 respondents, representative numbers based on UMT population of UMT that has reached 10900 and characterization of solid waste produced by the respected cafeterias and food kiosks for the duration of two weeks. The results found that the total generation of solid waste was 1753kg with average 125kg generation per day. Waste classification were 59% (food waste), 21 % (papers), 13% (plastics), 4 % (tin/aluminium), 1.3% (polystyrene), 1.2%Â (Glass) and 0.02% (Others). Estimation of the average waste generation was determined through weighted process using scale machine. The weighted waste were segregated according to their type and categories. The survey conducted found that majority of respondent have knowledge about solid waste management (>80%) but still lack of awareness towards solid waste management in cafeteria and food kiosk whether simply by recycling and separating. The survey also suggests that UMT community to bring their own containers for take away and to participate more in solid waste awareness programme. The high proportion of organic waste more than 60% exceeding the typical 40% national generation indicated a strong urge to place organic waste compost bin in cafeteria so that the highly generated organic waste can be utilized and converted into compost whilst reduce waste disposal cost.Â

An Assessment of Environmental Sanitation and Solid Waste Management in Ibadan North Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria

Poorly controlled and roadside dumping of wastes not only degrades aesthetic quality and beauty of the environment but also pollute soil and water resources as well as serving as potential health hazards to the populace. This study was therefore carried out to assess the environmental sanitation and solid waste management in Ibadan North Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria. Structural functionalist theory and theory of planned behaviour were used as the theoretical framework. The study employed descriptive survey design. The sample for the study was 416 respondents selected through a combination of cluster and purposive sampling techniques. Primary data were collected through questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data collected were analysed at both univariate and bivariate levels while qualitative data were content analysed. Findings from the study revealed that environmental sanitation and solid wastes are managed by a combination of agencies at both state and local government levels as well as private agencies. There was a significant relationship between the awareness of governmental agencies and awareness of public/private partnership (X2=12.887, df=l, p<O.05). Majority of the residents acknowledged the effectiveness of the public/private partnership and there was a positive relationship between the residential wards of respondents and the means of waste disposal employed such as burning (X2=26.081, df=J1, p<O.05) with the exception of community dumpsites which showed a negative relationship (X2=17.788, df=ll, p>O.05). Also, the relationship between residential wards of respondents and the number of times solid wastes are collected was positive (X2=85.810, df=44, p<O.05). The communities with inaccessible roads are hardly visited by the governmental and private agencies to collect solid wastes. The study also showed that residents in Ibadan North LGA have positive attitudes concerning some aspects of environmental sanitation but have negative attitudes towards other aspects of solid waste management. There should be continuous enlightenment of residents, strict enforcement of sanctions and rewards for good waste management practice in order to enhance the effectiveness of solid waste management in Ibadan North LGA.

Lifecycle Process Model for Municipal Solid Waste Collection

AbstractA process model was developed using a lifecycle approach to estimate the cost and energy use associated with municipal solid waste collection, which is the most fuel-intensive and often the most costly aspect of solid waste management. The model divides collection service areas into single-family residential, multi-family residential, and commercial sectors with sector-specific, user-defined characteristics, including population, waste generation, and waste composition. Waste is collected by a set of processes (e.g., residual waste, recyclables collection) defined by costs, collection activity parameters, and energy use. The model overpredicted fuel use by ~25% compared with data obtained from actual single-family residential collection routes and their average fuel efficiencies, but was within 10% when modal fuel efficiencies (e.g., driving, idling) were considered. Adding recyclables or yard waste collection to a mixed waste collection program increased fuel consumption by approximately 75% per ...

Assessment of the Social, Economic and Environmental Aspects of Solid Waste Management in Selected Open Dumpsites in Kenya

Assessment of the Social, Economic and Environmental Aspects of Solid Waste Management in Selected Open Dumpsites in Kenya

Environmental and Public Health Aspects of Solid Waste Management at the Lemna Dumpsite in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

This study is aimed at investigating the level of environmental pollution and the potential impacts of municipal solid wastes on public health. The health risk assessment was determined through a survey of the present facilities used for solid waste management in the metropolis. Waste bins, types of depots, modes of transportation of wastes to disposal sites and methods of disposal were amongst the facilities investigated. The microbiological and physicochemical analysis of decomposing solid waste, leachate, soil, air at dumpsite, stream and Ikot Effanga Mkpa river waters were carried out using standard microbiological procedures. The prevalent bacteria besides fungi isolated from decomposing solid waste, soil, leachate, stream and river water samples were Escherichia coli 55 (13.31%) and 48 (14.33%) Chromobacterium spp 36 (18.18%), Staphylococcus spp 37 (17.70%), Salmonella spp 45(16.85%) and Klebsiella spp (17.06%) respectively. Statistical analysis of the bacterial and fungal counts showed significant difference (p<0.05) between the sources of sampling, months of sampling and seasons of sampling. Decomposing solid wastes followed by soil and leachate had the highest counts at 5% level of probability. The high bacterial counts coupled with these findings are indicative of the possible high risk of microbial infections and a potential destruction of biodiversity from the toxic chemicals of the wastes. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that virtually, most of the parameters determined are above the WHO permissible limits for drinking water. It is recommended that a fit for purpose strategy be developed for waste management with control measures that are health and eco-friendly.

Source Specific Quantification, Characterisation and Management of Solid Waste in Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria

The most important aspect of solid waste management is the quantity and characteristics of waste to be managed. Lapai town lacks data on quantity of waste generated and their characteristics for efficient and sustainable waste management. This study is the quantification, characterisation and management of solid waste in Lapai. The study employs the method of source specific quantification and characteristics of the solid waste generated in Lapai because there is no effective landfill and no efficient functional system of waste collection and disposal. 300 questionnaires were administered to selected houses/business premises. At these 300 sampled premises, the solid waste were sorted out, characterized and weighed. The data generated was analysed using descriptive statistics. The study reveals that of the average waste generated per day, food waste has the highest percentage generation of 20%, followed by polythene and plastics with 16% while wood pieces and saw dust has the least with 2%. For efficient and sustainable solid waste management in Lapai it is recommended that Lapai Local Government Area Council should establish a proper waste management agency in line with the constitutional mandate on refuse disposal enshrined in the fourth schedule of Nigeria constitution. There is the need to reintroduce sanitary inspectors, embark on sustained environmental education and a land fill should be developed and managed properly, just as other methods of waste disposal such as incineration, composting and recycling should be considered.Key words: Solid waste characterisation, waste quantification, waste storage facilities, wastedisposal, landfill, sanitary inspectors

Municipal Solid Waste Management in Moradabad City, India

The paper tries to estimate the rate of waste generation per head/per day, to identify suitable sites for waste disposal, to find out optimal route for collection vehicles and to analyze the financial aspects of solid waste management in Moradabad City, India.The study is based on sample of 2,500 households and secondary data. The City generates about 318 tones of solid waste with an average per capita rate of 460 gram per day. Collection and disposal efficiency is nearly 64%. Sensitivity analysis of the present disposal site as per the norms of Central Pollution Control Board indicates that it is moderately suitable. Subsequently two new disposal sites were identified. Redefined routes and related issues were evaluated in financial terms. It is estimated that by adopting the proposed plan, the expenditure on waste management will increase by about 52%, but at the same time about 90% of city area and 95% of city population will be served.

Special Issue on Innovations in Solid Waste Engineering and Management: The 2008 Global Waste Management Symposium

This special issue contains a series of papers that were presented at the first Global Waste Management Symposium GWMS and then submitted as complete manuscripts. The GWMS was held in September 2008 in Copper Mountain, Colorado, and was among the largest meetings ever in the United States in the area of solid waste engineering and management. The GWMS brought together more than 500 people from many countries to address all aspects of solid waste management. Like many success stories, the seed for the GWMS was developed by leaders in the solid waste industry during an informal meeting. The goal was to bring

Street littering in Nigerian towns: towards framework for sustainable urban cleanliness

An aspect of solid waste management that has become almost intractable to local authorities in Nigeria is street littering. In a study carried out across the country in April/May 2008, this paper tried to expose some of the major factors that contribute to street littering. Six thousand subjects living along 120 streets (6 streets per town) were interviewed in 20 towns in the six geopolitical zones of the country. Data was collected for a period of five days and were focused on several questions bordering on street littering (why they littered, what they littered, where they littered, etc.), and their personal information (age, sex, income status, educational levels etc.). Data was analysed using univariate and multivariate models. Results showed that the litter problem was quite intense in all the streets surveyed. The level of education, age and income of subjects were major determinants of their littering habit. We also found that subjects littered the streets for several reasons (absence of bins, inefficiencies of local authorities, ignorance, weak legislation, anger, stress, etc). Finally, the study presented a framework for a sustainable urban cleanliness in the country.Key Words: attitude, behaviour, cleanliness, littering, street, sustainable.

Governing solid waste management in Mazatenango, Guatemala: Problems and prospects

Many smaller cities in developing countries are only beginning to plan for appropriate solid waste management systems. The majority of waste management systems in developing countries fail to address residents' sanitation needs properly. In this paper, we present the results of fieldwork in Mazatenango, Guatemala, examining the problems of governing solid waste, as linked to administration, collection, handling, and disposal. The problems identified include lack of adequate funding; no formal recycling programmes at the household level; absence of a sanitary landfill; increase of illegal dumping; limited public awareness of proper waste management practices; and street litter causing a breakdown in the sewer systems. The results of the study are used to propose strategies for improved governance of solid waste, addressing the needs and priorities of a range of stakeholders. These strategies highlight the importance of strengthening relationships among the stakeholders involved in the governmental/administrative, social, economic, and environmental aspects of solid waste management. The approach may be effective in other developing country cities that are starting to plan waste management systems.

Solid waste collection by the private sector: Households’ perspective—Findings from a study in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania

The issue of poor solid waste management (SWM) is a challenge throughout the world, in both developed and developing countries. People always generate solid waste through their daily activities. This solid waste needs to be properly managed in a way that minimises risk to the environment and human health, which means storage, collection and proper disposal. At the same time solid waste creates livelihoods for the urban poor in terms of employment and business. This paper looks into one aspect of SWM, namely collection service. The importance of SWM is now recognised at international, national and community level. The Agenda 21 declaration of the United Nations [UN. (1993). The global partnership for environment and development: A guide to agenda 21 (pp. 88–94). New York: United Nations] addresses the issue of environmentally sound management of solid waste, with emphasis on the extension of solid waste service coverage to all urban and rural areas worldwide. SWM is a service for which local governments are usually responsible. However, due to inadequate capacity in the public sector, in many developing countries the private sector has stepped in to fill the gap in service provision. Dar es Salaam (DSM), Tanzania, is one such developing country city in which the private sector has become involved in solid waste collection services. The sector comprises Non-Government Organisations (NGOs), Community-Based Organisations (CBOs), and local private companies [Kassim, S. M., & Ali, S. M. (2003). Private solid waste collection SERVICE, Dar es Salaam Tanzania. In Proceedings of the 29th WEDC international conference: Towards millenium development goals. Abuja Nigeria, Water and Engineering Centre WEDC]. The private sector in solid waste collection in DSM has been promoted by Sustainable DSM Programme (SDP) through Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) [UNCHS. (1994a). Sustainable Human Settlements Development: Implementing Agenda 21; UNCHS. (1994b). UNCHS (Habitat) Activities; New Envoy to UNCHS from the United Republic of Tanzania. Habitat News, 16, 1–3]. Contracting out of solid waste collection services to the private sector has emerged to fill the gap in service delivery. In 1991 the city was generating 1400 tonnes of solid waste per day out of which only 5% was being collected. Currently daily solid waste generation is estimated at about 2500 tonnes and approximately 48% of the total waste generated is collected. At present, privatisation covers 44 out of 73 city wards, and 45 1 1 The data found during the study (Source: DSM City Council’ Local document, 2004). active registered private companies are involved [Chinamo, E. B. M. (2003). An overview of solid waste management and how solid waste collection benefits the poor in the city of Dar es Salaam. Solid waste collection that benefits the poor, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Collaborating Working Group on Solid Waste Management in Low and Middle -Income Countries (CWG)].This paper presents the findings of a study that explored the households’ perspective on solid waste collection services provided by the private sector. The study showed that the solid waste collection service by the private sector is greatly influenced by households’ attitudes and behaviour. Their participation, demand for service, awareness, satisfaction level and views on cost recovery are important in the sector. The study concludes that the above factors would be superior if customers (households) were more involved in the planning and decision-making.