Aspects Of Social Security Research Articles

The Impact of Electronic Media Rumors on the Community Security of the Kurdistan Region: a pandemic (COVID-19) as a model

This research is entitled ( the effects of misinformation of electronic media on social security in kurdistan region- the outbreak of (COVID_19) as an example. It is a qualitative research based on Grounded theory attempts to discuss the effects of misinformation that is spread through the formal electronic media in the time of CORONA VIRUS in Kurdistan Region. The first part of the research is about Methodology, the second part is on the effects of electronic misinformation in six different aspects of social security which are ( individuals, social state, politcal, ethics and treatment, economical and financial and the enviornment). Examples are taken from electronic websites such as ( Rudaw, xandan, and NRT)during (1st of febeuary till 30th of April). In the practical part, based on Grounded theory and interviewing 10 individuals relevant to this case, a suital model to deal with CORONA VIRUS is presented. the results and recommendations of the research are presented in bullet points to the academics and officials in order to resolve the main problem of the resesrch.

Security or Safety: Quantitative and Comparative Analysis of Usage in Research Works Published in 2004-2019.

This article is devoted to the statistical analysis of security and safety frequency in the context of categories connected with social institutions and personality features in research works from 2004–2019. Research was based on the following methods: quantitative analysis of safety frequency in the context with coded “categories” related to social institutions and personality features; analysis was conducted with computer-assisted content analysis QDA Miner Lite v. 1.4 and Fisher’s F-test. An analysis of 1157 works showed that the terms “security” and “safety” were quantitatively more frequent when used with concepts related to social institutions than with concepts related to personality features. In our opinion, this qualitative trend shows the prevailing significance of social aspects of security over its personal (psychological) traits for research analysis and practical social aspects. The priority usage of the terms “security” and “safety” can be related to the securitization of society, (i.e., to the increased role and significance of social ways of providing security and protection from threats), primarily with the help of external law-enforcing actors such as the state, police, and army. Securitization counterweights the development of social and psychological mechanisms of security—developing motivation for safe behavior, personal self-regulation, and self-production of security as an internal feeling of protection.

Psychological aspects of social security in Ukraine

Negative trends in the social sphere and the social problems that exist because of this lead to a sharpening of state national security issues. At the same time, domestic and foreign scholars do not pay sufficient attention to the psychological component of social security, which characterizes the subjective assessment of the state of the social sphere development by the population. This very aspect of social security has become a basis for the formulation of the research goal as an analysis of the state of social security of Ukraine in a regional context in accordance with the system of indicators taking into account the psychological component. The main methods of the investigation are analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, cluster analysis method. The practical result is the definition of the main components of national security, special attention is paid to the analysis of the interpretation of the definition of “social security” by domestic scientists. The expediency of allocating the psychological component of social security has been substantiated. The list of social security indicators has defined in accordance with the methodological recommendations for calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine, namely: the ratio of nominal wages to the subsistence minimum per working age person; the ratio of the size of the labor pension to the subsistence minimum of the disabled persons; the number of HIV-infected persons with the first diagnosis, persons per 100 thousand people); the number of patients with active tuberculosis with the first diagnosis, persons per 100 thousand people; level of crime. The so-called indexes of social tension have been added to this list, which take into account the psychological aspect of the population of the state, namely: arrears of wages; the level of payment by the population of housing and communal services; the level of registered unemployment; the number of employees who were in forced full-time employment. A cluster analysis of the regions of Ukraine has carried out on the basis of the listed social security indicators, which resulted in the definition of regions with high indicators of social security, namely: Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Luhansk, Odesa and Kharkiv regions.

The migration challenges in the aspect of social security and migration policy of Poland

The article describes the theoretical basics, origins and present meaning of Polish migration policy, based on chosen migration statistics. It contains the characteristics of the views of the key experts in the field. It explains the meaning of migration policy and its impact on the so-cial security of the country. The article is based on the statistical data of the immigration of people from Ukraine to Poland in comparison with other countries in the years 2010–2018. The article also explains the meaning of the phenomenon of migration and its influence on the labour market.

The Local Aspect of Social Security – the Case of Warmia and Masuria

Social security is an element of the broadly understood state security system. A centralized approach to managing social needs does not take into account the local and regional differentiation of a population’s preferences, and, as a result, does not allocate resources in an optimal fashion. Decentralisation contributes to improving efficiency by way of more effective adaptation of public services to social needs, which is achieved by gaining a wider and deeper knowledge about the needs of local communities. Greater power of local authority bodies inspires innovative solutions and stimulates activity and competition between territorial units. It contributes to the rational allocation of resources at the disposal of local authorities, which leads to the conclusion that they are dominant with regard to exercising the social function of the state.

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL

The aim of the article is to analyse the foreign experience of the social security system of law enforcement personnel, to distinguish the features of establishing the rates and types of remuneration for law enforcement personnel in foreign countries, to determine the interrelation between the standard of social security and work experience and professional competencies. The subject of the study is the foreign experience of the social security system for law enforcement officials. Methodology. The study is based on a comparison of the social security system for law enforcement officials in Ukraine and in foreign countries. The analysis of the features of social security for law enforcement officers enabled to determine the advantages and disadvantages of different social security systems. A comparative legal study of certain provisions of Ukrainian legislation enabled to reveal the possibilities and limits of the application of positive foreign experience in this sphere. The results of the study revealed that in Ukraine the solution of problems on the performance improvement of law enforcement is interrelated with the issues of social security for personnel at work. Therefore, nowadays one of the main objectives is the development of a clear system of social security for law enforcement officers, including police officers, formation of an effective system of remuneration, based on performance indicators. Practical implications. In developed countries, the practice of social policy has formed several areas of its implementation. These include wage policy, social insurance, including medical, pension insurance, housing policy, as well as allowances and social benefits. Some aspects of social security for employees should be studied as a positive example for Ukraine in the course of social reforms. However, the application of foreign experience does not mean a mechanical transfer of certain forms of social security of foreign countries to Ukrainian reality. It should be considered that some aspects of reforming social security for law enforcement officers are universal; other aspects can be applied only under certain conditions related to the political situation in the country, the level of economic development, traditions, as well as the level of crime and criminalization of society. Relevance/originality. A comparative analysis of the ratio of social security systems for law enforcement officers is the basis for developing the most promising areas of domestic legislation in this sphere.

Visión crítica al derecho positivo: la seguridad social bajo el influjo modelo neoliberal

En este artículo de investigación se discute sobre la seguridad social en el contexto del derecho positivo, señalando que ésta no puede ser garantizada por el Estado Social de Derecho en la medida en que el modelo económico y político hegemónico mundial le asigna un papel a los Estados en el que estos son garantes de los derechos de propiedad privada de las empresas y corporaciones nacionales y multinacionales. Metodológicamente, se realiza una revisión de los fines del Estado Social de Derecho con respecto a la seguridad social en Colombia, considerando críticamente los presupuestos de la teoría general del derecho. Se encontró que en Colombia el Estado Social de Derecho no garantiza la seguridad social de sus asociados porque su fin es el de garantizar la generación de plusvalía para las corporaciones multilaterales. Se concluye que, aunque Colombia consagra en su Constitución y en las leyes la garantía de la seguridad social para los colombianos, se evidencia una crisis humanitaria multidimensional que afecta los diferentes aspectos de la seguridad social.

: (Mechanisms for Ensuring the Priorities of Healthy Life Style and the Quality of Healthy Life in Russia's Medium-Term State Social Programs: The Main Challenges and Growth Points)

Russian Abstract: Сегодня, на самом высоком уровне, как руководством нашей страны, так и научным сообществом подчеркивается необходимость поддержки и развития человеческого капитала россиян. Но в связи с трансформацией модели экономики нашей страны, вызвавшей череду реформ в различных секторах, в данной области возникли определенные затруднения в новых измерениях эффективности управления данными процессами. Здоровье населения и вопросы его поддержания можно представить в двух аспектах. С одной стороны, - как один из его основных элементов – ресурс для формирования и развития прочих составляющих человеческого капитала (знания и навыки). С другой, - как количественно-качественный показатель их потенциального функционирования, выражаемый в потенциальной трудоспособности граждан и продолжительности их здоровой и активной жизни. В этой связи в государственных программах развития здравоохранения, а также в целевых программах ряда иных ведомств, координирующих аспекты социального обеспечения, образования, спорта и отдыха россиян могут появиться услуги, обогащающие методические аспекты здорового образа жизни (ЗОЖ) и практику ЗОЖ. Новый приоритет на поддержание качества здоровой жизни требует смены парадигмы реформ здравоохранения, социальные последствия которых необходимо детально изучать, в том числе с помощью методов социологических опросов руководителей и специалистов регионального здравоохранения. Участие внебюджетных фондов в экономике ЗОЖ также подвергается коррекции в рамках нового вектора программно-целевого планирования в здравоохранении и социальном обеспечении граждан с учетом специфики отдельных половозрастных групп населения. English Abstract: Today, at the highest level, both the leadership of our country and the scientific community stress the need to support and develop the human capital of Russians. But in connection with the transformation of the model of the economy of our country, which caused a series of reforms in various sectors, certain difficulties arose in this area in new dimensions of the effectiveness of managing these processes. The health of the population and the issues of its maintenance can be represented in two aspects. On the one hand, - as one of its main elements - a resource for the formation and development of other components of human capital (knowledge and skills). On the other hand, as a quantitative and qualitative indicator of their potential functioning, expressed in the potential work capacity of citizens and the duration of their healthy and active life. In this regard, services that enrich the methodological aspects of healthy lifestyles (HLS) and the practice of healthy lifestyles can appear in government programs for health development, as well as in targeted programs of a number of other agencies that coordinate aspects of social security, education, sports and recreation of Russians. A new priority for maintaining the quality of a healthy life requires changing the paradigm of health care reforms, the social consequences of which need to be studied in detail, including through the methods of sociological surveys of leaders and specialists in regional health.

Legal Issues in The Implementation of National Social Security System on Labour in Indonesia

The Social Security System in Indonesia has been regulated by the government, and the program is managed by an agency called Social Insurance Administration Organization (BPJS). Associated with the existence of social security functions for workers, its practice presents a gap between what is expected and what is regulated. For this reason, it is therefore necessary to examine, firstly, what kind of legal protection of workers is covered by this national social security system managed in BPJS program and, secondly, what constraints are encountered in its implementation. This research is Juridical Normative one, with normative qualitative data analysis. The research finds that the social security is correlated not only with the welfare of employees who are assessed by the level of wages provided by the organization, rather it is also correlated with other factors in the form of health and safety assurance. In the broader context, social welfare is measured not only when the person is at work and gets social security benefits, rather the measure of his welfare is also applicable when the worker is not working and/or when they retire. On the basis of these, the social security program is an integral aspect of social security to which the government should give a legal protection.

Security culture 2030. How security experts assess the future state of privatization, surveillance, security technologies and risk awareness in Germany

This paper presents results from a two-round expert Delphi (N1=227,N2=126) realized in 2014 which focused on potential security related developments in Germany in the year 2030. Experts from politics, social and natural sciences, economy and end-users assessed the probability and desirability of diverse future developments such as privatization, surveillance, technological vulnerabilities and risk awareness. The data revealed discrepancies between the estimated probability and the attributed desirability of certain developments. Additionally, qualitative expert statements were analyzed in order to capture the latent structures behind the expert ratings. In terms of issues that are rated probable but undesirable, technological and economic factors dominate while more desirable but rather improbable future developments mainly concern political and social aspects of security. Furthermore, group differences between the experts are reported.

Aspects of social security in the context of democracy development of the Western Balkans

Aspects of social security in the context of democracy development of the Western Balkans

Australia’s Role in the Global Governance of Migrant Labour

It is in Australia’s best interest to promote and spearhead an international body dealing with issues of migration for the purposes of employment, here called the “Organization for Migrant Labour” (OML) for purposes of simplicity. The OML is seen here as the missing link in the international economic law area in comparison to a labour equivalent of the World Trade Organization. The hypothetical institutional architecture here proposed is grounded in current political and legal realities, thus taking into account the core normative issues, problems and literature that in recent times have emerged at the institutional, policy and scholarly levels. Accordingly, the following analysis seeks to tackle the major issue of state/OML interface, namely the extent to which Australia might derogate border sovereignty, as well as the effects of a globally structured migrant labour and its transnational arrangements on Australian social security aspects. Effectively, this submission argues that assuming leadership in the global migration governance discourse should be framed and justified in terms of reclaiming Australia’s sovereignty, rather than ceding it.

Mortality from Silicosis in Italy: Temporal Trends and Spatial Distribution

INTRODUCTION: Silicosis, an occupational preventable lung disease due to exposure to free crystalline silica, is still diagnosed worldwide: thousands of workers die every year in many countries. This study is aimed at evaluating silicosis mortality in Italy at national, regional and municipal levels. METHODS: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian National Mortality Database (NMD) for the period 1990-2012. The NMD contains the underlying cause of death, which until 2003 was coded using the ICD, 9th revision (ICD-9; mortality for silicosis; code 502); since then, ICD-10 has been used (code J62). Age-standardized death rates (ASRs) were computed to evaluate temporal trends. Standardized Mortality Ratios were computed, using regional rates as reference, to identify municipalities with excess deaths due to silicosis. A cluster analysis was carried out to identify groups of municipalities with major departures from the expected regional figures. RESULTS: In the study period, the number of deaths from silicosis in Italy were 4,590 (4,494 men, 96 women), corresponding to ASR of 0.33 per 100,000 per year and an average age at death of 79.86 (DS 5.76). In the period 1990-2012, ASRs in men dropped down from 1.07 to 0.20, but they were still over 2.0 in 2012 in the regions of Abruzzo and Sardinia. The risk of mortality at municipality level is generally low and diffuse. Many of the clusters are composed of several municipalities. DISCUSSION: The applied epidemiological surveillance approach allowed, on one side to observe the decline over time of the impact of silicosis in Italy, on the other side to identify areas at higher risk in the recent years. The presence of areas at higher risk could be due to the concurrence of occupational exposures and inadequate preventive activities. Furthermore, it is possible that, in some areas, mortality from silicosis is over-diagnosed due to a local high sensitivity to social security aspects.

Social capital and refraining from medical care among elderly people in Japan.

BackgroundRefraining from required medical care can worsen health, particularly for the elderly, and increase public medical expenditure, which destabilizes the financial aspect of social security. Social capital, such as trust between residents and the norms of reciprocity in the community, is a possible measure to prevent refraining from medical care.MethodsWe studied survey data collected in a small area in Japan that included a high response rate (91.6 %) to evaluate refraining from medical care. Self-reported refraining from required medical care from among 1016 elderly people, aged ≥60 (male = 490; female = 526), was used as a dependent variable. Social capital indicators were mean values of people’s attitude toward the generalized trust and norms of reciprocity in each community. We estimated the association between community level social capital and individuals’ probability of refraining from medical care while controlling individual factors such as age, education, and marital status.ResultsLogit estimation results showed that only generalized trust is associated with low probability of refraining from medical care among the elderly in small communities. The marginal effect for 0.1 increase in community level trust is 4 % decrease in the probability of refraining from medical care. In larger communities, generalized trust is not associated with the probability of refraining from medical care.ConclusionsThis finding suggests that the generalized trust is effective in smaller communities as far as related to access to medical care. In small communities, policy to increase generalized trust to support medical care for elderly is recommended.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1599-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Recyclable Materials Collectors or Environmental Agents?: A Self-Assessment Exercise

This work presents results of a questionnaire which aimed to assess the profile of collectors ofrecyclable materials of ACIMAR – Association of Recyclable Materials Collectors of Itajubá, which is locatedin Itajubá, southern of Minas Gerais state. It is part of the program ‘Creation of a network of collectors ofrecyclable materials in the south of Minas Gerais’, funded by the Ministry of Education and developed by thePopular Cooperatives Technological Incubator of the Federal University of Itajubá (INTECOOP/UNIFEI), alongwith the Mayorship of Itajubá and the University Center of Itajubá (FEPI). The methodology was based on a fieldcampaign based on a questionnaire, which was used to interview 31 associates of ACIMAR. Queries were basedon: personal data; previous jobs; formal education; familiar structure; the motivations to become a recyclablematerial picker; the society’s perception on their work; previous capacitations; working time; financial gains;positive and negative aspects of their work, group relationships and life perspectives. Results suggest that 87%declared to have worked on other jobs, while 58% declared that these jobs were formal. Despite the socialsecurity aspects, they decided to work as recyclable material pickers, because there were no bosses. Genderdistribution is quite homogeneous, with 52% male and 48% female, what indicates an equilibrium not seen inother laboral sectors in Brazil. Some 32% are between 18 and 30 years old, while 29% are between 41 and 50years old. Around 74% declared to have incomplete formal education up to the fundamental level. Individualmonthly income are above R$ 600,00 (around US$ 270,00) for 56%. To all of them, their role is very importantas it helps in the city waste management and improves environmental conditions, while 62% considered beingcalled as environmental agents rather than collectors of recyclable materials, what suggests a quest for a newprofessional identity.

The Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2008 - An Approach to Provide Basic & Contingent Social Security to the Unorganized Workers in India

The Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2008 - An Approach to Provide Basic & Contingent Social Security to the Unorganized Workers in India

Regimes and cultures of social security: Comparing institutional models through nonlinear PCA

This article reassesses the link between the structural and cultural aspects of social security. Do Esping-Andersen’s ‘Three Worlds’ exist empirically if one considers a comprehensive set of formal institutions simultaneously? And if so, do such regimes coincide with coherent differences in people’s value orientations in this field, or informal cultures? In order to answer these questions, nonlinear principal components analysis was applied to a group of countries at the core of the original Esping-Andersen typology. Nonlinear PCA seems to be a promising tool for comparative research because the technique is able to handle discrete data and nonlinear relationships, and the number of variables can exceed the number of countries. The outcomes of the analyses suggest that the ‘Three Worlds’ of formal social security had a firm empirical basis in the 1990s, and that the typology remains largely valid today, albeit with some qualifications. Furthermore, three different informal ‘cultures of social security’ emerged, with country clusters quite similar to those of the structural regime typology.

Demographic aspects of social security in region

This paper presents a situational analysis of the level of life safety in the field of demographic regions of the Ural Federal District. The analysis is based on data from the Federal Statistics and covers the period 2000-2010. We have developed a system of indicators for evaluating safety in the demographic sphere. We set the main threats to the social and economic stability in the regions. The system of thresholds includes three blocks: the reproduction of the population, marriage and family relationships and health. We have presented a quantitative description of the main threats. Identified priority areas of social protection, providing increased stability of the regional socio-economic development, reducing the likelihood of social conflicts and improve the demographic situation.

Was muten sich Arbeitslose zu? Lohnkonzessionen von ALG II-Empfängern

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag beschaftigt sich mit den Lohnanspruchen von Empfangern des ALG II und knupft dabei an fruhere Arbeiten von Christensen an, der die Lohnanspruche von Arbeitslosen untersucht hat. Jedoch stutzt er sich nicht auf Daten des Soziooekonomischen Panels (SOEP), sondern auf Angaben der Querschnittserhebung des IAB „Lebenssituation und Soziale Sicherung“, die ALG II-Empfanger in der fruhen Phase nach der Reform von Arbeitslosen- und Sozialhilfe in den Fokus nimmt. Die Frage ist dabei, ob sich die von Christensen auf Daten bis zum Jahr 2000 ermittelte Konzessionsbereitschaft von Arbeitslosen hinsichtlich ihrer Lohnerwartungen nach Einfuhrung des SGB II merklich erhoht hat. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei der Relation zwischen dem letzten Lohn vor Arbeitslosigkeit und dem Reservationslohn, der Abhangigkeit dieser Relation von der Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit und den Bestimmungsfaktoren des Reservationslohns. Die auf der jungsten IAB-Befragung von ALG II-Empfangern basierenden Auswertungen un...

Meggeneder O., Breucker G., Järvisalo J. (eds): Social insurance for health. The role of health promotion and prevention within social insurance in Europe, Mabuse

The book under review, written completely in English, provides an overview of the current social security systems of five European countries: Austria, Finland, Germany, Poland and Sweden. The individual contributions have been written by specialists of the corresponding national social security institutions. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of health prevention, health promotion and rehabilitation measures, as well as on prospects for their future development. To begin with, the key terms of the book are defined in the introduction. The situation specific to each country is then described in a separate section that covers also the various aspects of the country’s social security system. There is no explicit comparison of the five countries. Only the concluding chapter compares a number of aspects of the social security systems and policies of the countries presented. For example, it discusses the paradigm shift observable in all European social security systems and questions the sole role of the state in providing and financing social security. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of public-private institutions in defining measures to enhance health prevention, promotion and rehabilitation. The section on Germany provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the different social security elements in light of the underlying laws in force: statutory health, accident, pension, long-term care and unemployment insurances. It highlights the role of health and accident insurance with regard to prevention, health promotion and rehabilitation. An outlook on the future challenges of health promotion and prevention concepts in Germany, starting with the political debate about the legal reorganization of prevention in 2004, concludes the section. Since the authors work for two of the main social security institutions in Germany, they dedicate two chapters to the specific work of these organizations (the Federation of Institutions for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention and the Federal Association of Company Health Insurance Funds). The comprehensive description of the many aspects of social security in Germany provides a detailed overview of all existing institutions and their specific work in the area of health promotion, prevention and rehabilitation. For those reading also German, it would be helpful for further studies to have the exact German names of the many organizations, in addition to their English translations, especially since the authors use mainly the German abbreviations. A complete list of all organizational abbreviations would therefore be of great help. Unfortunately, this shortcoming applies also to the sections covering the other countries. Finally, for native speakers of English the use of German hyphenation rules to break a word at the end of a line (e.g. u-nemployment p.7, promoti-on p.9 and structu-res p.11) may be confusing or even distracting from the content of this otherwise very informative book. J Public Health (2007) 15:143 DOI 10.1007/s10389-007-0090-8