Aspects Of Social Capital Research Articles

Have later state pensions made people less connected? The effects of older female pension ages in England on social capital

Abstract Many countries have increased their state pension ages (SPAs) to offset demographic ageing and to increase numbers of older people remaining in paid work. Most research attention has focused on the economic outcomes whereas little attention has been paid to impacts on social capital, including rates of volunteering and care-giving. Prior research suggests that these are sensitive to retirement decisions. Using nine waves of individual longitudinal data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this study examines the effects of increased SPA on volunteering, group membership and providing care. Our results show that higher SPAs have a negative impact on rates of volunteering and providing care, particularly for women in couples. Single women are not affected, and there are not significant effects on group membership and childcare provision. The more work-like aspects of social capital are affected by the increased SPA.

Social and Relationship Capital Disclosure, Business Model and Firm Value: A Comparative Study of Listed Companies in Kenya and South Africa

The increased volatility and decline in firm value has been observed for companies listed in the Nairobi Securities exchange, Kenya as evidenced by substantial variations between market-to-book values. Company disclosures in integrated reports have long been linked with firm value. However, integration of non-financial information disclosures with financial information in a single report and its worth to the company and its distinctive stakeholders has not been accorded a proper assessment in the African context. While, preceding studies in other settings have shown mixed results, emphasis has been on establishing the total effects. This comparative study was intended to determine the effect of <IR> capitals disclosure on value of listed companies in Kenya and South Africa, focusing on the role of the business model. Specifically, the role of the business model on the relationship between social and relationship capital disclosure and value of listed companies was examined in this research comparing Kenya and south Africa from 2018 to 2020. Positivist research philosophy was applied, while the research design encompassed both exploratory and confirmatory. The study was grounded on the Legitimacy theory. Firm value in this study was proxied by Tobin’s Q ratio, while, social and relationship capital was measured using an unweighted disclosure index. The study population contained 209 listed companies from which a sample of 137 was identified using purposeful sampling technique, comprising of 19 firms listed in the NSE, Kenya and 118 companies listed in the JSE, South Africa. Secondary data was collected from annual integrated reports and financial statements of the targeted firms. Preliminary analyses were conducted, such as descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. On the other hand, mediation effect was analysed by using stepwise regression method. The results depict that social and relationship capital disclosure has a statistically significant positive effect on firm values for both Kenya and South Africa. Further, business model mediates this relationship, with Kenyan listed firms manifesting inconsistent mediation while South African companies reported full/complete mediation. The study therefore recommends that social and relationship capital aspect of integrated reporting in Kenya should be made mandatory because this will improve shareholder understanding of financial statements and appropriate valuation of the firm.

Community-level group sports participation and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality: a 7-year longitudinal study

BackgroundCommunity-level group sports participation is a structural aspect of social capital that can potentially impact individual health in a contextual manner. This study aimed to investigate contextual relationship between the community-level prevalence of group sports participation and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in older adults.MethodsIn this 7-year longitudinal cohort study, data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide survey encompassing 43,088 functionally independent older adults residing in 311 communities, were used. Cause of death data were derived from the Japanese governmental agency, The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, for secondary use. “Participation” was defined as engaging in group sports for one or more days per month. To analyze the data, a two-level survival analysis was employed, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsAmong the participants, 5,711 (13.3%) deaths were identified, with 1,311 related to CVD and 2,349 to cancer. The average group sports participation rate was 28.3% (range, 10.0–52.7%). After adjusting for individual-level group sports participation and potential confounders, a higher community-level group sports participation rate was found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of both all-cause mortality (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83–0.95) and cancer mortality (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.98) for every 10% point increase in the participation rate. For CVD mortality, the association became less significant in the model adjusted for all covariates (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.82–1.09).ConclusionsOur findings support the existence of a preventive relationship between community-level group sports participation and the occurrence of all-cause and cancer mortality among older individuals. Promoting group sports within communities holds promise as an effective population-based strategy for extending life expectancy, regardless of individual participation in these groups.

Social capital for carers of patients with advanced organ failure: a qualitative exploration of stakeholders’ perspectives

BackgroundCarers of patients with advanced organ failure (AOF) experience a tremendous caregiving burden. Social capital utilizes the internal strength of a community to support its members and may provide carers with comprehensive support. This study aimed to identify the different sources of social capital that can support carers of patients with AOF from the perspectives of stakeholders.MethodA descriptive qualitative study was conducted in community settings from April 2021 to May 2022. Stakeholders from medical social work departments, self-help groups, and non-governmental organizations were recruited, while some community members were invited through online media platforms. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interview guide. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a qualitative description approach. In total, 98 stakeholders, including 25 carers, 25 patients, 24 professionals, and 24 community members, were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling.ResultsSix categories about social capital for carers emerged, namely, carer attributes, the community, social care services, healthcare services, information, and policies. While the attributes of carers and their relationships with care recipients had a significant influence on caregiving, support from different groups in the community, such as neighbors and employers, was valued. Good communication of information about caregiving and social services was emphasized as being helpful by carers and other stakeholders. While carers presented a need for various healthcare and social care services, several features of these services, including their person-centeredness and proactive reach, were deemed useful. At the societal level, policies and research on comprehensive supportive services are warranted. The different sources of social capital constitute a multi-layer support system in the community.ConclusionCarers can utilize personal attributes, interpersonal relationships, community resources, and societal contexts to enhance their caregiving. While this system can serve as a framework for building carer-friendly communities, interventions may be required to strengthen some aspects of social capital.

Positive Orientation and Social Capital: The Insignificance of the Mediating Effects of Social Network Sites Usages

This research examined the relationships among positive orientation, types of social network sites (SNS) usage, and social capital. 235 private university students in Malaysia, aged from 18 to 30 (M = 19.64, SD = 1.50), participated in this research. They completed items that reflect on self-esteem, life satisfaction, optimism, the intensity of SNS use, the three connection strategies employed on SNS, and the bridging and bonding aspects of social capital. Factor analysis supported that self-esteem, life satisfaction, and optimism formed a single construct that was interpreted as positive orientation or positivity. Analyses revealed that the specific indirect effects of active use of SNS and the enacted SNS connection strategies on the relationship between positive orientation and social capital were not significant. Results revealed that the inclination to use SNS to seek relevant social information facilitated both weak and strong ties. Despite the benefits of SNS on the development of social capital, individuals with high positivity were able to form weak and strong ties that are beneficial without relying on these online platforms. The implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.

Social capital and all-cause mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among middle-aged and older people: Prospective cohort study in Poland

Prior to the pandemic, studies demonstrated the mainly protective role of structural social capital on all-cause mortality, less evidence had been found for a protective role for cognitive social capital. However, some findings from the early stage of the pandemic suggest that civic participation and group affiliation may be associated with more COVID-19-related deaths, as was interpersonal trust. Thus, the study aimed to verify indicators of individual social capital as risk factors for 7.6-year all-cause mortality before COVID-19 pandemic and 1.6-year all-cause mortality during of the pandemic among men and women aged 50+ years in Poland.The Polish part of the COURAGE in Europe cross-sectional baseline study was conducted in 2011. The analysis included 2913 face-to-face interviews with randomly selected community-dwelling individuals. Information about deaths was obtained from the State Systems Department on Oct 7, 2021. Various aspects of structural and cognitive social capital were measured. The Cox proportional hazard models were used.Before the pandemic, a protective effect of structural (formal and informal social participation) and cognitive social capital (trust in family, trust in co-workers) on the risk of death was observed in women. However, a negative effect of cognitive social capital (trust in strangers) was found for women and men. No positive effect of social capital during the pandemic after controlling for the health-related characteristics was found. A negative effect of generalized trust on all-cause mortality during the pandemic was discerned for men, a negative effect of the level of one's social network was found in women.The observed patterns of relationships were totally different for analyzed periods of time, and different for men and women. Consequently, planning of social interventions directed towards middle and older age groups should consider various actions for men and women separately. The need for continuous evaluation of implemented social interventions was emphasized.

Minority bonding to political self-efficacy: a case study on bonding and bridging social capital and political self-efficacy among adolescents in Finland

While social capital is claimed to predict, for example, a higher level of trust, better health, and higher voter turnout, its uneven distribution causes concern in society. In this study, we examine which aspects of social capital are connected to political self-efficacy, which is an important predictor of political participation and associated with for example political interest. According to our knowledge, there is a research gap both in terms of studies focusing on analyzing the effect of minority status on political self-efficacy via social capital and studies analyzing these patterns among adolescents living their formative years. In this article we test this mediating effect of social capital among majority and minority adolescents since minorities can be expected to have relatively more bonding social capital and less bridging social capital. In the Finnish context, this is particularly interesting since the Swedish-speaking minority is praised for its high level of social capital that is suggested to explain a lot of its success ranging from better health to a higher turnout compared with the majority. Analyzing a nationwide dataset of 15–16-year-old students (N = 5,189) completing their final year of comprehensive education in Finland in a multilevel structural equation model, we discover that belonging to the Swedish-speaking minority seems to strengthen bonding social capital (social networks, and community). The civic participation, community, and social networks aspects of social capital are positively connected to the level of political self-efficacy, while generalized trust has no connection to it. All these findings indicate that societies should take measures to strengthen bridging and bonding social capital among both adolescents and minorities.

The relationship between neighborly social capital and health outcomes

Abstract Background There is increasing interest in understanding the relationship between social capital and undesirable health outcomes. Social capital theory suggests that better health outcomes may result from certain “neighborly” aspects of social capital. Methods This study used secondary data from the Social Capital Index. Bivariate correlations were calculated between neighborly social capital and health outcome variables. Next, neighborly social capital variables were entered as predictors of health outcomes in a series of stepwise regressions. Regional comparisons were conducted across four U.S. regions. Comparisons of the regression model structures were conducted by applying a model derived from one region to the data from another region and contrasting the resulting crossed R2 with the original direct R2 to identify differential regression weights across the four regions that warrant interpretation. Results The correlation and regression analyses showed significant negative relationships between three neighborly social capital variables (% who do favors for their neighbors, % who worked with neighbors to improve something, and % who trust all or most of their neighbors) and health outcomes including: % in fair/poor health, premature mortality rate, % diabetic, and % obese. In regional comparisons, only the South region had a direct and crossed R2 significantly different from other regions, with this difference largely attributable to an unexpected positive relationship between trusting neighbors and negative health outcomes in the South. Conclusions Interventions to increase neighborly social capital may help to alleviate negative health outcomes in the U.S. Anomalously, in the South, trusting neighbors may be related to worse health outcomes. Key messages • Being neighborly may enhance positive health outcomes in most parts of the U.S. • Strong social support impacts urban health.

Capital in Adaptation to Culture Shock in Overseas Students of Muhammadiyah University Surakarta

The existence of cultural differences in an area causes the phenomenon of culture shock. Capital becomes a person's need to carry out activities in an area or arena that has a different background in order to adapt. This study aims to find out how forms of capital adapt to culture shock in overseas students at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach using case studies. The data collection method uses the Multiple Source of Evidence principle, by conducting in-depth interviews and participant observation of several students who experience culture shock. The results of the study show that there are three aspects of social capital that help to adapt to the environment of overseas students at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. These three aspects are Ability to communicate, Socialization ability into culture, and Solidarity. These three aspects come from the cultural capital found in overseas students at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in meeting the needs of culture shock adaptation in Solo.

Analisis Modal Sosial dalam Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa Sewangi: Studi Kasus Berdasarkan Teori Modal Sosial Putnam

This research aims to analyze the role of social capital in the context of village head leadership using the social capital theory framework proposed by Robert D. Putnam. This social capital includes three main elements: trust, social norms, and social networks. This study is a case study involving several villages in order to understand how social capital influences the leadership quality of village heads. Data was collected through interviews with village heads, community members and local stakeholders. Data analysis was carried out by identifying and evaluating the level of trust in society, the social norms that guide the village head's behavior, and the social networks built by the village head in carrying out his duties. The research results show that social capital has a significant impact on the leadership quality of village heads. Village heads who can build and maintain a high level of trust in their community tend to be more effective in carrying out their duties. In addition, social norms that value integrity and transparency in leadership have a positive influence on leadership quality. Strong social networks also help village heads access the resources and support needed to overcome challenges This study provides in-depth insight into how social capital plays a role in the context of village head leadership and has important implications for the development of more effective leadership policies and practices at the village level. Future research could delve deeper into specific aspects of social capital that have a significant impact in the context of village leadership.

Social Capital in Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review of Research Trends from 1998 to 2019

This study investigates how different facets of social capital affect community resilience in The face of disasters. There has not been a thorough study that examines social capital across various types of frequently occurring disasters and across the different phases of a disaster, that is, pre-disaster, during disaster, and post-disaster. Previous research on social capital has been conducted in both developed and developing countries using various disaster cases. To synthesize previous research, identify knowledge gaps, and set the course for future research, this study used a literature review technique. This method is both methodical and rigorous. The current analysis found a rising trend in the amount of research on the use of social capital in disaster management, demonstrating a growing interest in the function of social capital in boosting community resilience in the face of disasters. The findings of this study showed that community resilience in disaster management is influenced by social capital components. The study found that the trust and network components of social capital—which include trust, beliefs, norms, rules, networks, and values—have the greatest effects on community resilience. Greater knowledge of the function of social capital in disaster management and the aspects of social capital that are most important for fostering community resilience are provided by these results, which have a substantial impact on future research and disaster management methods.

MODAL SOSIAL MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN BUNGURAN SELATAN DALAM PARTISIPASI POLITIK

This study aims to find out what capital the people of South Bunguran District have in political participation. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with a discrete type of research. The results of the study show that the high level of community participation in politics in Bunguran Selatan District cannot be separated from three important aspects which are the social capital of the people in the District, such as the network aspect. Trust and norms, the mass media is one of the social assets of society in participating in politics. With the mass media, people are able to get to know the candidates who will fight in the democratic party. The existence of the mass media plays an important role in increasing public participation in politics. Aspects of trust is also one of the important aspects in politics. Public trust in political candidates greatly influences people's participation in politics. Social norms are benchmarks in participating to assess couples who will be a five-year extension of society who will air their grievances. Factors such as personality are still the main capital of candidates in attracting public participation. Even though there are three aspects of social capital in society in politics, the practice of money politics still haunts the people in the sub-district in making choices in politics.

Analisis Peran Modal Sosial oleh Pelaku Usaha Sektor Informal yang Bermitra di Go-Food Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta is an area with great potential for the growth of the informal sector. Because this area has many people who are immigrants. LD FEB UI research states that 95% of businesses in the food and beverage sector are growing and the number of go-food transactions is also growing. The increase in go-food partners is because Gojek has the optimism (trust) to help MSMEs grow. This makes researchers want to look further into the analysis of the role of social capital by actors who run food and beverage businesses partnering with Go-Food in Yogyakarta. The object of research is informal sector business actors who sell heavy food in the Province of D.I. Yogyakarta with a focus on the area of Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta City. Researchers used descriptive qualitative methods, with the theory of Miles and Huberman. The results of the study show that the analysis on social capital aspects seen from trust, norms, and networks makes a positive contribution to increasing sales of informal sector actors in Yogyakarta

Alcohol consumption among UK football supporters: investigating the contested field of the football carnivalesque

Aim This paper investigates alcohol consumption within cultures of football fandom through the innovative combination of theories of the carnivalesque and Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field, and capital. Methods Focus groups (n = 79) were conducted with football supporters in England and Scotland. Semi-structured interviews (n = 15) were also conducted with key organizational stakeholders. Research explored the importance and role of alcohol consumption for supporters when watching or attending matches.. Results Participants confirmed the cultural significance, perceived normalcy and historical links between football and alcohol consumption. Supporters highlighted the importance of the sociability, friendship, and social capital aspects of alcohol consumption. Participants believed football supporters are perceived differently in comparison with supporters of other sports, arguing that legislation surrounding alcohol consumption at other sports allowed supporters to enhance the carnivalesque by drinking alcohol, whereas football fans were more restricted. Participants agreed the habitus of excessive drinking and violence associated with football supporters led to a bad reputation, however, this view was outdated. Participants also recognized a growing drug culture in football. Conclusion The findings draw attention to the alcohol-sport relationship and the contested relations, and diverging interests and influences, within the social field of football.

Community Readiness in Implementing Sustainable Tourism on Small Islands: Evidence from Lombok, Indonesia

Implementing sustainable tourism development is an essential part of the strategy to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and inclusive, sustainable economic growth. This research aimed to examine the level of readiness of the community to carry out sustainable tourism development, especially community-based tourism on small islands, such as Lombok Island, Indonesia. More specifically, the objectives of this study were as follows: first, knowing the level of community readiness in carrying out sustainable tourism development; second, knowing the various dimensions that influence sustainable tourism development; third, understanding the role of stakeholders in sustainable tourism development. Furthermore, the role of the education sector in increasing community readiness for sustainable tourism development is an exciting matter to study. The method applied in this research used mixed techniques, a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative methods were used to determine the level of community readiness in sustainable tourism development. A qualitative approach was used to determine the various factors that influence the development of community-based tourism and to determine the role of stakeholders in the development of community-based tourism. Community readiness for sustainable tourism development is high in terms of economic, social, cultural, environmental, and symbolic capital aspects. Economic, social, cultural, and natural elements influence sustainable tourism development. Stakeholders who play a role in developing sustainable tourism in the research area are the government, the private sector, universities, non-governmental organizations, and the media. The results of this study can be used to create a government policy related to sustainable tourism development.

MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR TURKEY USING TIME-USE SURVEY DATA

Social capital is referred as one of the factors that influence the place of an individual, a community, or a nation in a given social universe. Hence, the measurement of social capital is significant to understand the differentiation among these places of individuals. In this study, to comprehend the social capital in Turkey, we aimed to measure the social capital of individuals via constructing a composite index. After scrutinizing the data and the indicators used in the former studies in the literature and comparing them with the official and nationally representative data for Turkey, we saw that 2014-2015 Turkey Time-Use Survey presents the most suitable data and it provides information about the structural aspect of social capital. We conducted a factor analysis and found three factors to construct a social capital index, namely everyday sociability, social network support, and cultural sociability. Our findings revealed that the social capital level for women is lower than men, derived from the very high level of everyday sociability of men, while social network support and cultural sociability of women are higher than men.

SOCIAL CAPITALS AMONG KELANTAN PERANAKAN CHINESE MUSLIMS IN MALAYSIA

Background and Purpose: Typically, Chinese Muslims have relationship conflict with their non-Muslim family (bonding social capital) and Malay community (bridging social capitals) after converting to Islam. The conflict will affect their social capital. The main aim of this study was to identify the bonding and bridging social capitals among Kelantan Peranakan Chinese Muslim community in Kelantan, Malaysia in the aspects of trust, reciprocity, and cohesion.
 
 Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted utilising the sequential explanatory mixed method approaches, involving Chinese Muslims in the Kelantan state. A total of 75 respondents participated in the quantitative study, and five of them involved in the qualitative study. The methods used for sampling were the purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The quantitative data were collected through a survey questionnaire, while the qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews.
 
 Findings: The findings revealed that the reciprocal and cohesive elements mostly occurred with bridging social capital only. As for the trust aspect, the respondents indicated that they believe in bonding and bridging social capitals only on occasional basis. It was also found that the relationship conflict existed among Chinese Muslim after conversion with their family members who are not converted to Islam and also with the Malay community.
 
 Contributions: This study contributes significantly to the body of knowledge due to lack of recent publications that explain the relationship in the social capital aspect, which is a very essential aspect to change the community, as a means of achieving the community development.
 
 Keywords: Social capital, bonding social capital, bridging social capital, religious conversion, Chinese Muslim.
 
 Cite as: Adi Syahid, M. A. (2023). Social capitals among Kelantan Peranakan Chinese Muslims in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 8(1), 357-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol8iss1pp357-383

Investigating the Mediating Role of Social Capital in the Influence of Job Satisfaction on Subjective Well-Being among Librarians in Java Island, Indonesia

Subjective well-being (SWB) has become one of the indicators that can describe the level of prosperity or well-being of the population in real terms. In the professional context, high levels of SWB are associated with higher life satisfaction, better productivity, and better performance, especially in the helping profession. This study aims to analyze the level of SWB, job satisfaction, and social capital of librarians in Java Island, Indonesia, and analyze the mediating role of social capital in the influence of job satisfaction on the level of SWB of librarians. A quantitative approach was used with a sample of 345 librarians spread across six provinces in Java Island, Indonesia. Mediation analysis using the bootstrapping method in PROCESS v4.2 for SPSS application was used to identify direct, indirect, and total effects. The results showed that the levels of SWB, job satisfaction, and social capital of librarians in Java Island were mostly in the “Moderate” category. It was also found that there is a partial mediating role of social capital in the influence of job satisfaction on the level of SWB of librarians with direct effect coefficient β=0.5936, indirect effect β=0.1975, and total effect β=0.7912 which are all significant. The partial mediation role shows that social capital only partially mediates the effect of job satisfaction on the level of SWB of librarians. Interventions can be made by optimizing aspects of social capital that still have minimal contribution such as network ownership or librarian membership in professional organizations. In addition, librarian professional organizations must proactively advocate for their members regarding the challenges they face, including increasing the benefits obtained when a librarian joins them.

EXAMINING THE COMPONENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIAL CAPITAL IN HUNGARIAN COMPANIES

The measurement of organizational social capital (OSC) is extremely important, since numerous studies have found that social capital in organizations significantly affects employee job satisfaction, workplace creativity, innovativeness, and organizational performance. In this study, the strength of social capital in Hungarian organizations was assessed using a three-dimensional approach (cognitive, relational, and structural). Data collected from 405 Hungarian employees were used in empirical research to validate research model and hypotheses. IBM SPSS Statistics 27 and AMOS 23.0 were utilized for the statistical evaluations. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for construct validation. An empirically validated model of eight dimensions and thirty items was developed to assess various aspects of organizational social capital in a work environment. Relationships among OSC components were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). In order to determine if there were any differences in distribution of values of research dimensions among groups based on the business sector (public, private, non-profit) and the organization size (5-9 employees, 10-49 employees, 50-249 employees, 250 employees or more), the Kruskal−Wallis test was used. In the case of a significant result of the Kruskal−Wallis test, the groups showing significant differences were determined using the Dunn−Bonferroni post hoc test. In order to examine differences between managers and subordinates, the Mann−Whitney test was applied. This study found that of the three elements of organizational social capital, the cognitive dimension is the basis of the relational dimension, which in turn determines largely the structural element. Additionally, it was demonstrated that there are significant differences among sectors, company sizes, as well as between managers and subordinates in terms of the comparative evaluation parameters of organizational social capital. The study results provide insight into the structure of social capital in the workplace, which can be useful to managers and HR professionals.

Social Capital Development Model in the Coastal Ecosystem Conservation Strategy of Sibolga City and Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province

Deep Ecology has already spread around of scholars as mainstream perspective and ethic in environment conservation system. Indeed, it is required as the specific strategy for the implementation coastal ecosystem conservation approach. Ihis research is aim to found some social capital aspect in coastal community i.e social trust degrees, collective consciences, social values and norms, networking of social institution that need for coastal ecosystem conservation strategy. Based on this research, some aspects of Tapian Nauli coastal ecosystem should be conducted by co-option of local government, communities, corporations, and social organization partnership role to apply social capital capacity manner which is significant to reduct the coastal ecosystem degradation as well as a conservation strategy in Kota Sibolga and Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah.