Introduction The orofacial myology area is important in changing muscle tonus that composes the oropharynx in cases of sleep disorders, with emphasis on subjects diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, there are not observed reports of patients with upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) who did not have polysomnographic characteristics of OSAS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the before-and-after results of orofacial myology therapy through a case report of UARS. Materials and methods For this, we used the aspects of orofacial myology evaluation and quality of sleep in the Berlin Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The patient is 61 years old, male, BMI 22.3, with high arterial blood. He swims regularly. He presented at the Clinic of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru – University of Sao Paulo, with this complaint: “I wake up scared about six times during the night, and I feel tired during the day.” According to diagnosis of an otorhinolaryngologist, the patient had UARS. Results In the orofacial myology evaluation, his observed neck circumference was 39 cm, Mallampati score IV, hypotonic tongue, increased size, altered mobility and tooth marks, hypotonic soft palate and altered mobility. He presented nasal breathing, lower–middle type, preferential unilateral chewing, contractions atypical of orbicular and menstrual in swallowing, and normal speech function. In terms of quality of sleep, he scored 13 points on the ESS and three positive categories in the Berlin Questionnaire, meaning high risk for sleep apnea. After 12 therapy sessions a week and exercising at home three times a day, orofacial myology revaluation was done, This was the only mode of treatment during the study period. Observed neck circumference was 37 cm, Mallampati score III, normal tonus, size and mobility of tongue, normal tonus and mobility of soft palate. Functions found nasal breathing, lower–middle type, simultaneous bilateral chewing, adequate swallowing and speech. The questionnaires result a score of 9 on the ESS and one positive category in the Berlin Questionnaire; therefore, a low risk for sleep apnea. Conclusion Furthermore, the patient reported that he felt a significant improvement in quality of sleep, waking only three times during the night and realizing that he feels rested during the day. This clinical case showed that it is possible for orofacial myology to improve aspects of sleep quality. Acknowledgements To the patient who engaged during months of therapy and entrusted in Speech-Language Pathologist work.