Aspects Of Sharia Research Articles

PRODUCTIVE WAQF MANAGEMENT VIEWED FROM THE MAQASID SYARIAH ASPECT AT THE UMI MAKASSAR WAQF FOUNDATION

This research discusses the appropriateness between Maqasid Sharia aspects and the management of productive Waqf of Indonesian Muslim University's (UMI) Waqf Foundation. The primary objective of this research was to investigate whether the management practices of the Waqf of UMI had contributed to the dharuriyah needs of society or not. In this case, the Waqf management is expected to have beneficial functions for the religion and society where the distribution of its properties and returns could be used for the community's welfare. The methodological approach in this research was qualitative phenomenological, where the phenomena related to Maqasid Sharia and productive Waqf management at UMI foundation were investigated and thoroughly discussed. Last but not least, the Waqf development is carried out by actively providing the community with religious, Business, and health facilities. Therefore, based on the management practices mentioned above, the management of productive Waqf at the UMI foundation was considered to follow the principle of Maqasid Sharia. The purpose of Maqasih Sharia was to create prosperity and welfare for communities. This purpose has been considered to be achieved by the UMI foundation.

Analisis Nisbah Bagi Hasil Produk Deposito Mudharabah Dalam Lembaga Keuangan Syariah


 Profit sharing is profit sharing system in wich the owner of the capital coorporate with the owner of the capital to carry out business activities.if the business activity generates a profit, it is shared by both and when it experiences a loss it is borne together as well. Sharia banking introduced a system to the public with the term Revenue Sharing, which is a profit sharing system that is calculated from the total fund management revenue without deducting the cost of managing funds. The concept of profit sharing aims as follows: (a). The owner of the funds will invest their funds through an Islamic financial institution that acts as the manager. (b). The sharia financial manager or institution will manage the funds in a pool of funds system and will then invest the funds into a viable and profitable project or business that meets the aspects of sharia. (c). Both parties sign a contract wich contains the scope of the cooperation, nominal, ratio and time period for the agreement. In this study, qualitative methods are used. The results of this research are use the result of this research are coorperation in profit sharing in banking product, especialy in mudharbah deposit product. So the profit sharing ratio in mudarabh products can be conlueded that the profits abotained are divided according to the agreed ra
 Keywords: business activity, profit sharing, sharia bank

Performance Analysis of Sharia Banking in Indonesia: Abu Zahrah Maqasid Shariah Index Approach

This study aims to analyze the performance of Islamic Banking (IB) in Indonesia through the maqashid shariah index Abu Zahrah approach. Performance appraisal on Islamic Banking (IB) is generally done through financial performance measurements without including non-financial performance measurements. Furthermore, this study uses descriptive quantitative research methods, namely an approach with a ratio value that can be calculated and described. The research object is 3 Islamic banks in Indonesia registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and published their financial reports for 2018-2020. The results showed that Panin Dubai Sharia Bank obtained the best MSI score among 2 other Islamic banks with an MSI value of 38.59%. Furthermore, Bank BRI Sharia with an MSI score of 30.38%, and finally Bank BTPN Sharia with an MSI score of 30.24%. Panin Dubai Sharia Bank is more focused on achieving maqashid sharia aspects than the other 2 Islamic banks.

Disclosure of Ijtihad: The Changes of the Early Time of Dawn as a Sharia and Science Integration Effort

This article elaborates how ijtihad to changes in the dawn as an effort to integrate sharia and science. With a bibliographic qualitative research method, the author wants to describe how the early dawn changes have been used as guidelines for Muslims. Fajr's schedule has been considered too fast so that it is not in line with the provisions of the texts and the findings of modern science. Muhammadiyah, in its ijtihad, responded openly by making changes to the previous decision compared to the Ministry of Religion and Nadhatul Ulama, which remained in the previous formulation. The study results concluded that reviewing the dawn error at Muhammadiyah had begun in 2016 until it reached maturity in 2020. The results were confirmed at the 31st Tarjih National Conference in 2021 and by the Muhammadiyah Central Executive on March 20, 2021. Effective starting from January 2021, together with the publication of the Muhammadiyah calendar. The Sun's height is the initial criterion for the dawn of time from the original -200. After review, it becomes -180. This change in criteria implies a delay of the early dawn of about eight minutes from the previous one. This change was made to combine aspects of sharia and science with an integrated approach of Bayani, Irfani, and Burhani, considering the benefit of the community.

APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES IN REALIZING MANAGEMENT BANKING WITHOUT INTEREST

The emergence of the Islamic Economic System through Islamic Banking is expected to be a solution in the economic world. This paper purpose to review the principles of Islamic banking management without interest. The method used in this paper is a scientific study approach with library research, with data collection through a study of books, literature, notes, and various reports related to the problem to be solved. The results of the study found that the banking sector in the Islamic economy does not recognize interest rate instruments. The Islamic financial system applies profit and loss sharing, not to interest which has determined the profit level in advance. This Islamic economic value is implemented in Islamic banks and is based on three aspectsnamely aspects of faith, aspects of Sharia and aspects of morality. Islamic banking must also always refer to Islamic principles, namely Justice, Partnership, Transparency, and Universal.

Layanan Urun Dana Shariah (Sharia Equity Crowdfunding) Bagi Umkm, Mana Yang Harus Jadi Prioritas?

Equity crowdfunding has emerged as one of many alternative financing options chosen by start-ups that cannot be financed by banks. There have been numerous studies conducted on equity crowdfunding. However, there have been few studies on Sharia equity crowdfunding. This research is expected to provide start-ups with the priorities they need to pursue in the use of Sharia equity crowdfunding, analyze their problems, and develop authority strategies to develop Sharia equity crowdfunding in Indonesia using the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) approach. According to the findings of the study, information disclosure is still regarded as a critical issue in the development of Sharia equity crowdfunding. The main strategy for developing Sharia equity crowdfunding is the existence of regulations as a foundation for community protection and security, as well as Sharia aspects such as Sharia declarations, contractual aspects, Sharia issuers, Sharia stock instruments, Sharia banks as transaction intermediaries, and the Sharia Supervisory Board, which thoroughly oversees and evaluates them. Furthermore, Sharia equity crowdfunding is highly recommended as a financing solution for start-ups. As a result, it was deemed critical for this study to create a Sharia equity crowdfunding model as a form of advanced acceleration to provide new budgeting for a start-up, which then graduates to a sustainable business.

EFEKTIVITAS AUDIT SYARIAH DI INDONESIA DAN PERSPEKTIF MENURUTAL-QUR’AN DAN HADIS

The purpose of this paper is to determine the development of Islamic banks in Indonesia and the concept of Islamic auditing. Sharia auditing is one of the commands of Allah SWT because it carries out sharia-based activities which of course can be known through the views and perspectives of al-quran and hadith as guidelines for Muslims. The existence of a Sharia audit for Islamic financial institutions, provides assurance and independent accountability for stakeholders Shareholders handle matters related to the operations of Islamic financial institutions in accordance with Sharia principles. In this case, sharia auditors have a vital role, not only ensuring that Islamic financial institutions are responsible for their financial reporting, but also must ensure that all aspects of sharia are perfectly fulfilled.Keywords: syariah audit, al-quran, hadis

Al-Sajā’ir wa shabakat al-‘ulamā’ al-Miṣrīyīn fī Nusantara: Dirāsah fī makhṭūṭ “Bāb fī bayan shurb al-dukhān”

This study reveals on fatwas concerning cigarettes in the Archipelago in the 19th century. The primary source is an Arabic manuscript from Kuningan, West Java, digitized by DREAMSEA, entitled “Bāb fī Bayān Ḥukm Shurb al-Dukhān”. It does not only use arguments from sharia, the interpretation of ulama, and health reasons but also refers to myths and conspiracies. This study finds that this manuscript mentions the existence of ḥaram (prohibited) and makrūh (not legally forbidden but discouraged) on cigarettes referring to two Egyptian ulama in the 17th century. Through analyzing fiqh and social history, this philological study discloses the connection between its author with the Egyptian’s ulama networks as a new center for ideas of Islamic civilization aside from Haramayn. Hence, the arguments of the manuscript openly consider many aspects of sharia in responding to such a new tradition (cigarettes) in the Muslim community. This is different from similar manuscripts discussing this kind of fatwa in the 19th century which only judge as haram so that it is considered politically as a form of a critique against the colonial tobacco business policies.

Sharia strategic economic model on digital zakat technology in Indonesia

This study aims to explain why the economic dimension of sharia is implemented in digital zakat technology at the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) in Indonesia. In Islamic finance, zakat is an obligatory process to donate yearly an excessive share of income (minimum 2.5%) on charity. Research on the implementation of technology in society is fundamental because digital zakat technology has significant potential for the benefit of the people. However, external and internal constraints are the main obstacles to maximizing zakat’s digital potential in its operationalization. Therefore, the strategic contribution of the sharia economy in good corporate governance to accompany the steps of digital zakat development is certainly expected to contribute well to the mustahik empowerment program. The research method used is explanative with the Islamic economic approach. The research’s originality is related to the novelty of digital technology development’s conceptual model in terms of positive law and sharia aspects. The research results reveal that the principle of sharia is one of the strategic factors for digital zakat. The strategic efficiency of the sharia economy towards digital zakat technology at BAZNAS plays an important role in increasing the interest of muzzaki to use digital zakat, therefore in particular digital zakat marketing cannot be separated from sharia law.

Pembiayaan Pembiayaan Bank Syariah Untuk Mengembangkan UMKM

ABSTRAK
 Adanya pembiayaan dari Bank Syariah bertujuan membantu nasabah menghadapi masalah ekonomi, dengan menghidari riba dan berasaskan hukum syariah, bertujuan agar nasabah Bank Syariah dapat terlepas dari masalah perekonomian yang dihadapi.
 Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji secara mendalam persepsi nasabah terhadap produk pembiayaan dan dampak dari adanya pembiayaan BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Jambi untuk mengembangkan UMKM.
 Metode penelitian menjelaskan bahwa lokasi penelitian pada BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Jambi dan di rumah masing-masing subyek. Pendekatan penelitian Kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian fenomenologi, yaitu pengalaman subyektif atau pengalaman fenomenologikal; atau suatu studi tentang kesadaran dari perspektif pokok dari seseorang. Peneliti dengan pendekatan fenomenologis berusaha memahami makna dari suatu peristiwa dan saling pengaruhnya dengan manusia dalam situasi tertentu.
 Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari persespi nasabah mengungkapkan kepuasan terhadap pembiayaan yang sudah dilakukan di BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Jambi baik dari aturan, sistem, pelayanan ataupun angsuran yang harus dibayar. Dampak dari adanya pembiayaan dari BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Jambi terhadap perkembangan UMKM adalah bertambahnya modal yang digunakan untuk menambah stock barang yang akan dijual, memperluas dan memperbaiki tempat usaha, menambah alat penunjang usaha, perkembangan tersebut memberi dampak dengan keuntungan yang meningkat.
 Kata Kunci : Pembiayaan, Bank Syariah, UMKM

Human rights in Muslim law: current issues

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the legal system of Muslim countries. The author analyzes the essence of the concept of human rights and freedoms in Muslim law, as well as comparative characteristics with the Western legal system. The general principles of law in the Muslim system, due to the peculiarities of its historical formation, establish the criteria of conformity of positive law to the values of a particular society, limiting the action of a law to generally accepted moral criteria. It is noted that certain aspects of Sharia have different meanings for followers of Islam and those who do not adhere to this faith. In a ratio religious and secular rules of conduct operate differently. The author points out that in the theory of Muslim law, all people are equal regardless of their social background, skin color or language. It also speaks of the equality of all before the law and the court, but in practice a completely different situation arises. The article analyzes the disrespect for women's rights and the fact that women are essentially unprotected in Islam. It is noted that human rights, which should be universal in nature, were neglected by delegates to the 1993 UN Human Rights Conference in Vienna. In view of this, Islamic society is faced with the question: either Islam and Sharia, or democracy and human rights. At the same time, no explanation was given as to why one should be chosen over the other. The author proposes to gradually incorporate Muslim law into the law of Western countries, but only with respect for the national and cultural peculiarities of the East. It also highlights the importance of developing categories of human rights in the Muslim legal system, taking into account the standards of the Western concept of human rights and conducting a detailed study of Islamic law, rather than simply adding Western notions of natural human rights to Muslim law.

Good Corporate Governance Model in Indonesian Islamic Banking

<p>This study aims to examine the concept and implementation of Good Corporate Governance in Islamic banking in Indonesia. This research is a field research which is sharpened by the literature. This research is descriptive in nature, seeks to examine GCG policies and find ideas to strengthen regulations in compliance with sharia aspects and describes the implementation of GCG in Islamic banking in Indonesia. The method used in data analysis is a qualitative method, namely by presenting it in the form of descriptions and concepts. The performance of Islamic bank management, namely the implementation of GCG consisting of Transparency (Openness), Accountability, Responsibility, Professionalism, Independence, and Fairness, as well as being committed to Sharia Compliance, However, the author only focuses on Sharia Compliance. Then the assessment is carried out periodically and continuously and efforts are made so that it can be carried out properly in accordance with applicable regulations. This research focuses more on the concept and implementation of GCG in Islamic banking.<strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> <strong>Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Sharia Bank Management Performance, Sharia Compliance.</strong></em></p>

The Optimalization of Zakat in Achieving Maqashid Sharia

Zakat is one of the instruments for well-being distribution. Zakat is also one of the most significant institution of Islam, in early Islamic zakat proved to be an extremely effective tool for poverty alleviation and inclusive finance. Total potential of zakat in the OIC member countries ranges from 1.8 percent to 4.34 percent of their GDP. Zakat has the potential to be developed economically. In contrary, development and performance of zakat institutions was relatively poor and this is illustrated by the collection of zakat in Muslim countries on average very low, less than 1% of GDP.
 Maqashid Syariah is considered intellectual methodologies for Islamic studies and Non-Law studies. This has been used by the Muslim scholars to propose Islamic reform and revival in many aspects of live and to address problems of the Ummah in a way that is in line with Islamic tradition and aspirations. The institutions could make the Maqashid Sharia as an essential benchmark to design zakat distribution programs in both countries.
 Zakat Institution objective should be the leading institution in economic empowerment of society by enacted Maqashid Sharia as the basis of designing the sustainable empowerment indicators. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate institutional program of collecting zakat in reaching Maqashid sharia and to identify the issues and the strategies of Zakat institutions. This study presents a comparison of zakat distribution programs between two countries, Indonesia and Malaysia, represented by Bazis DKI Jakarta and LZS in achieving five Maqashid Sharia aspects. This paper contributes to sustain the social life development in terms of the proper Zakat distribution by considering Maqashid Sharia. The originality of this paper is to provide provide insight for strategy on how Zakat institution could optimize their potency in achieving Maqashid Sharia.

Risk Appetite and Investment Behavior: A Study on Indonesia Muslim Investors

It has been nine years since the Indonesia Stock Exchange established a Syariah Online Trading System (SOTS), but the number of investors using this system is still relatively small compared to the regular investor. Moreover, the number is much smaller than the potential number of sharia financial markets. This study aims to describe Muslim investors' behavior in Indonesia who use the regular stock account instead of the sharia account. We surveyed by using both offline and online questionnaires, whereby the investors ask to compose the imaginary stock portfolios consisting of stocks and their weights. Using a convenience sampling method, we succeeded in interviewing 85 respondents spread across Indonesia. This study shows that the risk appetite of Indonesian Muslim investors is risk-averse, and they consider sharia aspects in their investment decision. Nonetheless, the compliance to sharia varies among them. Hence, Indonesian Muslim investors cannot be seen and treat as a homogenous group. JEL Classification: G12, G15, G33How to Cite:Firmansyah, E. A., & Andanawari, N. (2020). Risk Appetite and Investment Behavior: A Study on Indonesia Muslim Investors. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.16062.

Comparing the Contract Between Islamic and Indonesian Laws

In the common transaction, the contract plays a crucial element made between the parties with their consent. Its importance reflects that the contract realizes the parties' agreements and the contract binds the parties mentioned in the agreements. This study aims to review the contract law by analyzing the law of contract from two different laws, which are Islamic and Indonesian laws. This study finds some similarities and differences between Islamic and Indonesian laws when they come to governing contracts. Every contract in Islamic law must comply with sharia aspects, and the law derived from the Quran and Hadith. Meanwhile, based on Indonesian law, a contract can be deemed legal when it complies with the requirements stated in Article 1320 Indonesian Civil Code, and every Contract in Indonesian Law comes and is derived from the Indonesian Civil Code.
 KEYWORDS: contract law, Islamic law, Indonesian law.

DILEMA KEBERAGAMAAN MUSLIM PENGIKUT SAPTA DARMA DALAM MENEMUKAN NILAI-NILAI SPIRITUALITAS

Adherents of Islam and sapta darma feel their beliefs have been inherent in their hearts and minds. Spiritual values are felt and have an impact on changing behavior for the better. This article wants to explain the adherents of religions who experience religious dilemmas in Islam and Sapta Darma in Surabaya. The in-depth interview method is used to find the level of religious maturity from the aspects of sharia and the application of religious teachings. Research findings on spiritual values or religious experience are felt in sapta darma but do not want to leave Islam. This means that spirituality has a higher value than religion. Islam remains as its identity, however, sapta darma becomes its belief or path.

Pengaruh Religiusitas Terhadap Perilaku Distribusi Dan Perilaku Konsumsi Pedagang Muslim Di Kota Medan

This research was motivated by a phenomenon that researchers still found in the field where there was still a deviation in the value of religiosity in the merchant's business behavior, for example lack of weighing of goods and incompatibility of sample items in the catalog provided for buyers with genuine goods for sale . This study aims to examine whether religiosity in the aspects of aqeedah, worship, sharia and morals affect the behavior of distribution traders and consumption behavior of Muslim traders in the city of Medan. This research is quantitative. Data collection uses a list of questions distributed to 100 Muslim traders whose business scale is classified as micro and domiciled / business location in the city of Medan. Data analysis uses the method of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Descriptive Analysis. The results showed simultaneously (F test), religiosity significantly affected the distribution behavior and consumption behavior of Muslim traders. Partially (t test), the religiosity of the moral aspects significantly influences the distribution behavior, while the religiosity of the aqeedah, worship and sharia aspects does not significantly influence the distribution behavior of Muslim traders.

ANALYSIS OF HOME OWNERSHIP FINANCING FOR ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA THROUGH SHARIA ASSET BACKED SECURITIES-PARTICIPATION LETTER

This research was conducted to find out the financing opportunities of home ownership financing for Islamic banks through Sharia Asset Backed Securities-Participation Letters (EBAS-SP) in Indonesia. EBAS-SP are asset backed securities that have a portfolio in the form of a participation letter for secondary home ownership financing that has a system that is in accordance with Islamic Sharia so that in each issuance process the securities must obtain a statement of Sharia principle conformity from the expert team Sharia capital market and Sharia Supervisory Board. This study uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach, following the priority of the strategy as a solution that can be offered. The results of this study indicate that: First, there are 4 issues of issues in developing the ability to mitigate the risk of home ownership financing for Islamic banks in Indonesia through the asset-backed effect of Islamic assets-participation letters, including legal / structural issues, sharia issues, operational issues and human resource issues. Second; For priority issues in terms of the use of Sharia Asset Backed Securities instruments and Participation Letters in the AHP Method frame according to the agreement of Experts, Practitioners, Academics and Regulators are operational aspects and aspects of human resources (HR). Third; the results of this study also show a picture of a solution in the strategy of increasing risk mitigation in PPR products through EBAS-SP for all four issues. And finally, the priority solution in solving problems based on expert agreement is the solution in legal / structural aspects, sharia aspects and operational aspects. So that the risk of home ownership financing mitigation using securities-backed securitization instruments can be a solution for home ownership financing for the community. Because EBAS takes the form of a participation letter supported by liquid assets and has a relatively small risk.

Estetika Struktural Sastra Dakwah Dalam Bidadari Untuk Dewa Karya Asma Nadia

This study discusses Nadia's Asma da'wah messages in the Bidadari Untuk Dewa novel and how the delivery of da'wah messages in the story. This research is a study that uses a qualitative approach and discourse analysis of the Van Dijk model. The source of this research is in the form of library literature. The results of this study state that the preaching message contained in this novel covers aspects of aqeedah, sharia, and morality. Aspects of aqeedah include tawakkal, piety and istiqomah values. Sharia aspects include sholat, mu'amalah, and prayer. Then the moral aspects include patience, sincerity, grateful gratitude, humility and honesty. From the thematic side, it was found that the title of Bidadari untuk Dewa was taken from a true story. This story illustrates the story of the journey of a young man who decides to do business and get married at a relatively young age and has to face various life problems ranging from financial, debt, business studies, female exams, friendship, and even almost losing his life at the age of 5 years. In the storyline, this novel is the longest novel Asma Nadia that she has written during her career in the world of writing. That is all due to the "complexity" of the life journey of a young businessman who is adopted.
 Keywords: da'wah messages; discourse analysis; novels

MEKANISME PEMBIAYAAN PEMILIKAN RUMAH iB MASLAHAH DENGAN AKAD MURABAHAH DI BANK BJB SYARIAH KANTOR CABANG BOGOR

<p><em>One of the primary human needs besides clothing and food is shelter, namely a place to live (house), along with the changing times the need for a proper place to live (house) has become a necessity. Having a proper place to live (house) is a dream for all humans, to have a proper place to live (house) requires several requirements and of course through the existing mechanisms. Bank financial institutions can be partners and solutions in meeting the need for a decent place to live (house). The existence of home ownership financing products in Islamic Banking has provided an alternative to housing financing that is free from usury (interest). One of them is the Murabahah contract which provides certainty about the amount of installments that the customer must pay each month. The purpose of this study is to find out the iB Maslahah Home Ownership Financing Mechanism with the Murabahah Agreement at Bank Jabar Banten Syariah Bogor Branch Office, the results show that the Ownership Financing Mechanism Rumah iB Maslahah With Murabahah Agreement at Bank Jabar Banten Syariah Bogor Branch Office promotes halal and good investment and produces the expected return, in channeling its financing always prioritizes the aspects of Sharia, always observes the systems and financing procedures used in accordance with standard operating procedures and operational standards management.</em></p>