Aspects Of Road Safety Research Articles

Intelligent transport systems and effects on road traffic accidents: state of the art

The results from several reviews have been presented and the aspects of road safety associated with intelligent transport systems (ITS) applications have been addressed. The attempt is to make a state-of-the-art regarding effects on accidents by categorising systems according to levels of evaluations methods that have been applied. These categories are effects on behaviour, effects on accidents by proxy/surrogate methods, accident studies from real traffic, effects on accident types and finally by meta-analysis where weighted estimates of effects on accidents can be calculated. Thirty-three IT systems including driver assistance systems/advanced driver assistance systems, in-vehicle information systems, in-vehicle data-collection systems and road telematics have been listed. Effects based on meta-analysis are estimated for 11 systems, and single accident studies are found for an additional 2 systems. For the remaining 20 systems, no studies from real road traffic have been identified. Effects on accidents of antilocking brake systems and electronic stability control (ESC) are presented in more detail according to their effects on certain accident types. ESC appears to be very efficient in reducing the number of accidents. Behavioural adaptations to ITS are considered and discussed, especially in terms of compensation mechanisms. Four hypotheses regarding prediction of effects on accidents are stated according to whether systems increase or decrease 'windows of opportunities' by calling upon a driver behaviour model where emotions play a central role

Approach to Road Safety Related In-Vehicle Route Guidance

An approach to a multi-criterion route guidance is proposed, where the recommended route also takes into account aspects of road safety. This approach assumes accident prone areas in the road network which increases the risk for passing car drivers so that it could be advantageous to avoid this area. The paper shows the concrete potentials of the approach by means of an authentic example. It is proved that recommended routes can essentially differ depending on whether road safety is taken into account or not. Finally the possibilities of technical realisation on the condition of todays available technologies and organisational terms are discussed.

Human factors and road safety: Overview of research at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute between 1977 and 1986

This article presents a brief overview of the research performed at tge Human Factors Division of The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute between 1977 and 1986. The focus of the research has been on human factors (ergonomics) aspects of road safety. Specifically, the research has dealt with the following issues: vehicle headlighting, vehicle rear lighting and signalling, vehicle displays and controls, vehicle components, conspicuity of vehicles, legibility of traffic signs and licence plates, driver reaction time, driver performance, stopping sight distance, driver seated position, individual differences (drivers with disabilities, older drivers), methods for measuring blood alcohol concentration, societal violence and traffic accidents, cross-cultural comparison of driver risk-perception, and theoretical issues.

The hermeneutics of accidents and safety

The engineering aspects of road safety have now become so sophisticated that road accidents have seemingly reached an asymptotic level. Unfortunately this level is well above zero, and the remainin...

A new family of microelectronic packages for avionics : Roger E. Settle, Jr. Solid St. Technol. p. 54 (June 1978)

There are approximately 45,000 legally registered microbus drivers in Mexico City. Being legally registered means that they fulfill in due time all the obligations and observe the regulations derived from their vehicle and their concession. However, for working and social security purposes they are informal operators and live in precarious conditions, as they are not in receipt of benefits and do not have a fixed salary or health insurance. This means that their job and the risks and demands involved in it are translated into long days of work, fatigue, professional illnesses and stressful conditions which lead to aggressive behaviors and constitute a risk factor in road safety. In 2012 alone, 4,712 accidents were recorded in this group. Thus, based on the premise that working and health conditions determine road safety, an exploratory descriptive study was conducted from a quantitative research approach. Such study consisted of 500 supervised interviews with drivers, to explore socioeconomic, work and health variables, including some aspects of road safety and driving styles. The exposure-effect ratio in road accidents was then analyzed. Among the main results of this research, a correlation of 0.77 was identified between road accidents and drivers working for over 8 hours per day; 0.78 for drivers working more than 5 days per week; and 0.73 between the number of tickets and working days of more than 8 hours. Road accidents are explained by these high percentages.

Visual aspects of road safety. b.

Visual aspects of road safety. b.

Visual aspects of road safety.

Visual aspects of road safety.

MEDICAL ASPECTS OF ROAD SAFETY

MEDICAL ASPECTS OF ROAD SAFETY

Medical Aspects of Road Safety — The Doctor and His Pen

IT was recently predicted that in ten years road casualties in Britain will have risen to an annual total of 350,000, an increase of 40 per cent over the present figure. Two committees of the British Medical Association have studied some of the medical factors involved. One of these committees considered the question of alcohol. In its report, entitled "The Recognition of Intoxication," the Committee states its belief that people under the influence of alcohol are responsible for many more accidents than official records indicate. They think that the police are reluctant to assign alcohol as the cause of an . . .

Medical Aspects of Road Safety

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> This paper describes the epidemiology of home- and work-related injuries, their mechanisms, inequalities and costs associated with these injuries. <h3>Methods</h3> A household survey was undertaken in three palikas (administrative areas) of Makwanpur district between April-June, 2019. Data were collected electronically on non-fatal injuries that occurred in the previous three months and fatal injuries that occurred in the previous five years. <h3>Findings</h3> 17,593 individuals were surveyed from 3,327 households. The injury rate was 8.0/1000 population for home injuries and 6.4/1000 for work-related injuries; 61.0% of home injuries were among females and 69.9% of work-related injuries among males. Forty-eight percent of all home injuries were due to falls (28 males (50.9%) and 40 females (46.5%)); burn/scalds were higher among females 15 (10.5%). Cuts and piercings accounted for 40% of all work-related injuries and 36.3% were falls. Injury incidence varied by ethnic group: home injuries were highest in Brahmin (12/1000) and work-related injuries highest in Rai groups (21.0 per 1000). The total mean cost of work-related injury was US$143.3 (SD 276.7), higher than for home injuries (US$130.4, SD 347.6). The number of home (n = 74, 64.9%) and work-related (n = 67, 77.9%) injuries were higher in families below the poverty line (&lt;US$1.9) than families in the next income bracket (US$1.9–3.2)(home: n = 22, 19.3%; work: n = 11, 12.8%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Home and occupational fall injuries are common. The inequalities in injury identified in our study by rurality, age, sex, income level and ethnic group can help target injury prevention interventions for vulnerable groups. <h3>What is already known on the subject</h3> Limited epidemiological data are available in Nepal about the location of injury, activity taking place when injury occurred and the costs of injury There is limited information about the distribution of injuries by ethnicity and income groups. <h3>What this study adds</h3> People from rural areas experience more injuries than people living in urban or city areas Manual workers sustain more work-related injuries than those in other occupations Certain ethnic groups have higher rates of injuries than other ethnic groups People with lower income experience more injuries than people with higher incomes Injury costs are high in relation to average per capita income.