Racial Aspects Research Articles

Commentary: Should Reporters Use Risk as a Determinant of Environmental Coverage?

Although many of the news sources that provide environmental information to the media discuss environmental issues in terms of degree of risk, journalists continue to rely on their own traditional determinants of news. They cover the politics, the economics, the social aspects, and even the racial aspects of environmental stories, in addition to the scientific questions involved. By hanging on to their own ways of looking at things, the media have steered clear of the influence of those involved in environmental affairs. They have set their own environmental agendas instead of relying on the value judgments of their sources.

The Right in France, 1789-1997

Provides an overview of the French Right in its many guises. The text includes essays on aspects of the Right from the revolution of 1789, covering themes such as gender, empire, race and ethnicity. It also provides insights into territory such as Bonapartism, Vichy and Gaullism. The French Right is a constant, evolving and continuing theme in all aspects of the political life of the French nation - shaping much of this country's nation-state from the Revolution to the present - and is now a burning contemporary issue. The authors show how the influence of the French Right has entered into all areas of political, economic, social, cultural, religious and especially racial aspects of French life. This revised and updated work edition reveals how the French Right has been a major factor in Bonapartism, the Vichy experience and the World Wars, Gaullism, post-Gaullism and the present resurgence of the Right under Le Pen. This edition takes the story up to the present and demonstrates that the French Right, despite electoral defeat, remains a potent force and an underlying constant in French political experience.

Zen and the art of garden province maintenance: the soft intimacy of hard men in the wilderness of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, 1952–1997

Within the short space of a few decades, the South African white male's role as a game ranger and conservationist rose to glory and fell from grace. The disgrace roughly coincided with the demise of apartheid as the ideological basis of racial hierarchies became more widely recognised. The illegitimacy of the white conservationist's colonial role as the gamekeeper and custodian who forcibly withheld natural resources from African people became apparent. This knocked the calling and mission of the game ranger off the moral high ground, and forced it down to the grassroots to consider more egalitarian participatory approaches. While the racial and class connotations of colonial conservation have been well recognised, such analyses have rested on the presentation of the game ranger as an insensitive khaki‐clad macho man on a militarised mission, possibly driven by romantic ideals. In such depictions, the losers of this war over resources are rural African people — especially women who are generally seen as closer to the earth in the struggle for livelihood. This essay does not seek to challenge such a reading of history, but maintains that the story is not that simple. White men did not make this history themselves. Both the racial and gendered aspects of nature conservation need to be seen in a multi‐dimensional frame that accommodates the insouciant agency of people, as well as nature. This it does by focusing on South African wilderness politics in the province of KwaZulu‐Natal. It also shows the links with the global situation and situates such an analysis in terms of the debates about changing masculinities where the frontier experience has been fundamental. In another settler society (Australia) the environmental movement which identifies with wilderness in particular, has been shown to be an important home for men seeking to shrug off their hegemonic power and attempting to move against the ingrained habits of their race and class identities. In the maverick lives of Ian Player and Nick Steele, the two white men principally examined here, identification with wild nature and indigenous Africans did involve some quite radical reorientation away from the milieu of the white ruling class. They anticipated and influenced trends that came to the global environmental movement relatively recently. Player and Steele were, however, caught up in circumstances that made for some curious local twists in their adventures on a frontier’ where the laws of nature became confused with social ideals.

Adoption Policy and Special Needs Children

Foreword by Peter C. Winkler Preface An Advocate's Perspective by Judith Anderson Racial Aspects of the Move to Adoption by Sherrie A. Kossoudji The Adoption of Older Children by Elizabeth S. Cole Disabled Children and Adoption by Ann Coyne Adoption Disruption by Marianne Berry Adoption Recruitment Meeting the Needs of Waiting Children by Drenda S. Lakin and Linda Whitfield Variations in State Adoption Assistance Laws by Alice Bussiere Federal Financial Support of Special Needs Adoption by Rosemary J. Avery and Daniel M. Mont The Value of Special Needs Adoptions by Richard P. Barth

"We Have Been Reborn": Japanese Prisoners and the Allied Propaganda War in the Southwest Pacific

On December 7, 1941, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor gave rise to frenetic efforts by United States to mobilize for war against treacherous and inscrutable Japanese enemy. The racial aspects of Pacific War were overt and have dominated scholarship and public perceptions of conflict against Japan since final Allied victory. The World War-II era Japanese soldier is most often remembered for his fanatical fight against insuperable odds and an adherence to principle of death before dishonor Another common recollection and historiographical theme is that of American GIs' unmitigated hatred of Japanese as a monomaniacal, fierce, and suicidal adversary. John W Dower's fascinating study of impact of racial hatred on Pacific War provides an abundance of evidence of extent to which stereotypes of the other dominated fighting in Pacific. Dower concedes that occasionally fair numbers ofJapanese were taken prisoner:' but concludes that mostJapanese fought until they were killed,

Implications of Racial Identity Theory for Vocational Psychology

In this paper, we argue that racial identity theory has the potential to explain some aspects of vocational development. However, we hypothesize that its heuristic value would be maximized by deliberatively focusing on the racial aspects of vocational development at the individual and systemic levels. Toward encouraging the use of racial identity theory in vocational psychology, we discuss the concepts of career salience, satisfaction, and satisfactoriness.

African-American Male Sexual Behavior and the Risk for HIV Infection

Social researchers and epidemiologists have been slow to address racial aspects of the AIDS epidemic. This lag has occurred in spite of the fact that African-Americans have been disproportionately affected by HIV. Few community-based interventions have been designed specifically for minority males. Those health educators who have attempted to respond to the growing public health problem of sexually transmitted AIDS among African-American males have had little or no socio-cultural information on which to develop their intervention models.

Racial Aspects of Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

The incidence, prevalence, and severity of essential hypertension are higher in minority adult populations, especially black Americans. Studies have not uniformly shown that black children and adolescents have higher blood pressure values than whites of the same age. The goal of this article is to review data available comparing minority and white populations. A section discussing studies addressing racial differences in related topics is included to demonstrate the existing fields of research that may not be familiar to the general pediatrician.

Keeping Their Distance: The Cultural Production and Reproduction of 'Racist Non-Racism'

This is the second of a two-part analysis of the conceptualisation of culture, 'race' and ethnicity. Part one, 'Establishing Difference: Culture, 'Race', Ethnicity and the Production of Ideology' appeared in the July issue of this journaL Following on from that discussion which focused on the ideological aspects of racism, this article considers the mechanics of discrimination - the areas of articulation between ideas and actions. Crucial sites of access to the social systems of advanced capitalist societies are identified ('points of entry'), where bureaucratised settings have the potential to rigidify cultural differences. By these means, forms of oppression based upon cultural criteria can come to resemble those based upon 'racial' criteria. Modes of social relations which utilise these criteria are discussed and related within a non-functionalist model of social reproduction.

Blacks, Loyalty, and Motion-Picture Propaganda in World War II

White America fought World War II as a remarkably unified country. In black America, however, a strong current of apathy, and sometimes barely muted opposition to the Allies, was evident. For blacks the war brought into sharp relief their duality in American society. Franklin D. Roosevelt identified Allied war aims with democracy's Four Freedoms. But Walter White, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), pointed out that blacks had to for the right to fight for democracy. Horace Cayton, a Chicago sociologist and black leader, posed the issue starkly in December 1941: Am I a Negro first and then a policeman or soldier second, or should I forget in any emergency situation the fact that . . . my first loyalty is to my race? Millions of blacks had to ask themselves that question during World War II.1 That potential fissure in the drive for mass mobilization alarmed wartime policy makers. As the agency charged with interpreting war aims to the public and arousing mass support for the war, the Office of War Information (OWI) played a crucial, if little known, role in trying to mobilize black support and in interpreting American race relations to an international audience. This article analyzes the racial aspects of OWI's propaganda campaign, in particular its longest-lived and most significant effort its liaison with Hollywood motion-picture studios. Although black leaders and OWI policy makers hoped to work together to improve Hollywood's portrayal of people of color, the objectives of black leaders and those of the propagandists proved to be incompatible.2

Psychological aspects of racism in the international perspective.

In the early development of the child, the family plays a fundamental part in laying the foundation of attitudes which serve the purpose of helping the child to behave appropriately to situations which may be a threat to him; one such attitude is racism. On the one hand racism builds a strong bond among individuals of the same race, but on the other hand it can put strong barriers between people belonging to different races. The prejudice against other racial groups usually lurks under the surface in the human mind, but certain factors may cause this to explode into deep hatred and violence. In this paper, the psychological causes of prejudice and their effects are discussed.

Can Marxism Explain America's Racism?

The Marxist interpretation of the black experience in America has always had difficulty explaining various noneconomic aspects of racism and the presence of racism within the working class. With the development of post-World War II capitalism, Marxism seems unable to concede and intellectually incorporate an economics of uselessness in which large numbers of blacks are permanently unemployed. Many blacks who are also highly critical of capitalism have come to reject a class analysis which blames capitalists for the racism within the white working class. Yet, by understanding more fully the labor process within capitalism, it is possible to incorporate an explanation of working-class racism within another type of class analysis.

Alternative Models of Neighborhood Change

Social scientists have long engaged in studying the racial transition of neighborhoods in urban areas. One aspect of such change that is often debated is the tipping point phenomenon. In this paper an attempt is made to formulate a model which captures this phenomenon and when it is tested against alternative models the results support the tipping point position. Furthermore, the model proposed is shown to be superior to simple extrapolation as a means, which would be useful to planners and others, for predicting the direction of future neighborhood change. Those engaged in urban studies have in recent years become increasingly concerned with the racial aspects of intraurban residential location. In the present paper I fix on one of these aspects-the changing of neighborhoods from white to Negro. Urban economists (Bailey; Ladd; Lapham; Laurenti; Muth) studying this phenomenon have been primarily interested in racial differentials and discrimination in the pricing of housing while sociologists (Duncan and Duncan; Taeuber and Taeuber; Wolf, a, b) have attempted to analyze the social and economic charactersitics of those groups, both Negro and white, involved in a neighborhood change. I shall develop in this paper a model, useful to planners and others, capable of predicting which areas (or neighborhoods) of a city will turn over racially from white to Negro and what the extent of this turnover will be in the intermediate (i.e., ten years) future. As will be explained in the next section the model is based primarily on economic variables and, in particular, the mobility of white residents will be treated in economic terms. This economic condition (mobility) of the white residents will offer a fuller explanation of racial turnover than that provided by a more mechanical procedure. I will characterize a mechanical procedure or naive model as one which would simply extrapolate present Negro areas. That is, over a ten-year period such an approach would suggest that a white area would turn Negro inversely in relationship to its distance from Negro areas at the beginning of the tenyear period. A variation of this sort of mechanical is the tipping point hypothesis or theory.' According to this theory once a white area has attained a certain percentage (tipping point) of Negro, or other minority, residents the area will inevitably and at an acelerated rate turn completely Negro. The numerical value, or percentage, at which this tipping phenomenon occurs is usually suggested to be between 10 and 20 percent Negro in an area but can vary from city to city and neighborhood to neighborhood (Grodzins). As a part of this paper I intend to provide statistical tests of the validity of this tipping point theory.

Cultivars from Antelope House

ABSTRACTA review of maize in context of the evolutionary, racial, utilitarian, and morphological aspects of archaeological and ethno- botanical interest is presented. Data collected from Antelope House are examined and discussed on these bases. A brief summary of the beans, cotton, and cucurbits from this site is included.

The Spatial Structure of Newark, New Jersey

Thirty-seven variables describing demographic, socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, mobility, housing, structural, and locational aspects, were factor analyzed for Newark City and for Newark metropolitan area, in 1960. Roughly corresponding orthogonal dimensions were found. They were interpreted as segregation (racial-ethnic dimension), social rank, familism, mobility, and wives' employment, respectively, with a weak additional maleness dimension emerging in the metropolitan area. The strength of the dimensions shifted from city to metropolitan area. Segregation was the most important one in the city, with social rank and familism next. The metropolitan area had social rank first and familism next. Urban-suburban mean differences were strong but could not account for the dimensional differences in strength. Suburban differentiation appeared somewhat better caught by the dimensions than its city counterpart. Three dimensions may be seen as belonging to the familism type, but they did not refer to different stages of the family cycle in the first place, as in some Scandinavian studies. All dimensions showed some zonal variation in the metropolitan area. Social rank (and maleness) also varied sectorially, and segregation had a clustered spatial pattern.

Sex and Income Inequality among the Employed

Discrimination in the labor market has received considerable attention in the last two decades. Racial aspects have been a primary concern, but the question of discrimina tion against females has assumed an increasing importance. Despite statements of alleged discrimination against women, there is a paucity of empirical evidence. For the most part, the evidence cited—including that in governmental studies—is based upon comparisons of gross earnings by sex obtained from census studies or studies of particular industries. The pur pose of this study is to isolate pure measures of wage dis crimination on the basis of sex, within narrowly defined occupations. The measures are pure in that factors other than sex, to which wage differentials might be attributed, are taken into account. The results of the analysis of wages in four narrowly defined occupations clearly suggest that wage dis crimination has a sex dimension. A sex variable is con sistently powerful in explaining wage dispersion. Moreover, the estimated sex differentials generally exceed those related to color, often by considerable amounts. This finding poses obvious theoretical questions. If the wage for labor is deter mined under free market conditions, the continued existence of discrimination seems implausible in the absence of real differ ences in productivity among sex and color groups. This suggests that there are differences in the supply and demand curves relating to different groups of labor which arise out of subjective, rather than objective, factors.

Black Americans and the City: A Historical Survey

The migration of blacks from the South has been an important factor in the redistribution of the population internally in America, and this great migration has had far-reaching impact upon the lives of the blacks themselves and has been the source of change in the social policies and the lifestyle of urban centers across the country. It has affected every dimension of the forms and functions for those cities which have been forced to make way for the location of these black Americans within areas that were previously occupied by large numbers of ethnic stock which had preceded the blacks during the wave of the great immigration from Europe. There is extensive documentation of the myriad problems encountered by cities and by ethnics in the adjustment process of the ethnics to the new way of life in America; those problems have been compounded since World Wars I and II as cities have had to make way for this visible black element within their populations. These problems have been complicated by the racial aspects, adding a new dimension the ethnics did not face.

Proposed Research to Reduce Racial Aspects of the Environment-Heredity Uncertainty

Proposed Research to Reduce Racial Aspects of the Environment-Heredity Uncertainty

Racial Aspects of Federal Public Relations Programs

Racial Aspects of Federal Public Relations Programs

Racial Aspects of Self-Identification in Nursery School Children

(1939). Racial Aspects of Self-Identification in Nursery School Children. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 91-99.