Aspects Of Public Policy Research Articles

Eurointegration aspects of public housing policy in forming public health strategies in Ukraine

In article the domestic legislative and regulatory documents, materials of bodies of public authority, non-governmental organizations, materials of specialized sites are considered. The article used both basic interdisciplinary and systematic approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis, modeling. The purpose of article is to develop complexes of tools to stimulate citizens’ participation in formation and realization of the public housing policy and public health policy according to different levels of their housing self-sufficiency. The study proved that the categorical apparatus is being improved in the field of science “Public Administration” in the context of defining the concept of “residential self-sufficiency of the population”. This is the ability of citizens, depending on their material wealth, social situation, cultural and aesthetic preference, local traditions to satisfy their basic needs for the use or possession of secure housing and land on a temporary or permanent basis. The importance of connection of public housing policy with the public health system based on the selfsufficiency of the local community has also been proven. The complexes of tools for stimulating the participation of the population in the formation and implementation of the state housing policy for groups of the population are defined, depending on the level of their housing self-sufficiency. Establishing a link between social policies for vulnerable groups of the population, the state of health of citizens and the level of their housing self-sufficiency will allow developing transversal approaches to housing construction and public health policy in general. Establishing the relationship between the state of health of citizens and the level of their living self-sufficiency will allow developing approaches to public housing policy and public health policy.

Leveraging Political Resources: Applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence

AbstractAs politics becomes increasingly polarized, the value of collective political action becomes more visible and overt. Nonprofit organizations act collectively in pursuit of their policy goals in nearly all aspects of public policy. Understanding how nonprofits borne of social movements engage politically expands our insight into advocacy coalition behavior following seemingly effective social movements. The coalition’s leveraging of political resources provides us this insight. This study assesses the policy activities produced or maintained within a U.S. national domestic violence advocacy coalition over its lifetime to determine how and when resources were leveraged. A directed content analysis is conducted on historical data to capture the evolution of coalition activities over a 41-year period. The coalition’s emphasis on policy change waned over time as it achieved its policy goals. The coalition then leaned on its largest resources, mobilizable troops, and information to increasingly emphasize policy implementation and evaluation. These findings indicate thatwhenin the policy process coalitions leverage their political resources may be more important thanhowcoalitions leverage resources. Framing nonprofit political activity across the stages of the policy process can open doors to better use of scarce political resources.

The US bioeconomy at the intersection of technology, policy, and education

AbstractThe bioeconomy is a complex, multivariate, and interdisciplinary system that requires a comprehensive assessment of its independent parts if it is to be understood fully. Hence, this article presents a holistic perspective of industry, public policy, and education aspects of the US bioeconomy. It is premised on the idea that a successful bioeconomy industry relies on the balanced development of all stages of the supply chain. For this balance to be struck, a strong interdisciplinary workforce must find novel solutions to multifaceted problems across the entirety of the supply chain. These solutions require innovative technologies that can improve the climate benefit of bioproducts, decrease their production costs, and make them more economically competitive. Increasing consumer education and awareness about the bioeconomy goes hand in hand with the development of a robust market for bioproducts. To guide these interdependent efforts, public policies must encourage demand, support competitive markets, promote the entry of renewable options, and stimulate growth by reducing financial barriers. We contend that a combination of policies is likely to be more effective than any singular policy on its own. Supporting the bioeconomy also entails attending to an existing lack of public awareness as well as workforce‐ready professionals. To address these gaps, the USA must increase the intensity and intentionality of its efforts to educate students about the bioeconomy, particularly at the K‐12 level. Furthermore, these efforts should encompass both formal and informal learning contexts in order to meet the workforce challenges facing the bioeconomy now and in the future. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Betamax V. STC: Alleged Illegality, Public Policy and the Model Law

Public policy can be raised in the context of setting aside or enforcing an arbitral award, and there is within international commercial arbitration a general consensus that the public policy concept should be defined narrowly. There is one aspect of public policy in particular which highlights the tension between the finality of awards and the right of the forum state to uphold its public policy. That is the situation where, in the face of alleged illegality, the arbitral tribunal concludes the underlying contract is lawful and enforceable. The question then arises: should a national court be permitted to re-examine the tribunal’s findings in this regard at the point of setting aside or enforcement? Relying on authorities from Singapore and England, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Betamax v State Trading Corporation – a case appealed from Mauritius and which concerned an alleged breach of public procurement rules – has held that the answer to that question should be no. The Privy Council’s decision will be an important addition to the Model Law jurisprudence on Articles 34(2)(b)(ii) and 36(1)(b)(ii), and one can expect it to be cited and discussed beyond the confines of Mauritius. international arbitration, domestic arbitration, remission, partial remission, suspension of proceedings, Article 34(4) of UNCITRAL Model Law, arbitral tribunal, judicial intervention, powers of arbitrators, modified award, Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996, curability, International Arbitration Act, Singapore Arbitration Act, resumption, fresh evidence.

What law should apply then? The implications of the successful invocation of the public policy defence in EU private international law in family matters

The EU legislation in the area of private international law addresses explicitly the “negative” aspect of public policy, i.e. the non-application of the otherwise applicable law on the ground that it is at variance with the fundamental values of the forum. By contrast, the legislative measures adopted so far remain silent as to the law or rules that one should apply as a result of the successful invocation of the public policy defence. The paper aims, first, to assess the approach whereby the latter issue should be decided in accordance with the private international law rules of the forum. Secondly, the paper contends that an autonomous solution to the issue of the subsidiarily applicable law should mirror the goals pursued by the EU legislator – namely autonomy, flexibility, proximity and foreseeability –, and enshrined in the already adopted instruments dealing with the conflict of laws, rather than following the more widely known and endorsed approaches either not ensuring foreseeability and legal certainty, or leading to the immediate application of the lex fori. The focus will be on conflict-of-law rules in family matters, although similar patterns can be exported to other areas of the judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters.

Surveillance for hepatitis B virus seroprevalencenearly 30 years after the implementation of a national vaccination program

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vaccination is one aspect of public health policy aimed at eliminating HBV infection. After the implementation of an HBV vaccination program for newborns in Thailand, the estimated residual infection rate was 3.5%. However, that study was conducted in only 5,964 participants in seven provinces and only 22 years after the start of the campaign. This study aimed to evaluate the HBV seroprevalence rate in Thailand in larger sample size and a longer duration after program implementation using HBV surveillance.This was a surveillance study conducted in 20 provinces in northeast Thailand. The study period was between July 2010 and November 2019. Rates of HBV seroprevalence in each province and overall were calculated. Participants were divided into two groups: those vaccinated under the national campaign and those who were not. Participants aged 0-20 years were used as references, while other age groups (intervals of 10 years) were comparators. Residual HBV seroprevalence after the vaccination program was calculated with odds ratio for HBV seroprevalence in each age group.There were 31,855 subjects who participated in the project. Of those, 1,805 (5.7%) had HBV. The HBV seroprevalence rate in the national HBV vaccination group was significantly lower than that in those not vaccinated under the national program (1.0% vs 5.9%; p<0.001). Seroprevalence was 1.0% in participants ≤20 years of age. Participants 31-40 years of age had the highest odds ratio (10.41), followed those 21-30 years of age (7.42).This real-world surveillance study showed that residual HBV infection was 1.0% after nearly 30 years of nationwide HBV vaccination.

Changing policy paradigms: How are the climate change mitigation-oriented policies evolving in Nepal and Bangladesh?

The inclusion of climate mitigation actions in the Nationally Determined Contributions and climate policies of low-income countries such as Nepal and Bangladesh means that policymakers are seeking to address both types of responses to climate change. This study assesses changes in policy paradigms pertinent to climate mitigation, in Nepal and Bangladesh for the period from 1992 to 2018. Policy paradigm refers to the framework of policymakers' ideas and strategies that influence the formulation of policies across different aspects. This research develops and uses an analytical framework which considers the following aspects of public policy: (i) problems and focus; (ii) content (policy instruments and financial resources); (iii) institutions and strategic interactions; and (iv) global environment-related initiatives. Relevant policies (18 for Bangladesh and 17 for Nepal) were analyzed and thematically coded using NVivo software. While most aspects showed notable change over time, the institutions and strategic interactions aspect showed only incremental change. Although primarily focussed on adaptation, a new policy paradigm that seems to have emerged post-2005 for Nepal and Bangladesh focuses on low carbon development, access to energy, sustainable transport, and sustainable agricultural practices. To operationalize the new policy paradigms in both countries, economic and market-based policy instruments that utilize the government's internal funding will need to support policies to minimize the impacts of changes in official development assistance.

Does reframing urban policy around wellbeing support carbon mitigation?

New Zealand (‘Aotearoa’) is a highly urbanised country with one of the first governments in the world to adopt a wellbeing budget framework. That framework, in combination with the architecture for decarbonisation provided by New Zealand’s 2019 ‘Zero Carbon’ Act, means there are now institutional and policy incentives in place, and developing incrementally, to combine the pursuit of wellbeing and decarbonisation. These incentives also align with the outcomes highlighted in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper considers the way policy and institutional approaches to carbon mitigation are being linked to wellbeing in three interconnected urban, non-agricultural domains responsible for much of New Zealand’s carbon emissions: building, urban form and transport. Looking beyond the current Covid-19 recovery process, emerging evidence is presented to ascertain whether the wellbeing-focused policy approach, with its associated attention to co-benefits, is creating a clear institutional refocusing. In addition, other evidence suggests that New Zealanders see health and wellbeing as improving, at the same time as the country is moving towards the net zero carbon emissions target. <strong><em>Policy relevance</em></strong> In New Zealand, a new emphasis by the government on wellbeing now provides a powerful policy framing. At the same time, attention to the critical issue of climate change is strongly influencing many aspects of public policy. This paper investigates, for three related economic domains—building, urban form and transport—how the new framing is being manifested in institutions and policy. Attention to co-benefits, highlighting elements of wellbeing, appears to be shifting the policy debate away from economic growth towards a richer set of concerns more relevant to an era in which managing environmental, social and health crises (such as Covid-19), decarbonisation, and housing affordability are more prominent. The paper also outlines a new research programme that measures outcomes from a set of major public housing and urban regeneration investments in terms of wellbeing metrics.

Is Foreign Policy Special?

Abstract People say foreign policy is a special sort of public policy. This article challenges that claim. It argues that judges should treat foreign policy in the same way they treat other sorts of policy. The article responds to four related lines of argument: that foreign policy is special on account of the constitutional separation of powers; that it demands a special sort of democratic legitimacy; that it is especially complex, secret and prophetic; and that it is simply more important than other aspects of public policy. These might be good reasons to defer to the government in general, but they are not good reasons to grant special deference to foreign policy.

The Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Responses from Various Policy Actors in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 2020: An Introduction to a Special Issue

Hundreds of thousands of articles related to COVID-19 have been published worldwide, and many of them have focused on public administration and public policy aspects related to this pandemic. Certainly, the general lack of relevant knowledge and necessary experience for a robust governance strategy and evidence-based policy-making became a global problem in 2020. This is certainly the case for all countries of the Central and Eastern European region, including the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This gap in research perspectives needs to be filled because of the enormous public policy challenges raised due to the COVID-19 pandemic. SciPap is an international academic journal of regional importance, and this special issue aims to contribute some answers to present research shortcomings and the lack of inputs for evidence-based policy-making. More precisely, this special issue is focused on public policies and responses of various actors to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 2020.

Community participation in local economic development in the village of Makalu, Posumaen sub-district

This study aims to analyze the level of community participation in local economic development in Makalu Village, Posumaen District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The sample used in this study was 30 respondents taken randomly. Respondents are local economic actors in Makalu Village. Measurement of the level of community participation in regional economic development (LED) is based on the participation ladder proposed by Arnstein (1969). Analysis of Arnstein’s degree of participation, using the scoring method in determining the level of participation using variables (1) degree of communication, (2) public knowledge of the decision making the process, (3) community control over planning policies. The results showed the level of community participation for the communication aspect was at the consultation level. The public knowledge aspect of the decision-making forum and the control aspect of public policy was at the level of anger reduction/placation. Overall the level of community participation in the development of the local economy participation ladder is at the level of tokenism / just a justification so that the community is not offended or feels unrecognized.

Drug Checking as Strategy for Harm Reduction in Recreational Contests: Evaluation of Two Different Drug Analysis Methodologies.

Introduction: Drug checking as a part of drug harm-reduction strategies represents an essential aspect of public health policies. It focuses on rapid identification of drugs that individuals intend to use during night events, in order to implement health-protective behaviors. Chemical drug analysis techniques vary considerably, from simple colorimetric reagents to advanced forensic methods such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Materials and Methods: In 2019, drug-check services were offered at some night events in Umbria (Central Italy). One hundred and twenty attendees directly delivered unidentified substances to a harm-reduction worker, who collected a few milligrams of the substances on ceramic plates and added a drop of colorimetric reagent. Multiple reagents were used to increase the diagnostic capacity of a substance, which may react with a specific drug or a few drugs. Later, a fraction of the samples was analyzed by GC/MS. The concordance of the results obtained using these two methodologies and the intended behaviors of consumers after being informed of the test result was evaluated.Results: We analyzed 120 samples by colorimetric test: 32 MDMA, 25 ketamine, 10 amphetamine, 11 cocaine, 8 heroin, and 4 LSD samples. The results were inconclusive for 29 samples. The GS/MS analysis confirmed MDMA in 84%, ketamine in 78%, amphetamine in 91%, cocaine in 92%, heroin in 88%, and LSD in 100% of the samples. The results of samples with inconclusive results were as follows: 2, MDMA; 7, ketamine; 2, amphetamine; 2, cocaine; 2, heroin; 2, mephedrone; 6, mixes; 1, debris; and 5, adulterants as the main component. Twenty-one of 29 participants reported that they had no intention of consuming the unidentified substance.Discussion: The high percentage of individuals who claimed no intention of consuming the unidentified drugs indicates that drug checking is viable as a part of drug harm-reduction strategies. Overall, colorimetric reagents showed a good performance with regard to samples being unadulterated (LSD) or minimal in quantity, but failed to identify mixtures of substances and the adulterants present in them. Therefore, the use of more discriminatory on-site methods such as Raman or infrared spectrometry is strongly recommended.

Guidelines to Improve Public Service Administration for Thailand Reform: Reflections from the Northeast

This research is based on a synthesis from a reconciliation forum for the country’s reform in Khon Kaen province, northeast Thailand. The purpose of the study is to identify conflicts and development issues in the area; investigate the need for reform in various sectors at both local and national levels, and explore alternatives or guidelines to improve public service administration for the country's reform. Data was collected using qualitative research tools including focus group, dialogue, and open-ended questionnaires. The target groups consisting of 3,200 people who is living in Khon Kaen province and other 204 professionals consisting of 61 representatives from the government sector, 39 from the private sector, 33 from education sector, 22 from in the political sector and 49 from civil society sector. The results revealed that in order to diminish conflicts, reconciliation must occur at both the community and the national level. In addition, many aspects of public service administration and public policy must also be reformed; especially those involved in politics and political institutions, ethical standards of politicians and government officials, Criminal Justice System and administration, systematic corruption, education system, economic structure and income distribution; information and data management, as well as other issues stem from inequality in the society.

Velhos problemas e Novas questões: A pandemia do Coronavirus e a segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil

O professor Belik na entrevista concedida à revista SER Social volta sua atenção para os temas do abastecimento alimentar e a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil. Em meio aos efeitos da pandemia do covid19, Belik comenta aspectos importantes das políticas publicas e da falta delas no campo da produção de alimentos, comercialização e acesso das pessoas à comida. Ao destacar os riscos do aprofundamento das condições de insegurança alimentar ante ao avanço da pobreza que se radicalizou bem antes dos efeitos da pandemia, Numa linguagem clara e desafetada a entrevista convida cada qual a enfrentar o desafio do quê fazer.

РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕМІСІЇ ТА ОБІГУ КОРПОРАТИВНИХ ОБЛІГАЦІЙ У СХІДНОЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇНАХ

The formation and development of the corporate bond market is influenced by global regulatory reform and other government policy initiatives that affect all financial markets. Political, legislative, regulatory and fiscal changes must be well adapted to support the viability of corporate bond markets (both domestic and international). Financial market policy in general should not slow down bond markets, but should ensure optimal interaction between investors and issuers. Historical examples show how regulation, legislation, and other aspects of public policy can stimulate or slow down corporate bond markets. Currently, access to bond markets is limited for most companies due to the high cost of issuance, but the corporate bond market continues to expand. Regulation of the corporate bond market is a key factor that determines the possibility of attracting financial resources through this debt instrument from domestic and foreign investors. In this respect, it is important to pay attention not only to the issue of specific new regulatory and policy initiatives, but also to a careful review of the overall legal and regulatory framework. The purpose of the article is to systematize and analyze the legal framework for the issuance and circulation of corporate bonds in Eastern Europe. The article lists the main transactions in corporate bonds during their life cycle. The difference between the concepts of "corporate bond issue" and "corporate bond circulation" is substantiated. An analysis of the specifics of corporate bond regulation on the example of Ukraine, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary and Croatia is carried out. The list of the basic laws of the countries of Eastern Europe regulating issue and circulation of corporate bonds is given. The common and distinctive features in the reporting and methods of information disclosure by corporate bond issuers in Ukraine and other Eastern European countries are analyzed. The structure of the corporate bond issue prospectus is determined. The main innovations in the Ukrainian legislation on the regulation of the issue and circulation of corporate bonds are analyzed.

Hagia Sophia at ICSID? The Limits of Sovereign Discretion

The paper focuses on an underdeveloped area of jurisprudence in international economic law, that of the remit of sovereign discretion on cultural and religious grounds when it intersects with investor protections under international law. An investigation on the limits of sovereign discretion on issues of religion and culture is the next frontier in debates on investor state dispute settlement. While issues of expropriation, the meaning of fair and equitable treatment, exclusions from protection based on public policy, or on grounds of national security, have been thoroughly examined by international investment tribunals; this aspect of public policy that relates to culture and religion leaves many key issues unexplored. The paper explores options in investment arbitration for foreign investors affected by changes brought about by sovereign decisions based on religious and cultural grounds, shedding light in this politically and emotionally charged corner of international economic law. The paper initiates this discussion by investigating the possibility that the Switzerland-Turkey BIT of 1988 may offer bases for compensation to SICPA, the -till recently- operator of the Hagia Sophia museum in Istanbul, a world heritage site of global religious and cultural significance transformed again into an operational place of worship in 2020.

The Blunt Reality of Cannabis Advertising: State-by-State Restrictions &amp;amp; the TCPA

In today’s world, individuals are surrounded by marketing and advertisements. The alcohol and tobacco industries have long faced advertising restrictions, and now cannabis businesses are beginning to see similar restrictions. Unlike other industries, cannabis is still illegal under federal law which creates confusing restrictions for companies who are located in states where medical or adult-use cannabis is legal. This split in ideology between the federal and state governments, along with the confusing state regulations written more for policymakers than industry workers, has set a crash course for cannabis. This paper will examine several marketing areas where the cannabis industry is currently facing strict regulations, such as billboards, social media, and text messaging, as well as the public policy aspects that have influenced the rules on cannabis advertisements. The paper also focuses on the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) and the current rise of class actions associated with text-message marketing in the cannabis industry. The primary goal of this article is to discuss the current regulations for cannabis advertising and why these regulations are hurting the growing cannabis industry.

Household air pollution related to biomass cook stove emissions and its interaction with improved cookstoves.

IntroductionHousehold air pollution (HAP) is associated with significant global morbidity and mortality. Newer initiatives including improved cookstove (IC) and cleaner fuels are being implemented to improve HAP effects.MethodsA literature review was conducted for household air pollution related to biomass cookstoves in resource limited countries. In January 2018, we electronically searched the PubMed database for the term cookstoves with no date restrictions. We included cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies, conference abstracts, editorials, and reviews; studies that assessed the emissions related to cookstove and factors affecting HAP emissions.ResultsTwenty-three articles met the objectives of the review. Fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are the major HAP emissions. Emission factors are based on the stove and fuel used while the activity is based on cooking practices. Changes in composition and sources of PM2.5 causes modification to its resulting toxicity. Many PAHs and their metabolites released by HAP have carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic potential. Improving ventilation decreases concentrations of PM2.5 and CO in the household air. Few standard tools are available to measure ventilation and continued IC efficacy in long term.ConclusionUnavailability of tools to measure ventilation and continued IC efficacy in long term affect uniformity and comparability of IC study results. Community education about the health effects of HAP and importance of ventilation in decreasing HAP is an important aspect of public health policy to prevent HAP effects.

La necessitat de la integralitat en les polítiques públiques d'immigració

&lt;p&gt;Aquest article pretén analitzar el que considerem que és un dels aspectes rellevants de les polítiques públiques orientades a la integració de les persones immigrades: com aconseguir que les polítiques d’immigració siguin una política pública integral en el si de les administracions públiques. És a dir, que no depenguin d’una única unitat administrativa, sinó que cadascun dels departaments i àrees l’assumeixin com una realitat que els és pròpia i que, al mateix temps, es dissenyin estructures organitzatives, participatives i d’intervenció que assegurin el desenvolupament d’una estratègia única, coordinada i compartida. Aquesta qüestió no és menor i en bona mesura denota la mirada que tenim sobre el fenomen migratori: si pensem la immigració i les persones immigrades des de l’estereotip de la pobresa i l’exclusió, té tot el sentit que plantegem polítiques assistencialistes pensades per a la seva execució des dels serveis socials; si les pensem des de la seva complexitat (pensem, per exemple, que implica totes les dimensions de les persones que d’una manera o altra participen del fenomen), entendrem que precisen d’un abordatge integral, global, multidisciplinar. En la mesura que estem convençuts que el que és necessari és aquest segon abordatge, plantejarem la necessitat de desenvolupar estratègies de gestió i implementació de polítiques d’immigració integrals i que afavoreixin que les persones immigrades puguin superar les desigualtats que els afecten en múltiples dimensions. També explicarem quins són alguns dels obstacles a superar més habituals i apuntarem algunes recomanacions que permetin superar-los. Finalment, presentarem un parell de casos que exemplifiquen bones pràctiques en el desenvolupament de polítiques públiques integrals.&lt;/p&gt;

Public policies and housing vulnerabilities in face of the COVID-19 pandemic

In the history of mankind there have been episodes marked by the spread of diseases, victimizing populations on a global scale. Despite the advancement of time and technologies, situations of uncertainty and insecurity are repeated, problems of management and control of the pandemic situation, associated with the race to search for its causes and to obtain its cure. The pandemic may end, but the vulnerability and health, well-being and housing problems will persist if there are no advances in governance and management of public and of sectors policies, involving the management of services and urban infrastructure. Added to this is the delay in carrying out national plans, projects and programs, as well as the international agreements established to promote quality of life. The aim of the present study is to analyze aspects of public policies, socioeconomic and housing vulnerabilities considering the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, by means of a qualitative research of exploratory character.