Private Aspects Research Articles

Attachment to Conventional Institutions and Adolescent Rapid Repeat Pregnancy: A Longitudinal National Study Among Adolescents in the United States.

Introduction There is limited research on rapid repeat pregnancies (RRP) among adolescents, especially using nationally representative samples. We examine distal factors-school, family, peers, and public/private religious ties-and their associations with RRP among adolescent mothers. Methods Guided by social development theory, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, to examine associations between RRP and attachment to school, family, peers, and religion among 1158 female respondents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) who reported at least one live birth before age 20. Results Attachments to conventional institutions were associated with lower likelihood of RRP. Adolescent mothers who had a stronger relationship with their parents had reduced odds of RRP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.83, 95% CI 0.71-0.99). Increased odds of RRP were associated with anticipating fewer negative social consequences of sex (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.35), never praying (versus praying daily; aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10-1.96), and never participating in church-related youth activities (versus participating once a week; 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07). Discussion After an adolescent birth, social support from family, peers, and the community can benefit young mothers. Private aspects of religiosity may be especially important. Understanding the processes by which these distal factors are linked to the likelihood of RRP is needed to create multifaceted intervention programs that provide diverse methods of support customized to specific circumstances of adolescent mothers.

APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF PIERCING THE CORPORATE VEIL IN MECHANISMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION

The article is dedicated to the application of the concept of piercing the corporate veil in mechanisms of human rights protection. Author points out that convergence of public and private aspects of international law influence the level of implementation of concepts, which previously has been applied only to international private law, international commercial law and on national legal levels. The level of convergence has led to the application of the concept of piercing the corporate veil (which originally applied only to international investment disputes) in practice of international courts and quasi-courts of human rights. However, the application of the concept within the framework of the mechanisms for the protection of human rights is very limited and complicated due to the lack of implementation of the concept at international level and absence in every national legal system.

Psychosocial Aspects of Sexuality With Aging

Sexual intimacy may be the most private aspect of life, a topic commonly avoided between sex partners or even between a patient and his or her medical professional. Most of the time, sex is an interpersonal experience, occurring within a couple. The physical, emotional, and relationship challenges that often accompany the aging process may add complexity to one's sexual experience and expression. This article explores some potential interpersonal variables that can impact sexual satisfaction and function with age. As the numbers of seniors continue to rise, health practitioners will be increasingly called upon to assist these patients with their sexual concerns.

The 21st-century public servant: working at three boundaries of public and private

In a project on the roles and skills of the 21st-century public servant, interviews with public service workers highlighted three boundaries of public and private: relating to ethics, careers and identities. Two contingent factors shape the capacity of staff to be able to reconcile the public and private aspects of their work: the degree of fiscal austerity and the scope for reflective practice. Strategic workforce planning needs to support staff to manage the different versions of public and private.

Some Macroeconomic Implications of Privatisation

Privatization has been a key element of structural reform in many developing and transition economies during the last decade. Governments undertaking privatization have pursued a variety of objectives: increasing economic efficiency, enhancing competition etc. In addition, liquidity-constrained governments facing fiscal pressures have sometimes privatized with a view to financing fiscal deficits with the proceeds.There exists a large literature on the microeconomic aspects of privatization that has emphasized the potential efficiency gains. However, there has been less work done on the fiscal and macroeconomic impact of privatization. This paper reviews fiscal and macroeconomic issues in the privatization of public enterprises with a special focus on India. The fiscal effect arising out of use of privatization proceeds is a direct effect. However, there exists indirect implication of privatization such as, impact on employment, impact of effectiveness of monetary policy transmission etc. This paper aims to study the literature on these macroeconomic implications of privatization.This paper is divided into four sections. The first section comprises of the theoretical arguments, issues and literature review pertaining to the fiscal impact of privatization. This is followed by a comparative assessment of actual privatization proceeds in Indian case versus the baseline scenario offered by Kelkar Task Force. The second section is about the monetary policy transmission and whether the same gets affected by the factor of ownership in Indian banks. The third section captures the labour market effects of privatization with a special focus on India. The last section provides scope for future research and the conclusion.

SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS AND INTERNALIZING PROBLEMS IN ADOLESCENCE: MODERATING EFFECT OF FAMILY VARIABLES

The aim of the present research was to investigate the moderating role of family variables in the relationship between self-consciousness and internalizing problems in adolescent boys and girls, and thereby to broaden knowledge about cognitive/social factors interaction in explaining the development and progression of adolescent maladjustment.Self-Consciousness and MaladjustmentSelf-consciousness has been defined as a consistent tendency of persons to direct attention at self-relevant information (Fennigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975; Ingram, 1990). People can be attentive to their inner states, such as emotions, thoughts, personality traits, goals, preferences, perceptions and so forth, or to their behavior - to what one is doing and what one is like (Morin, 2011). Focusing inward and evaluating emotions or perception without reference to others is the private dimension of self-consciousness and focusing outward and evaluating one's behavior, appearance and actions while taking into account the social context is the public dimension of self-consciousness (Mor & Winquist, 2002).Self-consciousness is a cognitive variable that has been extensively discussed as an important contributor to diverse psychopathological states and maladjustment. Over the past two decades researchers demonstrated positive relations between heightened self-consciousness and anxiety, depression and lower self-esteem (Nystedt & Ljungberg, 2002) and loneliness (Schmitt & Kurdek, 1985) in adult population. Results suggest that the tendency to focus on public aspects of the self is associated with neuroticism (Scandell, 1998), social anxiety (Mor & Winquist, 2002) and rejection sensitivity (Fenigstein, 1979), while private self-consciousness is related to problems such as social withdrawal, generalized anxiety and depression (Mor & Winquist, 2002). These research findings of different correlates for private and public self-consciousness and results of extensive meta-analysis (Mor & Winquist, 2002) have supported the distinction between these two subtypes of self-consciousness.Self-Consciousness and Maladjustment in AdolescenceLess empirical attention has been devoted to the association between the self-consciousness dimensions and maladjustment in adolescents. Pludeman (2009) demonstrated positive relationship between selfconsciousness and the degree of adolescent alcohol use. Lewinsohn et al. (1998, 1997, 1994) in three subsequent studies tested psychosocial variables hypothesized to be associated with depression and anxiety in adolescents. The results suggested that formerly depressed and anxious adolescents, in contrast to never depressed and anxious adolescents, showed higher level of self-consciousness. The relationship between private and public self-consciousness and internalizing problems was determined in the study of Bowker and Rubin (2009). Significant associations between both types of selfconsciousness and withdrawn behavior, anxiety, depression and rejection sensitivity were revealed. However, most of the significant correlations between the public self and internalizing problems disappeared after controlling for private self-consciousness. Also, different patterns of relationships in adolescent boys and girls were revealed. Public selfconsciousness was associated with rejection sensitivity in boys, and with anxiety/depression in girls. Private self-consciousness was related to all internalizing problems in girls, but not in boys.Together, past research findings have demonstrated the importance of self-consciousness as cognitive vulnerability for various maladjustment outcomes, which is not limited to adult population, but appears also in adolescence. In addition, the relationship between self-consciousness and internalizing problems seems to be stronger for adolescent girls compared to boys (Mor & Winquist, 2002). This is because girls are more self-focused, both on private and public aspects of the self (Rankin, Lane, Gibbons, & Gerrard, 2004). …

ПРИВАТИЗАЦИЯ В УКРАИНЕ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА

The purpose is the study of aspects of privatization in Ukraine in the context of the partnership between the public and private sectors of the economy, problems and assessment of privatization process effectiveness, steps and error analysis when selecting privatization models, and special aspects of programs implementation considering the existing socio-economic and political factors in Ukraine. Methodology. The study is based on the relevant scientific and regulatory and legal framework of public sources with due account for the current state of affairs and recent theoretical developments in this field. Results showed that the current analysis of privatization process practice in Ukraine highlights the existence of its vulnerability factors that, on the one hand, are caused by the legislation imperfection and, on the other hand, by lack of efficiency of public administration and control mechanisms in this field. Practical implications. Privatization is one of the key elements of the national economy development and market reforms implementation. Its further implementation into the market economy development in Ukraine should be based on the gained experience and the obtained results. Value/originality. After analysis of the most popular privatization methods in other countries, examining the tasks, specifics and methods of privatization in Ukraine at its different stages, the author came to the conclusion that a number of important factors should be taken into account in order to avoid or minimize certain negative effects of privatization. The study revealed systemic contradictions in the process of privatization in Ukraine, including the spontaneity and inconsistency in shaping the goals and approaches. Moreover, the main goal of privatization, which is creating conditions for increasing the production efficiency, has not been achieved, and the expected intensification of the investment activity has not taken place as expected in the study. At the same time, the transition of state enterprises to private ones has failed to lead to their economic status improvement, and the principle of social justice has failed to be fully implemented during the state property redistribution process. The analyzed data shows that inefficiency of privatization in Ukraine is caused by the selected model. Ukrainian model of raising private capital for the economy development by privatization has too many flaws, which does not allow achieving the main objectives declared, resulting in a national commodity producer failing to meet the needs of the domestic market and to be competitive in the world market. In its turn, Ukraine desperately needs reforming ownership economic affairs in the condition of the economic crisis. The author offers practical steps for changing the privatization model and adheres to the position that transferring assets within the framework of public-private partnership could become the model of privatization processes for Ukraine that would allow combining the interests of society, government bodies and private sector, as well as increasing efficiency of the economy development strategy of Ukraine.

Extending Auditing Models to Correspond with Clients’ Needs in Cloud Environments

The user control over the life cycle of data is of an extreme importance in clouds in order to determine whether the service provider adheres to the client’s pre-specified needs in the contract between them or not, significant clients concerns raise on some aspects like social, location and the laws to which the data are subject to. The problem is even magnified more with the lack of transparency by Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). Auditing and compliance enforcement introduce different set of challenges in cloud computing that are not yet resolved. In this paper, a conducted questionnaire showed that the data owners have real concerns about not just the secrecy and integrity of their data in cloud environment, but also for spatial, temporal, and legal issues related to their data especially for sensitive or personal data. The questionnaire results show the importance for the data owners to address mainly three major issues: Their ability to continue the work, the secrecy and integrity of their data, and the spatial, legal, temporal constraints related to their data. Although a good volume of work was dedicated for auditing in the literature, only little work was dedicated to the fulfillment of the contractual obligations of the CSPs. The paper contributes to knowledge by proposing an extension to the auditing models to include the fulfillment of contractual obligations aspects beside the important aspects of secrecy and integrity of client’s data.

Public Goods, Market Failure, and Voluntary Exchange

The core of public economics traditionally addresses two situations of market failure: externalities and public goods. While externalities fit neatly into neoclassical economics, public goods proved substantially more difficult to pin down. An interesting thread in the story of public goods relates to the application of voluntary exchange theory—the idea that the revenue-expenditure process should be determined by the same fundamental laws and procedures that govern market prices in the private aspects of the economy. Driven by the changing political landscape of Europe and greater demand for responsive government, voluntary exchange theory emerged in the 1880s as a competitor to models that represented government as a monolithic decision maker. That voluntary exchange has faded out of the public finance literature belies the role it served launching the public goods debate of the 1950s. In this article, voluntary exchange is used as a vehicle to examine positions taken on the market failure engendered by public goods. What we see is that the discussion was less about the mechanics of voluntary exchange theory or solutions to public goods problems than it was about beliefs regarding the economic role of government and how to delineate the appropriate boundaries of public economics inquiry. This in turn was stimulated by the larger background context of the period, particularly the nexus of free markets and democracy.

Privatización y reestructuración de la industria de equipos ferroviarios en México (1993-2012): el caso de Concarril-Bombardier

This work consists of two parts. At first, some aspects of privatization of railway equipment industry that have been overlooked by discourseand neoliberal politics are analyzed. Against the dominant conception, that pointing to the financial deterioration, productive inefficiency and low competitiveness in the market as the main causes of the privatization of public enterprises in Mexico, in this article, the author finds that the purchase of the state-owned railway equipment industry by foreign private capital was strongly motivated by the achievements in technological development of public enterprises and its strategic position in the market. Privatization, in this case, it was not just the rescue of an industry in crisis, actually meant the transfer to private capitalof the profitable public assets and the control of the highly lucrative market segments. In the second part of this article the restructuring of this industry under the guidelines set by the entry of multinational companies are analyzed. It is observed that after a period of partial deindustrialization, currently the organization of production and work in this industry rests on mechanisms that allow large companies to transfer with relative ease the costs of the crisis on the working class and the set of suppliers and highly specialized local subcontractors, who survive in the shadow of a latent industrialization based on the ability of reconfiguration of functions and relocation of assets that today have foreign enterprises in this industry.

Micro­microcelebrity: Branding Babies on the Internet

Micro­microcelebrity: Branding Babies on the Internet

Modes of engagement of immigrants with their home societies: types and measurements of engagement

ABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to review how transnational engagement has been traditionally measured and then offer a proposal for measurements corresponding to how immigrants perceive their transnational practices. Based on the traditional conceptual model of immigrant transnationalism, a system of indicators was developed in accordance with a broad and integral view of the connection with their home societies. This system of indicators was applied to an Andean sample population residing in the Basque Country, Spain, and analysed using factor analysis to produce an empirical model of engagement from the traditional conceptual one. Results show the importance of the private aspect of the relationships with origin and the existence of a continuum in the immigrant connection with their home countries that ranges from the personal to the community. Moreover, two types of intensity of this connection stand out: the first suggests a mere interest in the place of origin while the second implies an active connection with their home countries, both personal and community based.

Mehubarot : A Peep without a Show

The Israeli television series Mehubarot (Connected, 2009) follows five Israeli women who use their performance before the camera—through both visual and spoken texts—as a means of biographical representation which blends public and private aspects of their daily lives. This article examines the use of spoken language as a central tool for signaling sincerity and closeness on the series’ visual stage, focusing on the unique setting of Israeli society and the exclusive genre of a televised diary in its written and spoken modes.

Unfolding the meaning of public(s) in universities: toward the transformative university

Drawing upon perspectives from diverse disciplines, this paper critically examines some taken-for-granted definitions about what is understood by ‘public’ and its relation to universities. It highlights the need to uncover assumptions and value orientations that are at the basis of these definitions and that tend to guide both conceptualizations and practices about the public role of the universities. It is argued that under neoliberal regimes, the public university takes on private aspects and the private university may even take on public aspects: Universities are here characteristically becoming hybrids. Despite these overlapping patterns, absences are discerned both in the idea and in the practices of public universities. The idea of the transformative university is proposed to help to remedy these deficiencies.

Privatisation Process in Kosovo

This paper aims at analysing activities of the privatisation process in Kosovo, seeing that privatisation is treated as a fundamental factor of overall transformation of the whole society.It may be established that the primary aim of privatisation process is increasing economic efficiency, reflection of the current state and directions of development in general. Privatisation as a process has as primary aim of opening new areas of freedom, economic efficiency and individualism.Key aim of privatisation process in Kosovo must be increase of economic efficiency, preservation of the healthy economic potential created up to date, and ensuring of the long term concept, which enables growth and macroeconomic stability. The policy of privatisation should give a response related to strategic aspects of privatisation of these sectors: of models, procedures, potential investors, technological modernisation and overtaking of social barriers.Process of privatisation and transition which has now covered countries of the Eastern and Central Europe, aims at profound economic and political transformation of these countries. To achieve this, it is necessarily required to have some basic preconditions, which are related to incitement of general efficiency of the enterprises, expansion of the capital market, introduction of competition, development of business culture in private property and freedom of entrepreneurship. Impacts of privatisation in economic development of Kosovo take a considerable place compared to other countries, therefore our aim is that through this paper we analyse factors and methods of implementation in this process.

Теоретические принципы разработки стратегии развития национальной логистической системы

Theoretical basis for the Russian national logistics system (NLS) development strategy have been exposed in this paper. An area, methodological principles and approaches, use of which will provide the most adequate solution to this problem, have been defined. Ways for theoretical justification of this approach have been proposed, key definitions have been defined. It has been proved, that it is necessary to use a methodological basis for consideration of the logistics system as a complex system in development, where such development is determined by many factors, both external and internal origin, as well as by interdependence of such system’s structural elements and functions. It has been shown, that this approach cannot be implemented without a clear understanding of difficulties related to such systems managing, the more so this managing should be realized in accordance with a strict plan, which considers all details and private aspects.

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Spanish Golden Age Culture is an age of secrets and secrecy. Among its playwrights, Pedro Calderón de la Barca shows the most complex comprehension of this subject. During the entirety of his career he refers to it in numerous comedies, creates metaphors concerning different aspects of secrecy and employs it for the construction of his comedias de enredo/comedies of intrigue. In summary: Calderón has an ongoing interest in this anthropological phenomenon. The article analyses the motive of secrecy in selected plays, tragic and comic, starting with the San Secreto figure present in different plays, for example in La vida es sueño. After tracing the temporal aspect of secrecy the article ends with some thoughts about the relation between the public and the secret spheres. Calderón reflects this relation in his masterpiece concerning secrecy: El secreto a voces/The loud secret .

Good Readers Get Smart: Reading Orientations in a Second-Grade Classroom

The primary goal of this research is to better understand my students' reading orientations – what they believe it means to be a successful reader. I also seek to identify the relationship between those beliefs and my teaching. The data come primarily from six focal students in my second-grade classroom in an urban public charter elementary school in Oakland, California. Focal students were observed, interviewed, and asked to discuss and rank vignettes of readers with varying reading behaviors, skills, and habits. In addition, I drew on systematic reflections about my own teaching and students. Results showed that focal students shared reading orientations toward aspects of fluency, such as accuracy, and knowledge-level comprehension skills, such as retelling events from a story. Results also showed that students' responses correlated closely with teaching points emphasized both within my classroom and around the school. These results, in combination with data from observations, led me to discover that students' reading orientations may have both public and private aspects. In other words, their stated preferences might differ from their private inclinations. These findings suggest that teachers need to be organized and intentional around the messages that they send to students about successful reading. They also suggest that teachers create environments in which various purposes and reading behaviors are valued.

Caenorhabditis elegans: What We Can and Cannot Learn from Aging Worms.

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a widely used model organism for research into aging. However, nematodes diverged from other animals between 600 and 1300 million years ago. Beyond the intuitive impression that some aspects of aging appear to be universal, is there evidence that insights into the aging process of nematodes may be applicable to humans? There have been a number of results in nematodes that appear to contradict long-held beliefs about mechanisms and causes of aging. For example, ablation of several key antioxidant systems has often failed to result in lifespan shortening in C. elegans. While it is clear that some central signaling pathways controlling lifespan are broadly conserved across large evolutionary distances, it is less clear to what extent downstream molecular mechanisms of aging are conserved. In this review we discuss the biology of C. elegans and mammals in the context of aging and age-dependent diseases. We consider evidence from studies that attempt to investigate basic, possibly conserved mechanisms of aging especially in the context of the free radical theory of aging. Practical points, such as the need for blinding of lifespan studies and for appropriate biomarkers, are also considered. As data on the aging process(es) in different organisms increase, it is becoming increasingly clear that there are both conserved (public) and private aspects to aging. It is important to explore the dividing lines between these two aspects and to be aware of the large gray areas in-between.

‘It's just taking our souls back’: discourses of apartheid and race

:Although apartheid officially ended in 1994, the issue of race as a primary identity marker has continued to permeate many aspects of private and public life in post-apartheid South Africa. This paper seeks to understand how youth at two South African tertiary institutions position themselves in relation to race and the apartheid past. Our data include four focus group interviews from two universities, one which can be described as historically ‘black’ and the other as histor- ically ‘white’. Given the complex nature of the data, we elected to use a combination of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis as our methodological approach. We explore how words such as black, white, coloured, they, we, us and them feature in the interviews. Our analysis shows that the positioning by the interviewees reflects a complexity and ambivalence that is at times contradictory although several broader discourse patterns can be distilled. In particular, we argue, that all groups employ a range of discursive strategies so as to resist being positioned in the historical positions of ‘victim’ and ‘perpetrator’. Our paper reflects on these findings as well as what they offer us as we attempt to chart new discourses of the future.