Private Aspects Research Articles

TULA ARMS FACTORY WORKERS TECHNICAL TRAINING ON A PART-TIME BASIS IN THE 1920S

The article, using the historical experience of Tula Arms Factory as an example, examines the problem of training workers on the job in the 1920s, insuffi ciently covered in historical science. Based on a review of a signifi cant amount of archival sources, a detailed description of various forms of technical training at the enterprise is given, supported by statistical data. The dependence of the activities of the plant management on training workers on specifi c production needs is noted. The author also pays attention to the problems of material, technical, personnel and organisational order, which reduced the quality of training. It was noted that due to staff turnover in the fi rst years of its existence, technical studies and advanced training were inextricably linked with the training of new employees. As a result, it is concluded that the technical education network at Tula Arms Factory had been successfully established by the end of the specifi ed period, the main channels of which included advanced training circles, vocational courses, individual and brigade apprenticeships. This provision is confi rmed by consideration of the private aspects of the training process, by identifying the role of graduates in the recruitment of the Tula Arms Factory by skilled workers. The materials of this study are intended to supplement the picture of the positive experience of training personnel for the Russian arms factories

Responsibility of the social network as a distributor of commercial advertising

The article examines the limits of state participation and the impact of legal regulation on the development of the Internet in general and social networks in particular. An attempt is made to determine the nature and extent of regulation of the dissemination of information through social networks, as well as the feasibility of control over cyberspace by the state. An analysis of existing legal norms on the regulation of advertising on the Internet, taking into account the peculiarities of advertising on social networks. It is established that today Internet advertising, including advertising on social networks, has become the most popular and effective way to convey information about goods or services to their potential consumers. Recent developments related to the introduction of quarantine measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to an even greater intensification of e-commerce and the transition of traditional online business. As a result, the volume of advertising campaigns on social networks has grown significantly, and advertising itself has become more aggressive. It is noted that among the main general theoretical issues in the study of legal regulation of the global information system it is necessary to highlight the problems of jurisdiction of networks, as well as the legal personality of persons who provide, distribute and consume information in such networks. At the same time, no country in the world has comprehensive (codified) legislation that would regulate relations on the Internet. Existing regulations regulate only private aspects of network operation. Currently, each social network is governed solely by its own established rules. It is concluded that the legal norms governing traditional advertising are ineffective in advertising on networks. We believe that the interests of the state in the research area should be limited, first of all, to creating conditions for the harmonious development of information infrastructure, realization of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen in obtaining and using information, unconditional law and order, development of equal and mutually beneficial international cooperation.

The Meaning of Public Happiness in Moral Education

본 연구의 목적은 공적 행복의 의미를 고찰하고 공적 행복이 도덕교육에 주는 시사점을 탐구하는 것이다. 현 시대는 행복 추구의 시대라고 말할 정도로 개인의 사적 행복이 강조되고 있다. 행복의 의미를 개인의 심리적이고 사적인 측면으로만 이해하고 행복의 공적 측면을 무시하게 될 때, 사회 전체의 공적인 문제는 사람들의 관심 영역으로부터 벗어나게 될 것이다. 아렌트에게는 공적 행복을 경험하지 못하면, 행복에 이르지 못하도록 하는 것은 물론이고 자신의 정체성에도 문제가 있을 수 있다. 본 연구는 아렌트의 공적 행복의 개념에 기초를 두고 있기는 하지만, 더 나아가서, 공적 행복의 개념을 파악하기 위해서 공적 영역, 함께 참여함, 공적 감정, 공공선과 같은 4가지 요소들을 다루었다. 또한 공적 행복이 도덕교육에 주는 시사점을 탐구하기 위해서 공적 행복을 경험하는 장으로서 학교의 역할과 공적 공간을 창조하는 과정에서 자신과 함께 살고 타인과 협력하며 사는 공적 존재로서의 도덕적 인간, 정의적인 측면을 고려한 공적 참여를 다루었다.The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning of public happiness and the implication of its happiness in moral education. The importance of private happiness of individual is being emphasized like the era of the pursuit of happiness. When we make light of the public happiness and understand it in psychological, private aspects of individual, we do not have the concern about public matters of society. For Arendt, if we do not experience the public happiness, we have the difficulty of identity as well as pursuit of happiness. My idea is based on the view of public happiness of Arendt but I tried to search the meaning of public happiness with 4 components(public sphere, participating together, public feelings, public good) to understand the concept of public happiness. Also, I suggested the school for the experience of public happiness, the moral public being living with oneself and living in concert with others in creating public space together, and the affective aspects of public participation for the implication of public happiness in moral education.

Kierunki zmian w prawie o bezpieczeństwie morskim

The article tackles the issue of amendments to Polish maritime safety law which has been amended a number of times since it came to life several years ago. The last amendments of 2015 have been the most profound and complex. Today, maritime safety is given much more importance than several dozen years ago. The public and private aspects of maritime safety became the focus of attention rather recently but are now a branch of law that is developing the most dynamically. As has been shown in the paper, although private maritime law was already known in the Ancient Times, public-private law regulations were adopted only after the sinking of the Titanic in 1912. Still, it is not the private but the public aspects of maritime safety law which constitutes the major challenge. The abundance of international and European legislation ought to prompt the Polish legislator to consider a possible adoption of one comprehensive maritime safety act which would approach the whole matter in question in a systematic manner. The deliberations presented in the paper sum up the amendments to maritime safety law made so far. They are also an attempt to analyse the new legal order more deeply, and propose some more general de lege ferenda conclusions. The analysis is set in a wider context, taking into account the amendments introduced to international and EU regulations.

THE LATEST LAYARD ARCHIVE: NEW DOCUMENTS FROM NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY

This article provides the first detailed overview of an archive that once belonged to Austen Henry Layard and his family. The collection, deposited in the Special Collections and Archives at Newcastle University, consists of handwritten letters, a dozen books, hundreds of folios, photos, maps, and various other objects: all this material is still unpublished. The archive is particularly interesting due to its nature: it was kept and bequeathed for generations as a family assemblage, and it includes materials that help to better understand several data contained in Layard's publications, his excavations in the ancient Assyrian capitals and his commitment to the dissemination of the knowledge of Assyrian culture. The archive also sheds light on previously unknown private aspects of Layard's wife, Enid Guest, and offers a wealth of information on the cultural legacy left by Layard within his own family, among his descendants.

The invisible paradox of inflammatory bowel disease: An analysis of men's blogs.

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with stigmatising symptoms. Online support platforms eschew stigma, thus may appeal more to men who avoid traditional forms of health support. Using a critical realist netnographic approach and inductive thematic analysis, this study examined six blogs written by UK-based men to explore how inflammatory bowel disease was narrated. Three subthemes and one overarching theme - The (in)visible paradox of IBD - were developed. Findings suggest private aspects of inflammatory bowel disease risk experiential erasure, whereas public aspects lack control. Blogging facilitates the regaining of control, leading to important support connections and a re-imagining of the male inflammatory bowel disease body.

The Politician’s Child: Growing Up in the Public Eye of Modern Britain, c. 1970–2000s

“The Politician’s Child” investigates childhoods lived in the public eye of modern British politics, c. 1970s–2000s. It engages with diaries, memoirs, autobiographies, biographies, and newspaper interviews in which former politicians revealed private aspects of their children’s lives in return for a publishing advance on leaving public office. The educational, social, and medical problems that political parents create for their offspring have often been neglected in histories of the family and political life. These are essential to study since they reveal a complex matrix of social and political worlds, which contrast with the public histories of the family that politicians pen.

Legal Regulation Of Private Law Aspects Of Water Use By Owners And Users Of Neighboring Land

The article is devoted to some questions of the legal legal regulation of neighborhood relations related to the use of water to meet the needs of owners and users of neighboring land. The regulation of this relationship has historically been an inseparable part of neighbour law. Regulations of this kind were contained in many historically significant Ukrainian legal documents (in particular, various editions of the Lithuanian Statutes, the Rights of the Little Russian People (1743), and others). Currently, the regulation of the use of water resources mainly comes under the sphere of public law. Consequently, the current Land Code of Ukraine does not contain regulations of this kind. Nevertheless, a study of international legislation and regulation policies on neighbourly relations emphasizes the necessity to legislate on the private aspects of neighbourly water use. In particular, such provisions include the laws of the Republic of Moldova, Georgia, Republic of Azerbaijan and some other post-soviet states. The findings of the study has made it possible to formulate the proposals aimed at improving the current legislation on this issue. They are based on a general rule forbidding to alter the natural movement (flow) of water, if it violates the rights and legitimate interests of owners or land users of neighboring land. The artificial movement (flow) of water, caused by the activity of land owners or land users, is proposed to regulate by contract by establishing land easements (discharge of water to a neighboring land plot, their redistribution between neighbors, etc.).
 Regulating water-related relationships to meet the needs of owners or land users of neighboring land has historically been an integral part of «neighborhood law». Nowadays, the legal regulation of the relationship regarding the use of water resources has shifted to the sphere of public legal regulation. Nevertheless, the study of the laws of foreign countries and the practice of regulating good neighborly relations indicate the need for legal regulation of private aspects of neighborhood water use. They are mainly related to the prohibition of altering the natural movement of water if it violates the rights and legitimate interests of owners and owners of neighboring properties.

Training and evaluation of professors of dentistry in postgraduate programmes in Brazil.

In Brazil, the undergraduate dental education still remains fragmented and dissociated from its social context, with emphasis on the individualistic and private aspects of dental health. This study aimed to analyze the training and development of university professors of dentistry in stricto sensu postgraduate programs in Brazil. Delphi electronic methodology was used within a qualitative-quantitative design to gather data from a panel of 58 experts. Discussions representing the analytic axis focused on: (i) the evaluative processes of higher education, in particular stricto sensu postgraduate programs, and their influence on academic activities in undergraduate dentistry courses and (ii) policies for training and developing university professors. Of the experts, 30 participated in the first round, 24 in the second, and 19 in the third. They considered the training of university professors in dentistry to be highly specialized and technologically focused and indicated the review of political-pedagogic aspects of the educational sphere, as well as the social, economic, cultural, epidemiologic, and professional aspects of training and preparation prescribed by the National Curricular Guides for graduate courses in dentistry. An adequate process of evaluating the official organs and regulators of postgraduate stricto sensu programs, as well the programs themselves, should be implemented. The experts stated that changes to the university teaching system are necessary, even in the field of dentistry. Mechanisms for evaluating areas and professors were inadequate, and the training was overly specialized and not consistent with the social reality of the country.

Unmasking the Right of Publicity

In the landmark 1953 case of Haelan Laboratories v. Topps Chewing Gum, Judge Jerome Frank first articulated the modern right of publicity—a transferable intellectual property right. The right has since been seen to protect the commercial value of one’s “persona”—the Latin-derived word meaning the mask of an actor. Among other frequent criticisms, the right of publicity is accused of lacking a coherent justification, permitting only economic redress against public harms to the persona, and stripping away individual identity by allowing for a proprietary right in one’s personality. Why might Judge Frank have been motivated to fashion a transferable right in the monetary value of one’s public persona distinct from the psychic harm to feelings, emotions, and dignity rooted in the individual and protected under the rubric of privacy? Judge Frank was a leading figure in the American legal realist movement known for his unique and controversial “psychoanalysis of certain legal positions” through influential books including Law and the Modern Mind and Courts on Trial. His work drew heavily on the ideas of psychoanalytic thinkers, like Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, to describe the distorting effects of unconscious wishes and fantasies on the decision-making process of legal actors and judges. For Judge Frank, the psychoanalytic interplay between public and private aspects of the personality supported his realist interpretation of lawmaking as a subjective and indeterminate activity. Indeed, though Frank provided little rationale for articulating a personality right separate from privacy in Haelan, he had given a tremendous amount of attention to the personality in his scholarly works. This Article suggests that the modern right of publicity’s aim, as perhaps intended by Judge Frank in considering his psychoanalytic jurisprudence, may be usefully understood through the psychoanalytic conception of the personality—one divided into public and private subparts. In the psychoanalytic sense, the term persona, or “false self,” is used to indicate the public face of an individual, i.e., the image one presents to others for social or economic advantage, as contrasted with their feelings, emotions and subjective interpretations of reality anchored in their private shadow, or “true self.” Yet, the law’s continued reliance on this dualistic metaphor of the personality appears misguided, particularly as technology, internet, and new media increasingly blur the traditional distinctions between public and private. The Article thus concludes by examining intersubjective personality theory. Intersubjectivity could provide publicity law with a useful conceptual update given its view of the self and personality as a relational, contextual, and social construct, rather than a public-private dichotomy.

On What Were Oaths Taken in Christian Latin Europe in the High Middle Ages (12th-Early 14th Centuries)?

It is not surprising that oaths were used in all legal systems and in very broadly understood public and social relationships in Christian Latin Europe in the Middle Ages. The oath was commonly presented in various aspects of community life, that is, in political, constitutional, legal, economic, commercial, private, corporation, and religious matters.1 The oath as such and its use can be examined in a great number of contexts. But, in this paper we will solely focus on one of these. The topic discussed here are objects (paraments) on which oaths were taken. Lots of information about this issue is provided by iconography and written sources. These objects were subject to notable changes depending on the time and territory. This article focuses on such territories as England, France, the Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Sweden, Bohemia, Poland, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the period of more than two centuries of the High Middle Ages, from the twelfth to the early fourteenth century.

International legal aspects of privatization in the countries of the world

International legal aspects of privatization in the countries of the world

Wybrane aspekty tajemnicy w postępowaniu z udziałem nieletniego

This article contains an analysis of selected aspects of secrecy in proceedings with the participation of minors. The analysis of selected legal institutions in the context of secrecy – which is the essence of this article – is preceded by an attempt at explaining the notion of secrecy, including professional secrecy, in the context of proceedings with the participation of minors. It would seem that identifying the elements that make up the essence of secrecy should not cause much trouble: everyone has at some point revealed his/her secret to another person or has been entrusted with one. Nevertheless it is not easy to define this concept in a precise and non-arbitrary way. The situation becomes even more complicated when the secret has anything to do with the law, because even though the legislator defines professional secrecy in several statutes, these definitions do not mention the obligation of confidentiality as such, being limited to determining the scope of such obligation. After the analysis of the definition of secrecy, including professional secrecy, beginning with the dictionary definition and ending with the author’s attempt at formulating her own definition of professional secrecy, the remaining part of the article is devoted to selected aspects of secrecy in criminal proceedings with the participation of a minor, that is, closing the hearing with the participation of a minor to the public and opinions of experts about minors in the context of professional secrecy.

Speaking French in Louisiana, 1720–1955: Linguistic Practices of the Catholic Church by Sylvie Dubois, Emilie Gagnet Leumas, and Malcolm Richardson

Reviewed by: Speaking French in Louisiana, 1720–1955: Linguistic Practices of the Catholic Church by Sylvie Dubois, Emilie Gagnet Leumas, and Malcolm Richardson Robin White Speaking French in Louisiana, 1720–1955: Linguistic Practices of the Catholic Church. By Sylvie Dubois, Emilie Gagnet Leumas, and Malcolm Richardson. ( Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2018. Pp. x, 213. $38.00, ISBN 978-0-8071-6844-8.) Speaking French in Louisiana, 1720–1955: Linguistic Practices of the Catholic Church is a sociolinguistic and historical account of the use of the French language in the Catholic Church in south Louisiana from the 1720s to [End Page 664] the 1950s, when the last Catholic parish to keep its records in French switched to English. Perhaps providentially, the catastrophe of Hurricane Katrina was a catalyst for the book, as the storm occasioned the transfer of archives of the Archdiocese of New Orleans to Baton Rouge, thus facilitating the authors' access to the source materials. In the eighteenth century, French was the language and ethnicity of a majority of Catholic people in Louisiana. But from 1803 onward the linguistic trend moved relentlessly away from French in all but the most private aspects of Louisiana life. The church leadership realized that if they did not provide an English-speaking clergy, Protestant denominations might lure Anglophone Catholics into their pews. Indeed, the Irish rapidly became one of the largest Catholic communities in the state, especially in New Orleans. Irish immigrants founded St. Patrick's Church on Camp Street in 1833, more than a decade before the Great Famine of the 1840s that spurred waves of immigration to the United States. The Irish presence resulted in bilingual and eventually in English-speaking churches. In general, large urban parishes turned to English earlier than did small rural parishes. But St. Louis Cathedral, in the heart of New Orleans, remained largely Francophone until 1910. From the book's data-driven analyses, the reader comes away with a clearer understanding of who spoke and wrote French, in what the authors call "a community of practice" spanning two hundred years (p. 13). It strongly appears that the Catholic Church was a factor in keeping French alive and in use in Louisiana. Even though it is not a major focus of the book, the authors note church initiatives in education. In New Orleans, the Ursulines led in education. In the small community of Grand Coteau near Lafayette, the Academy of the Sacred Heart has been teaching the French language since 1821. To the authors' credit, the book does not claim to answer or to pitch macro-sociolinguistic questions and hypotheses about French in Louisiana. Where and when did the shift from French to English definitively happen? What are lexical, grammatical, and phonological features of French and Creole French in Louisiana? Who in the Catholic community was able to read, write, and speak French? The authors respond to the switch to English in a mood of objective acceptance. The prescient last sentence of Speaking French in Louisiana suggests that future studies on language and the Catholic Church in Louisiana will involve Hispanic people and the Spanish language. Although the use of the French language in Louisiana has been studied extensively, this book is the first to look specifically and in depth at the Catholic Church's role. It is thus a pioneering study in the literal sense of the term and a worthy effort that may prepare the way for more scholarly work regarding the French language. Robin White Nicholls State University Copyright © 2019 The Southern Historical Association

Agency in artistry: comments on ‘Art and the individual in African masquerades’

Understanding masquerade performance is a difficult challenge because so many dimensions of expressive culture come together. There are questions of performer ambiguity and secret expertise, the confounding relationships between secular and spiritual, the many aspects of secrecy, and the involvement of higher powers. There is also the basic question of what a performance is supposed to accomplish, and the most fundamental issue of individual identity and agency.

Achieving Pareto-Optimal MI-Based Privacy-Utility Tradeoffs Under Full Data

We study a fine-grained model in which a perturbed version of some data ( $D$ ) is to be disclosed, with the aims of permitting the receiver to accurately infer some useful aspects ( $X=f(D)$ ) of it, while preventing her from inferring other private aspects ( $Y=g(D)$ ). Correlation between the bases for these inferences necessitates compromise between these goals. Determining exactly how the disclosure ( $M$ ) will be probabilistically generated (from $D$ ), somehow trading off between making $I(M;X)$ large and $I(M;Y)$ small, is cast as an algorithmic optimization problem. In 2013, Chakraborty et al. provided optimal solutions for the two extreme points on these objectives’ Pareto frontier: maximizing $I(M;X)$ s.t. $I(M;Y)=0$ (“perfect privacy,” via linear programming (LP)) and minimizing $I(M;Y)$ s.t. $H(X|M)=0$ (“perfect utility,” for which the trivial solution $M=X$ is optimal). We show that when minimizing $I(M;Y)-\beta I(M;X)$ , we can restrict ourselves w.l.o.g. to solutions satisfying several normal-form conditions, which leads to 1) an alternative convex programming formulation when $\beta \in [0,1]$ , which we provide a practical optimal algorithm for, and 2) proof that $M=X$ is actually optimal for all $\beta \geq 1$ . This solves the primary open problem posed by Chakraborty et al. (It also provides a faster solution than Chakraborty et al. 's LP for the “perfect privacy” special case.)

미래지향적인 측면에서 프로골프 선수들에게 시니어 투어(챔피언스 투어)가 주는 의미적 역할 탐색

This study is an exploration of semantic role that senior tour(champions tour) provides to professional golfers viewed in the future-oriented aspect. In order to draw the conclusion according with the direction and purpose, this study leaded to the conclusion as follows, applying Q-method. BR First, as a result of an exploration of semantic role that senior tour(champions tour) provides to professional golfers viewed in the future-oriented aspect, this study found 3 types.BR Second, 3 types were named ‘affirmative consideration concerning the private aspect as a professional type’, ‘affirmative consideration concerning the developmental aspect of professional golf and private aspect of players’, and ‘affirmative stance concerning the aspect in promoting player`s continuous social activity’.BR Third, this study analyzed the common points among 3 types. The statements about affirmative assent were ‘I expect that senior tour(champions tour) will be a new energy to players in planning life after retirement and enhance adaptation to society in the future’, ‘I expect that successful operation of senior tour(champions tour) in the past and continuous efforts, part1, part2, and part3, will be helpful to activation of tour in general’. The statements about negative assent were the tour as a meeting center where players can meet each other and feel comradeship.

The Legal Regulation of Neighbourly Water use in Ukraine: Development Prospects

The article is devoted to some questions of the legal adjusting of neighbourliness relations. Neighbourly water use should be defined as the use of water resources aimed at meeting the needs of owners or tenants of neighbouring land parcels. The regulation of neighbourly water use has historically been an inseparable part of neighbour law. Regulations of this kind were contained in many historically significant Ukrainian legal documents, including “The Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania”. Currently, the regulation of the use of water resources mainly comes under the sphere of public law. Consequently, the current Land Code of Ukraine does not contain regulations of this kind. Nevertheless, a study of international legislation and regulation policies on neighbourly relations emphasizes the necessity to legislate on the private aspects of neighbourly water use. The findings of the study has made it possible to formulate the proposals aimed at improving the current legislation on this issue.

ANALISIS TERHADAP SENGKETA TANAH TERKAIT PENERBITAN SERTIPIKAT HAK GUNA BANGUNAN NOMOR 2849 (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 496/K/TUN/2017)

Agrarian Law is overall legal provisions, both written and unwritten, which all of that have the same set of objectsthat is as legal institutions and as a concrete legal relationship, public and private aspect, which can be arranged and studied systematically. In agrarian section, in order to deal with concrete case, granting of legal security can’t be realized only with the availability of legal instruments. Land registration is required which will result certificate as a strong sign of land title. Lack of awareness in the importance of land registration activities and uncertainty over the grounds of the rights to the land owned.the problem in thiswritting ishow the implementation of Building Rights Title provition number 2849 according to the data from plaintiff and defendant over ground subject are already in accordance with legal provisions? The research method used is normative legal research method that comes from primary, secondary, and supported by interview with related experts, which is analyzed qualitatively. The result is Head of South Jakarta Land Officer who issued a Decree on Granting of Land Rights on December 5, 2013 number 991 not in accordance with the procedure in article 26 section 1 and article 28 section 1,3 Government Ordinance number 24/1997 because it has been issued 7 days prior to the end of the announcement period, so there are procedural defect in the Building Rights Title number 2849/Cilandak Barat.

The Shame of Not Belonging: Navigating Failure in the Colonial Petition, South Africa 1910–1961

This essay examines letters of petition sent by failed white settlers in South Africa to the British Governor General. These letters comprise a particular discursive genre that combine aspects of both private and public. The key to their success was controlled emotion: petitioners had to present their distress in such a way as to excite the exercise of compassion. Allowing subversive or stray emotions to enter a letter was bound to undermine a petitioner’s appeal. Reading this epistolary corpus critically allows us to understand the discursive strategies by which colonials claimed a sentimental attachment to Britain, the empire and, indeed, the Governor General himself.