Motivational Aspects Research Articles

The cost of monitoring in time-based prospective memory

Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) involves remembering to perform actions at specific times in the future. Several studies suggest that monetary consequences improve prospective remembering; however, the effect of monetary consequences on strategic time monitoring (i.e., clock-checking behaviour) in TBPM is still unknown. The present study investigated how the monetary costs on clock-checking affected TBPM accuracy and strategic time monitoring. Participants performed an ongoing lexical decision task while carrying out a TBPM task every two minutes. Motivational incentives were manipulated across three experimental conditions: a single-cost condition in which missed TBPM responses led to monetary deductions, a double-cost condition in which both missed responses and time monitoring led to monetary deductions, and a control condition with no monetary deductions. Overall, the findings indicated that monetary costs on clock-checking prompted more parsimonious strategic time monitoring behaviour, which negatively impacted TBPM accuracy. These results emphasize the importance of weighing the motivational aspects involved in strategic monitoring, shedding light on the complex relationship between clock-checking behaviour, its consequences, and TBPM performance.

Affect and adaptation in entrepreneurial goal pursuit

An entrepreneur’s motivation to set and strive towards their business goals is an integral part of the venturing process. Research has indicated that positive affect enhances motivation, specifically in terms of the level of effort devoted to achieving a goal. However, motivation is also reflected in the strategy or tactics used to attain goals. Interestingly, scholars know substantially less about this aspect of motivation, even though it may be equally important. In this article, we examine how affect shapes an entrepreneur’s propensity to change their strategy when encountering a challenge in the venturing process. Our longitudinal study of 166 tech entrepreneurs reveals that both positive and negative affect have a significant role to play in motivational processes, particularly during challenging times. The study has practical implications for how entrepreneurs manage their feelings when facing challenges and theoretical implications for how scholars apply affective theories in entrepreneurship.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МЕТАКОГНІТИВНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ СТУДЕНТІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ САМОРЕГУЛЬОВАНОГО НАВЧАННЯ

This article presents an analysis of the main theoretical and methodological foundations for researching metacognitive control among students specializing in National Security within the context of self-regulated learning. It highlights the growing interest in psychological science regarding the problem of self-regulated learning effectiveness and the researchers' desire to develop functioning tools for assessing learning strategies. Based on classical postulates about methodology as a system of principles and methods for organizing and constructing theoretical and practical activities, the article analyzes theoretical models, characteristics, and components of self-regulated learning and the place of metacognitive control within this system. It considers Pintrich's theoretical model of self-regulated learning, which studies self-regulation of learning, particularly metacognitive control, across four spheres: cognitive, motivational-emotional, behavioral, and contextual. The latter distinguishes this model from others, as it includes the contextual area as a subject of self-regulation. Special attention is given to analyzing key elements of metacognitive control – learning strategies that can significantly enhance the chances of successful and effective learning. It is found that learning strategies relate to the effective selection and organization of information, efficient repetition of material with subsequent assimilation, establishing connections between new information and information already stored in memory, understanding, monitoring, and continuously enhancing the meaningfulness of the material. It is noted that an important aspect of the interconnection between learning strategies and metacognitive abilities is the effective management of resources, not necessarily related to cognitive activity – time management, managing the learning environment, group learning, and seeking feedback. The third level of methodology discusses a set of specific techniques and technical research approaches for investigating metacognitive control in students of higher education institutions specializing in “National Security”: LASSI, Weinstein, Schulte, Palmer, 1987. The conclusion is drawn that self-regulated learning (and thus, the ability to apply metacognitive control) characterizes students as actively engaged in the learning process: they maintain their motivation, are aware of their thinking processes, and know how to use a wide range of strategies to achieve desired academic outcomes. The article identifies the main methodological problems associated with the empirical study of the effectiveness of self-regulated learning: using different tools to study cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational aspects of self-regulated learning, which separately does not consider its regulatory nature; the need to increase students' awareness of the characteristics of self-regulated learning and the use of learning strategies for accurate self-reports and self-assessment of these processes; since SRL is a specific, not a general process, differences in research results can be observed depending on the context or situation.

Neurophysiology of male sexual arousal—Behavioral perspective

In the presented review, we analyzed the physiology of male sexual arousal and its relation to the motivational aspects of this behavior. We highlighted the distinction between these processes based on observable physiological and behavioral parameters. Thus, we proposed the experimentally applicable differentiation between sexual arousal (SA) and sexual motivation (SM). We propose to define sexual arousal as an overall autonomic nervous system response leading to penile erection, triggered selectively by specific sexual cues. These autonomic processes include both spinal and supraspinal neuronal networks, activated by sensory pathways including information from sexual partner and sexual context, as well as external and internal genital organs. To avoid misinterpretation of experimental data, we also propose to precise the term “sexual motivation” as all actions performed by the individual that increase the probability of sexual interactions or increase the probability of exposition to sexual context cues. Neuronal structures such as the amygdala, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, hypothalamus, nucleus raphe, periaqueductal gray, and nucleus paragigantocellularis play crucial roles in controlling the level of arousal and regulating peripheral responses via specific autonomic effectors. On the highest level of CNS, the activity of cortical structures involved in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, such as the insula and anterior cingulate cortex, can visualize an elevated level of SA in both animal and human brains. From a preclinical perspective, we underlie the usefulness of the non-contact erection test (NCE) procedure in understanding factors influencing sexual arousal, including studies of sexual preference in animal models. Taken together results obtained by different methods, we wanted to focus attention on neurophysiological aspects that are distinctly related to sexual arousal and can be used as an objective parameter, leading to higher translational transparency between basic, preclinical, and clinical studies.

Entrepreneurial Attributes of the College Students Towards the Entrepreneurship

This study investigates entrepreneurial attributes, focusing on key elements such as the need for achievement, need for independence, risk-taking behavior, and entrepreneurial motivation, with a specific emphasis on college students and their involvement in entrepreneurship. The primary objective is to analyze the motivational aspects that drive students to embark on entrepreneurial endeavors. To fulfill these objectives, the current research conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the entrepreneurial motivation of students concerning entrepreneurship. The study was carried out at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture University in Hisar. A systematic and proportional sampling method was employed to select a sample of 200 students, including 100 graduates and 100 postgraduates, who have faced unemployment over the last 3–4 years. It was observed that among the graduate unemployed students, there was a predominant indication of high entrepreneurial motivation (49.0%). Furthermore, they reported a moderate level of need for achievement (63.0%), a moderate need for independence (70.0%), and a moderate inclination towards risk-taking behavior (54.0%). In contrast, postgraduate students displayed a high level of need for achievement (51.0%), a substantial need for independence (50.0%), a notable propensity for risk-taking behavior (68.0%), and also exhibited a medium level of entrepreneurial motivation (53.0%).

How to improve reading and writing skills in primary schools: A comparison between gamification and pen-and-paper training

This research investigates the potential of gamified tools to enhance motivation as well reading and writing skills in pupils, from 8 to 11 years old. The study compares the impact of gamified applications to traditional pen-and-paper activities, utilizing standardized reading and writing tests. The training duration spans 12 h within the school setting, and the sample comprises 113 children with typical development, evenly distributed across two groups. The results indicate significant improvements in reading and writing speed and accuracy for each group, with a slightly higher effect observed in the experimental gamified training group, although this difference was not statistically significant. Although motivation did not directly mediate performance in either group, students in the experimental training groups expressed greater enthusiasm for the activities. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive training and pave the way for future investigations into the effects of gamified tools on other real-life skills and motivational aspects. Such studies would prove fundamental to understand the limitations and benefits of gamification, enabling its effective integration into school programs.

Participatory governance in public health emergencies: A case study of Quanzhou from a legal perspective.

During public health emergencies, the work of prevention and control must be normalised, and coordination between economic development and epidemic prevention is crucial. However, in China, there is a lack of research on participatory governance in public health emergencies, particularly from a legal perspective. Existing studies are insufficient in terms of using legal texts and exploring legal governance in a normative sense, and there is an inadequate in-depth exploration of issues such as the legitimacy, path, motivation, and other aspects of participation. This article addresses these gaps by analysing the issues of participatory governance in public health emergencies from a legal perspective, using practical cases as examples. The research has shown that there are significant differences among the three types of organisations regarding their internal motivation, external incentives, and legal basis, and therefore it is necessary to distinguish different participation paths. Finally, we propose several measures to promote the active and sustained participation of organisation in governance, including cultivating the ability of organisations, emphasising organizational demands, seeking consensus, strengthening the guiding role of legislation, and broadening the channels of engagement.

Tracing diurnal differences in brain anatomy with voxel-based morphometry - associations with sleep characteristics

ABSTRACT Multiple aspects of brain functioning, including arousal, motivation, and cognitive performance, are governed by circadian rhythmicity. Although the recent rise in the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled investigations into the macroscopic correlates of the diurnal brain processes, neuroanatomical studies are scarce. The current work investigated how time-of-day (TOD) impacts white (WM) and grey matter (GM) volumes using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in a large dataset (N = 72) divided into two equal, comparable subsamples to assess the replicability of effects. Furthermore, we aimed to assess how the magnitude of these diurnal differences was related to actigraphy-derived indices of sleep health. The results extend the current knowledge by reporting that TOD is predominantly associated with regional WM volume decreases. Additionally, alongside corroborating previously observed volumetric GM decreases, we provide the first evidence for positive TOD effects. Higher replicability was observed for WM, with the only two replicated GM clusters being volumetric increases in the amygdala and hippocampus, and decreases in the retrosplenial cortex, with the latter more pronounced in individuals with shorter sleep times. These findings implicate the existence of region-specific mechanisms behind GM effects, which might be related to cognitive processes taking place during wakefulness and homeostatic sleep pressure.

Strategi Camat Dalam Memanage Dan Meningkatkan Sumber Daya Manusia Di Kecamatan Picung

Human resources are important for the development of a country that wants its country to develop or progress. Human resource management is a part of management science that focuses its attention on regulating the role of human resources in an organization. In achieving its goals, of course an organization needs human resources as system managers. In order for this system to run, of course in its management it must pay attention to several important aspects such as training, development, motivation and other aspects. Human resources are a very vital organizational asset, therefore their role and function cannot be replaced by other resources. No matter how modern the technology is used, no matter how much funds are in the archives. However, without professional human resources, everything becomes meaningless. To create quality human resources, various specific training is needed to achieve the desired goals, therefore we have oriented this government science journal so that readers can find out what factors can improve the quality of human resources today

Reading motivation and learning strategies among Chinese EFL learners

AbstractGiven the preeminent role of students' reading motivation in their academic success in reading, which determines the quality and intensity of cognition and behaviors, it is important to investigate the predicative effects of different aspects of reading motivation on students' learning strategies particularly in a foreign language learning context where students usually learn the target language mainly through reading. This study investigated reading motivation and learning strategies as well as the relationships between them among junior and senior Chinese secondary school students. Data were gathered from 405 English as a foreign language (EFL) students from a junior and a senior secondary school in southern China who completed two questionnaires used to measure their reading motivation and learning strategies. Confirmatory factor analyses results supported the fit of the two questionnaires in assessing students' motivational and learning strategy processes in an EFL context. The study found that while the students were largely motivated to engage in English reading extrinsically, these students were also found to adopt control and elaboration strategies frequently in their learning, which somewhat contradicts the stereotypical view of Chinese students as rote learners in the literature. The study revealed significant differences in reading motivation and learning strategies between junior and senior secondary students, which can be interpreted in terms of a competitive and pragmatic learning culture where examinations play an essential role in determining student admission into higher education. Findings of this study contribute to the theoretical and pedagogical discussions on reading motivation and learning strategies in learning EFL.

Pengaruh Penerapan Game Based Learning Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Curriculum requirements require educators to be creative in developing learning styles. However, in reality, most educators in Indonesia currently only provide the things that are available in teaching modules and focus on fulfilling curriculum material without considering the expected learning outcomes. To overcome this problem, educators need to modify learning styles by providing learning innovations. One alternative that can be applied to elementary school students is to apply the Game Based Learning learning model. Therefore, the aim of the research is to find out the effect of implementing the Game Based Learning learning model on elementary school students' learning motivation. The literature review was carried out by conducting a literature review which aims to examine the application, factors and impact of Game Based Learning on elementary school students' learning motivation. Literature searches were carried out using the Google Scholar database for the 2013-2023 period. Based on article extraction, 6 articles were found that were appropriate to the discussion, which shows that there are several stages in the game based learning model, namely (1) identifying learning objectives. (2) determine the big idea. (3) create a game scenario. (4) create a learning activity design. (5) create groups. (6) apply game dynamics. In its application, GBL has several factors, namely: game design, instructional support, motivational aspects, and the ability to develop multiple intelligences. The impact of implementing GBL itself, among other things, can increase student learning motivation, increase student literacy motivation, and certainly have an effect on student learning outcomes.

Higher Education Students’ Task Motivation in the Generative Artificial Intelligence Context: The Case of ChatGPT

Artificial intelligence has been attracting the attention of educational researchers recently, especially ChatGPT as a generative artificial intelligence tool. The context of generative artificial intelligence could impact different aspects of students’ learning, such as the motivational aspect. The present research intended to investigate the characteristics of students’ task motivation in the artificial intelligence context, specifically in the ChatGPT context. The researchers interviewed 15 students about their experiences with ChatGPT to collect data. The researchers used inductive and deductive content analysis to investigate students’ motivation when learning with ChatGPT. To arrive at the categories and sub-categories of students’ motivation, the researchers used the MAXQDA 2022. Five main categories emerged: task enjoyment, reported effort, result assessment, perceived relevance, and interaction. Each category comprised at least two sub-categories, and each sub-category was further organized into codes. The results indicated more positive characteristics of motivation than negative ones. The previous results could be due to the conversational or social aspect of the chatbot, enabling relationships with humans and enabling the maintenance of good quality conversations with them. We conclude that a generative AI could be utilized in educational settings to promote students’ motivation to learn and thus raise their learning achievement.

Self-Regulated Learning for Active Organizational Students of the Faculty of Psychology and Humanities

University students should have extensive knowledge and abilities (skills), character, and vision that are more advanced than ordinary people. Student activities such as organizations can be a place for students to develop their abilities. Students are also required to have good time management so that academic achievement and organizational activities can run in balance. This study aims to determine self-regulated learning in the aspects of active organizational students with high academic achievement. The study focused on self-regulated learning in active organizational students at the Faculty of Psychology and Humanities. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The method in this study used in-depth interviews, and the participants in this study were two people. This study found information on self-regulated learning aspects, including cognitive regulation, motivational aspects, and behavioral aspects. The study results show that active student organizations that apply self-regulated learning can control behavior, maintain achievement, and have many relationships and experiences not obtained in lecture classes.

Correlated change in habitual and situational reading motivation

We aim to examine similarities and differences in the developmental patterns of habitual (HRM) and situational reading motivation (SRM). We investigated the correlated change of SRM and two aspects of HRM: habitual reading enjoyment and habitual reading for interest. The sample comprised N = 1508 students with four waves of data collections spaced approximately every 18 months. Applying multivariate curve-of-factors models, first we found a decline in all three aspects of reading motivation from T1 to T3, and a stable trajectory from T3 to T4. Second, all three aspects of reading motivation correlated strongly regarding time-specific aspects, as well as level and trend factors. Third, the two HRM aspects showed higher correlations than did any aspect of HRM with SRM. Implications of the correlated declines of HRM and SRM, and for future research on reading motivation in general, are discussed.

EXPERIENCE IN USING ROLE GAMES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE OF SCHOOL PUPILS

The analysis of the research results based on the use of the role-playing game "IT Company" among pupils of the 5th, 6th, and 7th grades of Chernivtsi Lyceum No. 17 "Success" of the Chernivtsi City Council has been conducted. The study aims to investigate the impact of role-playing games on increasing pupils cognitive interest in computer science classes, developing their social competencies and soft skills, enhancing teamwork and leadership qualities, and improving the practical skills acquired by pupils during the year of study. The following methods of pedagogical research were applied: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature on the formation of social competence in schoolchildren; interviews with pupils, observation, and surveys; a pedagogical experiment was proposed to identify and test the effectiveness of using role-playing games in computer science classes to develop pupils social competence; methods of mathematical statistics were applied - for quantitative analysis of empirical data to confirm the effectiveness of experimental work. The findings indicate a significant pedagogical potential of gaming technologies in teaching computer science and the importance of using role-playing games in the educational process as a means of stimulating active student participation in learning, forming their social skills, and increasing cognitive interest. Criteria and levels of social competence formation have been identified. Recommendations and rules for teachers planning to use role-playing games in the educational process have also been determined. Requirements and challenges that teachers may face when using role-playing games in lessons, motivational aspects, and features of student behavior are specified, as well as examples of specific game elements that can be implemented to achieve better results.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: Navigating Depression Treatment in Traditional and Digital Settings with Insights from Current Research.

Given the shortcomings of a mechanistic assumption of traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a newer generation of CBT-grounded interventions focusing on process-orientated emotional and motivational aspects has emerged. These so-called third-wave CBTs emphasize function and context of inner experience over form and content, and have become evidence-based practice in the past four decades. Among these approaches, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has both a large body of research for various (mental) health conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD) in particular. ACT is a transdiagnostic approach that intends to increase psychological flexibility (PF) of clients as a universal mechanism of behavior change and a value-driven orientation in life. By focusing on present-moment awareness, acceptance, defusion, establishing a stable sense of self, clarifying personal valued life directions, and committing to behaviors consistent to these values, ACT targets the core processes of PF. Meta-analyses have indicated the efficacy and effectiveness of ACT in reducing depressive symptoms and increasing well-being, with mainly moderate effect sizes in clinical trials. ACT for MDD has been shown to be effective across different delivery modes (e.g., individual, group, digital). ACT can also be applied using self-help formats (e.g., mobile apps) and combined with features from compatible approaches like behavioral activation. There is also evidence for a high acceptability of ACT and adherence rates comparable to classic CBT. Moreover, process research has shown that ACT works specifically through the mediator of PF and by addressing its suggested core therapeutic processes. Given the essential role of offering a personalized therapeutic strategy in treatment outcomes and adherence, it is central to provide more effective options that match clients' needs and preferences. This chapter illustrates different applications of ACT for adults with MDD and the current evidence base to promote informed decisions on using ACT as additional or stand-alone therapeutic approach.

Virtue Ethics and Organizational Culture Management in Humanitarian Assistance

Aim: The aim of the article is to investigate the validity of virtue ethics to humanitarian organizational culture management. Methodology: The method applied is basically focused on the analyses of the relevant literature. Results: The results of the paper show that a humanitarian virtuous agency conducted by innate moral qualities can employ standards that are far beyond formal code duties or effectiveness. Implications and recommendations: Virtue ethics, by stressing the importance of motivational aspects, has unquestionable implications in analyses around humanitarian organizational culture management. Originality/value: Motivational aspects become fundamental for relief workers, especially in situations where normality means lack of normality.

«ЕҢБЕККЕ БАУЛУ» ПӘНІН ОҚЫТУДА БАСТАУЫШ СЫНЫП ОҚУШЫЛАРЫНЫҢ ШЫҒАРМАШЫЛЫҚ ІС-ӘРЕКЕТІН ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУДЫҢ ЖОЛДАРЫ

The problem of shaping personality of a student possessing the skills of creative knowledge application in the educational process demands attention and investigation. A person equipped with such skills can enact changes in societal development and become an active participant in the process. To assess the relevance of the article, an analysis of regulatory documents and research by both domestic and foreign scientists working in this field was conducted. Consequently, definitions of the concept of "creative activity" were proposed. Additionally, the article described components essential for developing creative activities in young students, including motivational, creative-cognitive, and intellectual aspects, and outlined their criteria and indicators. The goal of the study is to identify methods for fostering creative actions in the educational process. These actions should be purposeful and principled, encourage unconventional thinking skills, and support universal learning activities that lead to various forms of self-expression. The experimental cohort comprised 63 students of 2nd grade (groups "A" and "B") of the General Secondary School № 49. The experimental work was divided into three stages: ascertaining, forming, and controlling. At the ascertainment stage, a new level was determined using the methodology of creative thinking by P. Torrens, while at the formation stage, three approaches were considered: project-based learning (PBL), utilization of media resources, and STEM learning. The results of the comparative analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of the work during the formation stage.

Revisiting the Mongolian Stratum of Kazakh Place Names

The study examines a representative sample of toponyms located in the territory of Kazakhstan, that can potentially be of Mongolian origin. These toponyms are classified into three categories: 1) settlement names (oikonyms), 2) water body names (hydronyms), and 3) geographical feature names (oronyms). In cases of duplicate toponyms (oikonym and oronym), precedence is given to the geographical feature name, following the most common direction of toponymic transfer. The analysis investigates the significance of Mongolian names in the Kazakh language, encompassing motivational, word-formational, and etymological aspects, and proposes new hypotheses of their origin while considering earlier theories. The authors identify the main challenges faced by etymologists and toponymists and review previous authors’ unsuccessful etymological solutions. Errors detected in the data include references to Russified place names borrowed into contemporary Kazakh, inattention to early toponym records, neglect of phonetic changes in Kazakh and Mongolian, as well as their relative chronology, and disregard of potential phonetic adaptation patterns that one could expect based on the phonological peculiarities of both the source and receiving languages. The study aims to categorise place names according to the time and source of borrowing, each name being evaluated based on whether it was initially borrowed as a toponym or an appellative word that later integrated a Kazakh toponym. The analysis concludes that Kazakh toponymy of Mongolian origin (i.e. place names that were borrowed as toponyms) is predominantly recent and associated with the borders of two historical Mongolian states — the Dzungar and Kalmyk khanates.

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORY AND CIVIC EDUCATION TEACHERS IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The article examines the development of civic competence of history and civic education teachers in the system of in-service training as a necessary condition for the development of civil society in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the system of in-service training of history and civic education teachers in postgraduate education and their perception of their professional development process, as well as to reveal the main aspects of motivation to improve their skills and develop the civic competence of history and civic education teachers. It is shown that anthropologism as a scientific concept that considers the individual as a subject of educational activity and social relations, recognizes a person as a complex system that develops itself according to internal and external laws, is of methodological importance for in-service training in the system of postgraduate education. In the course of the study, the methods of observation, oral communication and analysis were used. The problems and difficulties of cross-cutting civic education in the educational process and the subject area of each of the subjects taught in general secondary education institutions are shown. The study has shown that the vast majority of history and civic education teachers are eager to acquire new knowledge, are well aware that professional development can contribute to profound changes in teaching if it is based on classroom practice, is continuous and is carried out in collaboration with other teachers. The vast majority of teachers understand that when they learn and develop their own competencies, they transform their knowledge into practice for the benefit of their students’ development.