Aspects Of Mobility Research Articles

National Independence Versus Traditional Culture: Framing the Same-Sex Marriage Movement and Countermovement in Taiwan

Taiwan’s legalization of same-sex marriage in 2019 made it the first nation in Asia to grant marital rights to gay and lesbian couples. In the years leading up to legalization, the Marriage Equality Coalition Taiwan (pro-same-sex marriage) and the Coalition for the Happiness of Our Next Generation (anti-same-sex marriage) mobilized large-scale social movements on social media between 2016 and 2017 to influence the legislative process. The network structure and affordances of digital platforms have facilitated communication and mobilization for social movements. However, new technology alone does not guarantee participation, and cultural aspects of mobilization on digital platforms are an important area of study. This paper examines the framing strategies these two organizations used on Facebook pages and the political and cultural contexts that facilitated or constrained frame alignment. A mixed-method framing analysis combining quantitative and qualitative methods of their Facebook posts revealed that the supporting group framed same-sex marriage as an issue of human rights and as a democratic development linked to Taiwan’s goal of national independence, whereas the opposing group framed it as a destruction of traditional culture concerning family values and social order. Our analysis identified the distinct features of framing strategy in Taiwan’s marriage equality movement and countermovement, including the appeal to nationalism and the downplaying of religion, that were affected by Taiwan’s specific political and cultural contexts.

Automatic Clustering for Improved Radio Environment Maps in Distributed Applications

Wireless communication greatly contributes to the evolution of new technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing. The new generation networks, including 5G and 6G, provide several connectivity advantages for multiple applications, such as smart health systems and smart cities. Adopting wireless communication technologies in these applications is still challenging due to factors such as mobility and heterogeneity. Predicting accurate radio environment maps (REMs) is essential to facilitate connectivity and improve resource utilization. The construction of accurate REMs through the prediction of reference signal received power (RSRP) can be useful in densely distributed applications, such as smart cities. However, predicting an accurate RSRP in the applications can be complex due to intervention and mobility aspects. Given the fact that the propagation environments can be different in a specific area of interest, the estimation of a common path loss exponent for the entire area produces errors in the constructed REM. Hence, it is necessary to use automatic clustering to distinguish between different environments by grouping locations that exhibit similar propagation characteristics. This leads to better prediction of the propagation characteristics of other locations within the same cluster. Therefore, in this work, we propose using the Kriging technique, in conjunction with the automatic clustering approach, in order to improve the accuracy of RSRP prediction. In fact, we adopt K-means clustering (KMC) to enhance the path loss exponent estimation. We use a dataset to test the proposed model using a set of comparative studies. The results showed that the proposed approach provides significant RSRP prediction capabilities for constructing REM, with a gain of about 3.3 dB in terms of root mean square error compared to the case without clustering.

The Role of DRT in European Urban Public Transport Systems—A Comparison between Tampere, Braunschweig and Genoa

Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) is one of the most valid solutions to tackle the problems affecting public transport today, both in urban and rural areas. Despite its undoubted advantages, it still remains underdeveloped compared to its great potential. The purpose of this paper is to understand the role that on-demand transport plays in the strategic choices of public transport authorities (PTAs): to this end, this study examined the DRT services of three geographically distant European cities, in order to test different social, cultural and regulatory backgrounds, examining their main characteristics. Tampere, Braunschweig and Genoa were selected for the purposes of this work; data and information were collected by viewing the official websites of public transport companies and by direct contact via mail/telephone with the managers responsible for on-call transport. The data collected were then analyzed based on specific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) identified in academic literature. The results of this paper show that the role of on-call service in the strategic decisions of PTAs depends on the cultural context of reference; some cities focus more on urban services, others on rural transport. In all three case studies examined, on-demand transport is an important aspect of local mobility and with wide room for growth.

Evaluation of functional mobility, balance, and executive functions in children with epilepsy

ObjectiveIt is known that motor skills and executive functions are interrelated in healthy children. The study aims to evaluate the functional mobility, balance and executive functions in children who are diagnosed with epilepsy and to determine whether they are related to each other. MethodsThe study included 21 children who were diagnosed with epilepsy and have no additional comorbidities and 21 healthy children who had similar age and sex to those diagnosed with epilepsy. Their demographic data were collected using a descriptive information form. In addition, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and the Stair Climb Test (SCT) were used to evaluate their functional mobility, the Pediatric Berg Balance Scale (PBSS) to evaluate their balance, and the Behavior Evaluation Inventory for Executive Functions Parent Form (BRIEF-P) to evaluate their executive functions. ResultsOur study found a statistically significant difference between the children with epilepsy and their healthy peers in terms of functional mobility and executive functions (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between them in terms of balance parameters (p > 0.05). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between the executive functions and functional mobility in children with epilepsy (p < 0.05). The coefficient of determinations (R2) indicating how differences in T and SCT scores explained by executive function domains were found as 0.718 and 0.725, respectively. ConclusionsEpilepsy can negatively affect several aspects of functional mobility and executive functions in childhood. According to the results of our study, it is important to recognize the motor skills and executive functions problems of children with epilepsy who do not have additional comorbidities, and to direct them to appropriate healthcare programs. Our results support the need to raise awareness in both health professionals and families to encourage children with epilepsy to be more active.

Can exercise prevent the age‐related decline in adaptive homeostasis? Evidence across organisms and tissues

Can exercise prevent the age‐related decline in adaptive homeostasis? Evidence across organisms and tissues

Atypical aspects of social stratification and mobility

The authors attempts to highlight certain aspects of social relations and social movements that go beyond the traditional typology of social stratification and mobility. It is emphasized that the general vector of modernity, namely the information and digitalization in many areas significantly complements and changes the understanding of mobility. Separately, the social group of "remote workers" is analyzed, the number of which has been growing noticeably in recent years in connection with the informatization of society, as well as in connection with the geopolitical situation, the situation of "uncertainty". Structural-functional, axiological, activity-based approaches were chosen as the methodological basis of the study, the comparative method and the method of scientific analysis were used. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article identifies three social groups — "remoters", "organizers", "fallacians", attention to which in classical literature, in our opinion, was not paid enough. In conditions of uncertainty, individuals who are able to design new forms of sociality, which have significant advantages over traditional projects, gain a noticeable advantage. The main conclusion is that social mobility acquires new indicators and is often not associated with the real movements of the subject in space and time. New research and analysis of this phenomenon are required, taking into account the conditions of rapid informatization and transformation of modern society.

Integration, urban citizenship, and spatial aspects of (new) mobilities: Greek migrants' constructions of integration in European cities.

This study aims at casting light on the ways in which spatial aspects of mobility and belonging serve as social-psychological discursive resources used by Intra-European Greek immigrants in order to account for integration. For the purposes of the study, 17 virtual interviews with Greek migrants in European cities were analysed. Interview discussion was facilitated by photographs of participants' meaningful places. In the analysis, accounts of belonging to the community 'in general' were juxtaposed to accounts of bonding with specific places. Participants, using spatial discursive resources and constituting complex relationships between political participation, citizenship and place, developed competing arguments and positioned themselves as integrated or excluded from local, national or supranational communities. Accounts of attachment to private and public places mobilized constructions of citizenship based on place appropriation and people-environment relations and constructed spatial or symbolic boundaries. The conclusions underscore the benefits of understanding migrant integration through multilevel (local, national and supranational) constructions of political participation and urban and localized perspectives of citizenship.

Early Mobilization for Critically Ill Patients.

Advances in the field of critical care medicine have helped improve the survival rate of these ill patients. Several studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of early mobilization as an important component of critical care rehabilitation. However, there have been some inconsistent results. Moreover, the lack of standardized mobilization protocols and the associated safety concerns are a barrier to the implementation of early mobilization in critically ill patients. Therefore, determining the appropriate modalities of implementation of early mobilization is a key imperative to leverage its potential in these patients. In this paper, we review the contemporary literature to summarize the strategies for early mobilization of critically ill patients, assess the implementation and validity based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, as well as discuss the safety aspects of early mobilization.

Visual-somatosensory integration (VSI) as a novel marker of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive overview of the VSI study.

Identification of novel, non-invasive, non-cognitive based markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias are a global priority. Growing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's pathology manifests in sensory association areas well before appearing in neural regions involved in higher-order cognitive functions, such as memory. Previous investigations have not comprehensively examined the interplay of sensory, cognitive, and motor dysfunction with relation to AD progression. The ability to successfully integrate multisensory information across multiple sensory modalities is a vital aspect of everyday functioning and mobility. Our research suggests that multisensory integration, specifically visual-somatosensory integration (VSI), could be used as a novel marker for preclinical AD given previously reported associations with important motor (balance, gait, and falls) and cognitive (attention) outcomes in aging. While the adverse effect of dementia and cognitive impairment on the relationship between multisensory functioning and motor outcomes has been highlighted, the underlying functional and neuroanatomical networks are still unknown. In what follows we detail the protocol for our study, named The VSI Study, which is strategically designed to determine whether preclinical AD is associated with neural disruptions in subcortical and cortical areas that concurrently modulate multisensory, cognitive, and motor functions resulting in mobility decline. In this longitudinal observational study, a total of 208 community-dwelling older adults with and without preclinical AD will be recruited and monitored yearly. Our experimental design affords assessment of multisensory integration as a new behavioral marker for preclinical AD; identification of functional neural networks involved in the intersection of sensory, motor, and cognitive functioning; and determination of the impact of early AD on future mobility declines, including incident falls. Results of The VSI Study will guide future development of innovative multisensory-based interventions aimed at preventing disability and optimizing independence in pathological aging.

European Union Smart Mobility–Aspects Connected with Bike Road System’s Extension and Dissemination

The analysis of scientific research described in peer-reviewed journals demonstrates the significance of bicycle road networks in relation to smart mobility. This research was conducted for European Union cities that meet the criteria of having a developed bicycle route network and are ranked among the top 100 European bicycle-friendliest cities in 2021. The study also analyzed whether each city was on national or international lists of smart cities or had smart city initiatives. The study indicates that a comprehensive and well-developed network of bicycle paths is a crucial element in the development of smart mobility solutions within a modern smart city. Among EU countries, cities in northern and central Europe, particularly in Germany, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, have the best-developed bicycle networks. The research on the correlation between the average temperature level in a country and the average values for smart city bike lanes showed a statistically significant negative correlation between the two variables. The lower a country’s average annual temperature, the more that a bicycle infrastructure is present in its smart cities, as measured by the length of bicycle paths and the saturation of the city with bicycle paths per square kilometer and per 1000 residents. After removing outliers (Finland, Ireland, and Luxembourg), a significant relationship was observed between the wealth of a country and the length and density of bicycle paths in smart cities. The linear correlation coefficient between the length of bicycle roads and GDP per capita was found to be −0.73, which is a high coefficient value.

Addressing climate-related human mobility through NDCs and NAPs: State of play, good practices, and the ways forward

Climate change is altering human mobility patterns across the globe, particularly in climate-vulnerable developing countries. With increasing recognition of the complex interlinkages between climate change and human mobility, governments and subnational authorities have begun to address this nexus in planning and policy processes, including Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). To better understand how human mobility is integrated into NDCs and NAPs, we analyzed 171 NDCs and 40 NAPs, and conducted 20 semi-structured interviews and 16 workshops and webinars. We find that human mobility is increasingly featured in NDCs, but only few countries propose concrete interventions to address adverse effects or promote adaptive aspects of human mobility. The study also finds that many countries primarily focus on mobility as a risk, challenge, or problem while some have incorporated positive aspects of mobility (e.g., migration as an adaptation strategy). Through six concise case studies, the paper focuses on good practices from specific NDCs and NAPs that can enhance the integration of human mobility in a range of priority policy sectors for adaptation and loss and damage. To move forward, interviewees and workshop participants emphasized the need for adequate finance, institutional capacities, and data to strengthen the integration of human mobility into NDCs and NAPs. There is a need to identify and better understand potential policy interventions at the local, national, and global level, and to assess their impact and map potential synergies.

Adapting to Climate-Related Human Mobility into Europe: Between the Protection Agenda and the Deterrence Paradigm, or Beyond?

Abstract In 2015, following a series of sub-regional consultations, 109 states endorsed an Agenda for the Protection of Cross-Border Displaced Persons in the Context of Disasters and Climate Change. Although active in supporting the consultative process and notwithstanding their endorsement of this ‘Protection Agenda’, the European Union and its Member States promote ‘effective practices’ in the global South without committing to the same course of action at home. Recognizing that the Protection Agenda is difficult to reconcile with contemporary migration politics in the global North, this article argues that an approach that builds on the European Climate Law commitment to pursue climate change adaptation ‘guided by the best available and most recent scientific evidence’ provides a starting point for addressing some important aspects of human mobility in the context of disasters and climate change, and provides a context for discussing the kind of transformational adaptation called for by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Relative contribution of sensory and motor impairments to mobility limitations in children with cerebral palsy: an observational study

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contribution of sensory and motor impairments to mobility limitations in cerebral palsy. An observational study was carried out in 83 children with all types of cerebral palsy with a mean age of 10.8 years (SD 1.2). Five impairments (coordination, strength, spasticity, contracture, proprioception) and three aspects of mobility (standing up from a chair, short and long distance walking) were measured. Standard multiple regression was used to determine the relative contribution of impairments to mobility as well as the relative contribution of strength of individual muscle groups (dorsiflexors, plantarflexors, knee extensors, hip abductors and hip extensors) to mobility. Five impairments accounted for 48% of the variance in overall mobility (p < 0.001): coordination independently accounted for 9%, contracture for 4% and strength for 3% of the variance. Five muscle groups accounted for 53% of the variance in overall mobility (p < 0.001): hip extensors independently accounted for 9%, knee extensors for 4%, dorsiflexors for 4% and plantarflexors for 3% of the variance. Our findings demonstrate that the impairments making a significant independent contribution to mobility in pre-adolescent cerebral palsy were loss of coordination, loss of strength and contracture.

Electrostatic Interpretation of Phase Separation Induced by Femtosecond Laser Light in Glass

Numerous studies on the effect of the femtosecond laser pulses in oxide glasses have been achieved over the last two decades, and several specific effects pointed out. Some of them are classical with respect to a laser treatment, such as thermally related effects, and are widely taken into account for applications. Other effects are directly induced by light, caused by its intricated spatiotemporal structure and associated properties: ponderomotive and polarization effects or coherence within the focal volume. These effects enable the development of forces that can lead to orientation effects. Among the specific resulting transformations from the light-induced effects in glass, the formation of so-called nanogratings was first pointed out in 2003 in silica glass. From this date, asymmetric organization into parallel nanoplanes, perpendicular to the laser polarization, have been found in many vitreous and crystalline compounds. While it is accepted that they arise from the same origin, i.e., a plasma organization that is eventually imprinted inside the material, uncertainties remain on the formation process itself. Indeed, since it exists several categories of nanogratings based on the final structuring (nanoporous phase separation, crystallization, and nanocracks), it can be expected that several processes are at the roots of such spectacular organization. This paper describes an approach based on electrochemical potential modified by an electronic excitation. The electric field induced during this process is first calculated, with a maximum of ~4500 kV/µm and a distribution confined within the lamella period. The maximal chemical potential variation is thus calculated, in the studied conditions, to be in the kJ/mol range, corresponding to a glass-to-crystal phase transition energy release. The kinetics aspect of species mobility is subsequently described, strengthening the proposed approach.

How has COVID-19 impacted customer perceptions and demand for delivery services: An exploratory analysis

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic created an environment where nearly all aspects of mobility changed to ensure the health and safety of the public. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that people quarantine for 14 days if they were potentially exposed to the virus, stay at least six feet apart from others, and stay at home as much as possible. Delivery via third-party restaurant app, grocery, and package delivery quickly became an essential service. This study assesses customer's changes in use and perceived quality of delivery services in Southwest Virginia, via an online stated-preference survey (n = 423). The responses were analyzed using ordered logit and generalized ordered logit models to identify which population segments had changing delivery behavior and perceptions due to the pandemic. Findings include that before the pandemic, only households with an income greater than $100,000 had a significantly higher demand for package delivery services than those making less than $25,000. During the pandemic, all income brackets had a significantly higher demand for package delivery “weekly” than households with less than a $25,000 income, with a 19.50%, 22.54%, and 45.59% greater chance of use for income levels $25,000 to $50,000, $50,000 to $100,000, and over $100,000, respectively. This trend highlights that package delivery became necessary during the pandemic. Respondents who lived within town limits were statistically significantly more likely to use third-party restaurant delivery apps at least once a week before (3.10%), during (9.20%), and after (4.50%) the pandemic compared to those outside town limits. The results also found people who lived within town limits were 7.77% more likely to be satisfied with delivery services in general than those who lived outside town limits. The findings from this paper identify expanding delivery equity gaps within the population and provide recommendations for policymakers and delivery agencies. Some limitations include that low sample size did not allow for fully segmented models and meant that the study should be considered exploratory in nature.

Real world validation of activity recognition algorithm and development of novel behavioral biomarkers of falls in aged control and movement disorder patients.

The use of wearable sensors in movement disorder patients such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is becoming more widespread, but most studies are limited to characterizing general aspects of mobility using smartphones. There is a need to accurately identify specific activities at home in order to properly evaluate gait and balance at home, where most falls occur. We developed an activity recognition algorithm to classify multiple daily living activities including high fall risk activities such as sit to stand transfers, turns and near-falls using data from 5 inertial sensors placed on the chest, upper-legs and lower-legs of the subjects. The algorithm is then verified with ground truth by collecting video footage of our patients wearing the sensors at home. Our activity recognition algorithm showed >95% sensitivity in detection of activities. Extracted features from our home monitoring system showed significantly better correlation (~69%) with prospectively measured fall frequency of our subjects compared to the standard clinical tests (~30%) or other quantitative gait metrics used in past studies when attempting to predict future falls over 1 year of prospective follow-up. Although detecting near-falls at home is difficult, our proposed model suggests that near-fall frequency is the most predictive criterion in fall detection through correlation analysis and fitting regression models.

Patient and Clinician Perspectives of Physical Therapy for Walking Difficulties in Multiple Sclerosis.

Gait speed is frequently the primary efficacy endpoint in clinical trials of interventions targeting mobility in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it is unclear whether increased gait speed is a meaningful outcome for people living with MS. The purpose of this study was to identify the most important aspects of mobility for people with MS and physical therapists and to explore how patients and clinicians perceive whether physical therapy has been effective. Forty-six people with MS and 23 physical therapy clinicians participated in a focus group, one-on-one interview, or electronic survey. The focus group and interview data were transcribed and coded to identify themes. Free-text survey responses were also coded, and multiple-choice options were analyzed for frequency. Among people with MS, falls and difficulties getting out into the community were identified as highly important mobility limitations. Clinicians also identified falls and safety as a priority. Walking speed was infrequently described as a problem, and although gait speed is often measured by clinicians, improving gait speed is rarely a treatment goal. Despite their emphasis on safety, clinicians lacked certainty about how to objectively measure improvements in safety. People with MS evaluated physical therapy effectiveness based on the ease by which they can do things and acknowledged that "not getting worse" is a positive outcome. Clinicians evaluated effectiveness based on the amount of change in objective outcome measures and by patient and caregiver reports of improved function. These findings indicate that gait speed is not of major importance to people with MS or physical therapy clinicians. People with MS want to be able to walk further and without an assistive device, and they want to avoid falls. Clinicians want to maximize safety while improving functional ability. Clinicians and patients may differ in their expected outcomes from physical therapy.

A new Mobility and Energy Harvesting aware Medium Access Control (MEH-MAC) protocol: Modelling and performance evaluation

Existing medium access control (MAC) protocols have always considered the energy-harvesting aspect and mobility aspect separately. Thus, in literature, there is no MAC protocol that has combined the two aspects in the same framework to improve networks performance. In this paper, a new “Mobility and Energy Harvesting aware Medium Access Control (MEH-MAC)” protocol is proposed for dynamic sensor networks powered by ambient energy. The paper provides a detailed description of the protocol and presents a state-transition formal model with a performance evaluation using UPPAAL-SMC.

THE ROLE OF MOBILIZATION TECHNIQUES IN THE PHYSICAL THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT

The purpose of the study: to analyze the results of studies devoted to the study of the effectiveness of the use of mobilization techniques in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint.&#x0D; Materials and methods. This work is the result of an analysis of studies devoted to the study of the effect of mobilization techniques as monotherapy and as part of a complex physical therapy on the range of motion in the shoulder joint, pain on the visual analog scale, and the shoulder pain and disability index.&#x0D; Results. Stretching exercises, pendulum exercises, various manual therapies, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques, and muscle energy techniques are used in physical therapy for adhesive capsulitis. Analysis of the literature confirmed that mobilization is widely used in the therapy of patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint. At the same time, the number of mobilization techniques, which are used in the form of monotherapy or part of complex treatment, is significant. There are quite a few types of mobilization techniques for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint: angular mobilization; progressive mobilization; mobilization of the spine in combination with scapular stretching, angular and translational mobilization; high-intensity techniques based on the pain threshold; the Cyriax approach; Mulligan technique; Maitland technique. There are research results that indicate an immediate effect of intensive mobilization on the amplitude of passive abduction. A number of studies have established the advantages of end-range and intensive mobilization compared to mid-range mobilization. At the same time, studies were found that did not establish the advantages of mobilization over therapeutic exercises, and also established the advantages of therapeutic exercises without pain compared to a complex intervention that included exercises and mobilization with exceeding the pain threshold. Thus, the question of the intensity of mobilization, the level of pain during mobilization remains relevant. Results of literature reviews noted that the Kaltenborn technique shows better results after 2-6 weeks of therapy in reducing pain, improving range of motion and functional activity; that there is moderate evidence of effectiveness of mobilization methods in the short and long term; that the Maitland technique and combined mobilization are recommended for use. In the aspect of mobilization with adhesive capsulitis, there is a question of its direction (anterior or posterior) to improve the amplitude of external rotation. At the same time, the conclusions of the last systematic review of the effectiveness of conservative methods of treatment of adhesive capsulitis indicate that there is no reliable evidence that would convincingly testify to the superiority of one method of treatment of adhesive capsulitis over another.&#x0D; Conclusions. The results of scientific studies indicate different conclusions regarding the effectiveness of mobilization techniques. There are works that indicate both the advantages of mobilization in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint and their absence. Undisputed strong evidence in favor of one of the mobilization techniques is also lacking. Mobilization techniques can be used in physical therapy for patients with adhesive capsulitis, but more research is needed to determine the most effective intervention.

Risk factors and injury patterns of e-scooter associated injuries in Germany

Since the introduction of widely available e-scooter rentals in Hamburg, Germany in June of 2019, our emergency department has seen a sharp increase in the amount of e-scooter related injuries. Despite a rising number of studies certain aspects of e-scooter mobility remain unclear. This study examines the various aspects of e-scooter associated injuries with one of the largest cohorts to date. Electronic patient records of emergency department admissions were screened for e-scooter associated injuries between June 2019 and December 2021. Patient demographic data, mechanism of injury, alcohol consumption, helmet usage, sustained injuries and utilized medical resources were recorded. Overall, 268 patients (57% male) with a median age of 30.3 years (IQR 23.3; 40.0) were included. 252 (94%) were e-scooter riders themselves, while 16 (6%) were involved in crashes associated with an e-scooter. Patients in non-rider e-scooter crashes were either cyclists who collided with e-scooter riders or older pedestrians (median age 61.2 years) who tripped over parked e-scooters. While e-scooter riders involved in a crash sustained an impact to the head or face in 58% of cases, those under the influence of alcohol fell on their head or face in 84% of cases. This resulted in a large amount of maxillofacial soft tissue lacerations and fractures. Extremity fractures and dislocations were more often recorded for the upper extremities. This study comprises one of the largest cohorts of e-scooter associated injuries to date. Older pedestrians are at risk to stumble over parked e-scooters. E-scooter crashes with riders who consumed alcohol were associated with more severe injuries, especially to the head and face. Restricted e-scooter parking, enforcement of drunk driving laws for e-scooters, and helmet usage should be recommended.