Metrological Aspects Research Articles

Metrological Aspects of Abrasive Tool Active Surface Topography Evaluation

Abstract Analysis of the shape and location of abrasive grain tips as well as their changes during the grinding process, is the basis for forecasting the machining process results. This paper presents a methodology of using the watershed segmentation in identifying abrasive grains on the abrasive tool active surface. Some abrasive grain tips were selected to minimize the errors of detecting many tips on a single abrasive grain. The abrasive grains, singled out as a result of the watershed segmentation, were then analyzed to determine their geometric parameters. Moreover, the statistical parameters describing their locations on the abrasive tool active surface and the parameters characterizing intergranular spaces were determined.

Metrological aspects of spectrum analysis of halftone images

Metrological aspects of spectrum analysis of halftone images

New aspects of metrology of frictional behaviour in metal cutting

New aspects of metrology of frictional behaviour in metal cutting

Shape descriptors and statistical classification on areal topography data for tile inspection in tessellated surfaces

Verification of conformance to design specifications in production, and identification of defects related to wear or other damage during maintenance, are key metrological aspects that must be addressed for micro-scale tessellated surfaces. A new algorithmic approach is presented that operates on topography datasets as obtained by areal topography instruments. The approach combines segmentation algorithms with a novel implementation of the angular radial transform, originally adopted by the MPEG-7 standard, to implement shape descriptors and associated similarity metrics. Applications to the inspection and verification of laser-manufactured micro-embossing topographies are illustrated. The topographies are first segmented to extract the individual tiles; the tiles are then encoded through shape descriptors. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis are used to investigate the behaviour of the angular radial transform coefficients. Finally, an algorithmic classifier based on supervised learning (k-nearest neighbours) is implemented and shown to be effective at identifying defects and at discriminating between defect types.

Metrological aspects of international intercomparison of passive radon detectors under field conditions in Marie Curie’s tunnel in Lurisia

Abstract In 2014, an intercomparison exercise of passive radon detectors under field conditions in the Marie Curie’s tunnel belonging to the Lurisia spas complex (Lurisia, Piedmont, Italy) has been held. Radon activity concentration in the tunnel was measured with six radon active monitors, previously calibrated at ENEA-INMRI facilities. In the present paper, a synthesis of the metrological aspects of the intercomparison is given. Indeed particular attention was paid to metrological characterization of radon monitors and their response upon ambient conditions. Correction factors have been defined to be applied when measurements are performed in severe environmental conditions. In particular, it has been found that monitors are particularly sensitive to the effect of air density: the AlphaGUARD (AG-SAPHYMO, GmbH) efficiency decreases with the air density, while for the MR1 PLUS (Tesys, Italy), the opposite applies. When the reference monitors were placed into the Marie Curie’s tunnel, to the recorded average radon concentrations correction factors were applied. After the correction the difference between data coming from AG and MR1 PLUS is within the 1.7%.

Spectral Problems in the Monitoring of Distributed Safety Parameters of Objects in the Technosphere

Metrological aspects of the monitoring of distributed safety parameters of objects in the technosphere are discussed. Amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of the spectra of the spatial distribution of monitored parameters are presented for various sensor positioning schemes. A comparative analysis is made of the effect of the density and uniformity of sensor positioning schemes on the error of monitoring systems. A set of tasks is formulated for eliminating error in monitoring systems for multidimensional processes.

Display Color Gamuts: NTSC to Rec.2020

Modern color gamuts are one of the most misunderstood aspects of display metrology. Here, we will examine the usefulness of the still widely referenced 1953 NTSC gamut and also compare accurately colorized gamuts in the 1931 and 1976 CIE color spaces.

МЕТРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ СУДЕБНО-БАЛЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

МЕТРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ СУДЕБНО-БАЛЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

Monitoring technique for catalytic waste treatment by acoustic emission parameters

The work objective is to study issues of determining the hydrogen peroxide concentration. The task is to evaluate metrological aspects of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Alongside with a standard permanganatometric (analytical) method of determining the hydrogen peroxide concentration, a fairly new technique of the acoustic emission is considered. A new methodology of the problem solution developed by the authors is presented. The study has found that the hydrogen peroxide catalytic decomposition reaction is characterized by a strongly marked transient process at the initial stage. Further, the total number of pulses uniformly increases, and then the hydrogen peroxide concentration gradually decreases. The proposed method of monitoring the acoustic emission parameters shows high informativity and sensitivity. It is found that the spread in the experimental values obtained by the two methods is identical - 5 - 6% of the measured value.

Metrological aspects of activity of medical laboratories within the standard DSTU EN ISO 15189:2015

The current issues of metrological assurance of clinical diagnostic laboratories accounting the requirements of the standard DSTU EN ISO 15189: 2015 are considered. Some problems that frequently occur in laboratories are highlighted, especially traceability of measurements classifying diagnostic equipment, correctness of calibration procedures, internal quality control using Shewhart (Levey-Jennings) control charts etc., and recommendations are provided to address these problems.

Incoming quality control of coal products and claims management. Metrological aspects

On the basis of the newest metrology concepts formed around the term “uncertainty” and introduced by RMG 29 and GOST P 54500.3 standards, it is the first time when metrological models used in GOST 10742, GOST 27379 and ISO 13909—all devoted to coal sampling, are studied from uniform positions. Ways for effective income quality control and claims management regarding modern mechanical samplers are considered.

Forensic-metrological considerations on assessment of compliance (or non-compliance) in forensic blood alcohol content determinations: A case study with software application

Blood alcohol concentration is the most frequent analytical determination carried out in forensic toxicology laboratories worldwide. It is usually required to assess if an offence has been committed by comparing blood alcohol levels with specified legal limits, which can vary widely among countries. Due to possible serious legal consequences associated with non-compliant alcohol levels, measurement uncertainty should be carefully evaluated, along with other metrological aspects which can influence the final result. The whole procedure can be time-consuming and error-generating in routine practice, increasing the risks for unreliable assessments. A software application named Ethanol WorkBook (EtWB) was developed at the author's laboratory by using Visual Basic for Application language and MS Excel®, with the aim of providing help to forensic analysts involved in blood alcohol determinations. The program can (i) calculate measurement uncertainties and decision limits with different methodologies; (ii) assess compliance to specification limits with a guard-band approach; (iii) manage quality control (QC) data and create control charts for QC samples; (iv) create control maps from real cases data archives; (v) provide laboratory reports with graphical outputs for elaborated data and (vi) create comprehensive searchable case archives. A typical example of drink driving case is presented and discussed to illustrate the importance of a metrological approach for reliable compliance assessment and to demonstrate software application in routine practice. The tool is made freely available to the scientific community at request.

Metrological aspects of acoustic emission conditions under hydrogen peroxide decomposition monitoring

The work objective is to study the metrological aspects of the acoustic emission (AE) method as applied to the monitoring of the hydrogen peroxide decay rate. The AE changing parameter that determines the method metrological properties as a whole is selected. It is established that the process of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition causes stress waves in the local liquid volume. This leads to the formation of the acoustic signals that allow firmly control this process through the AE method. The metrological evaluation of the method implemented in two stages is analyzed. The significance of the first stage allowing for the quality relative AE-research is identified. The experiments performed have confirmed high sensitivity of the proposed method. Thus, it is possible to carry out effective relative studies of the compared processes according to the AE parameters. The acoustic emission data show that instrumental and methodological errors of the AE method in general can be significant in case of the counter conditions, and this fact can be a benchmark for future research.

Challenges and Present Fields of Action at Laser Scanner Based Deformation Analyses

AbstractDue to improved laser scanning technology, laser scanner based deformation analyses are presently widespread. These deformation analyses are no longer based on individual points representing the deformation of an object at selected positions. Instead, they are based on a large number of scan points sampling the whole object. This fact either leads to challenges regarding metrological aspects as well as regarding modeling aspects:

Measurement of human movement under metrological controlled conditions

The study and modelling of human movement requires accurate measurement of forces and of kinematic quantities, with proper control and monitoring of measurement uncertainty. The metrological aspects of such experimentation are often overlooked in the biomechanical literature. In contrast, we present here a complete measurement system that combines a double force platform with vision and inertial sensors, with some degree of instrumental redundancy, which permits a cross-validation of different measuring channels. Therefore, the system permits the characterization of a person's movement, enabling, at the same time, the verification of the acquired experimental data. Details are provided on the system and on the measurement procedure, in order that experimentation can be reproduced, if needed, in other laboratories. Then, as a test case, the experimental study of hopping is considered. Experimental results are discussed, with special focus on kinematic quantities, and system performance is discussed, by properly accounting for uncertainty issues.

Gravity field modelling and gravimetry

Abstract The summary of research activities concerning gravity field modelling and gravimetric works performed in Poland in the period of 2011-2014 is presented. It contains the results of research on geoid modelling in Poland and other countries, evaluation of global geopotential models, determination of temporal variations of the gravity field with the use of data from satellite gravity space missions, absolute gravity surveys for the maintenance and modernization of the gravity control in Poland and overseas, metrological aspects in gravimetry, maintenance of gravimetric calibration baselines, and investigations of the nontidal gravity changes. The bibliography of the related works is given in references.

The Metrology for Meteorology Conference: MMC 2014

The Metrology for Meteorology Conference: <scp>MMC</scp> 2014

Tracing radioactivity from Fukushima in the Northern Pacific Ocean

Following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, a campaign of sampling and measuring anthropogenic radionuclides in North Pacific seawater was set up. The main aim was to study natural processes using these radionuclides as tracers. Because of dilution, the activities of anthropogenic radionuclides at long range were very low and their measurement required advanced pre-concentration techniques and underground gamma-ray spectrometry. Data and metrological aspects of the measurements using HPGe-detectors are presented and discussed.

Metrological Aspects of Peak Expiratory Flow-Meters After Prolonged Use

SESSION TITLE: Pulmonary Physiology Posters SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Poster PRESENTED ON: Wednesday, October 28, 2015 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PM PURPOSE: There is scant information about the accuracy and reproducibility of the readings after prolonged use of mechanical peak expiratory flow-meters (PEF-meters) for monitoring of large airway function, both for clinical research purposes and routine management of asthma. The aim of this study was to test the reliability of peak expiratory flow (PEF) values measured with PEF-meters that have been used a prolonged period (two devices of five different types) using a clinical calibration procedure. METHODS: Five types of adult PEF-meters were tested before (new devices) and after a period of use of several years: Assess-Healthscan (8 years), Mini-Wright-Clement Clarke (7 years), Vitalograph-Vitalograph (5 years), PocketPeak-Ferraris (3 years) and Truzone-Monaghan (2 years). Comparisons with values from a Lily pneumotachograph (PT) (Pneumoscreen - E. Jaeger, Germany) were performed. In the first series of comparisons every PEF-meter was connected downstream in series with the PT and the same subject performed 40 partial to maximal forced expiratory maneuvers (MFEM), during a period of 160 minutes. In the second series of comparisons 30 adult patients performed randomized MFEM on each PEF-meter and on the PT, during a period of 30 minutes. RESULTS: ANOVA analysis revealed some differences in the accuracy of the different PEF-meters before and after a prolonged using period: the closest agreements to the PT before were Truzone and Mini-Wright, and after Assess and Mini-Wright. The best reproducibility for the before and after using period values was obtained in Assess and PocketPeak. CONCLUSIONS: The period for using of PEF-meters in a good conditions is much longer than that usually accepted and the replacement of PEF-meters should be restricted to cases of physical damage or obvious malfunction. Our results don't involve in any way the brand name of PEF-meters because we have the possibility to assess only two devices from every PEF-meters type and the number is statistically too small to characterise the brand name of PEF-meter type. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings proved that PEF-meters can be used safely a longer period than expected, if their maintenance is flawless. DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Paraschiva Postolache, Octavian Petrescu, Floarea Mimi Nitu, Roxana Maria Nemes No Product/Research Disclosure Information

Measurement of anthropogenic radionuclides in post-Fukushima Pacific seawater samples

Abstract Following the accident at the Daiichi Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011, a vast number of Pacific seawater samples from many locations far from Fukushima have been collected by Japanese investigators. Due to dilution, the activities of radionuclides from North Pacific seawater samples are very low, which calls for extraordinary measures when being measured. This study focuses on the metrological aspects of the gamma-ray spectrometry measurements performed on such samples in two underground laboratories; at HADES (by JRC-IRMM in Belgium), and at Ogoya (by Kanazawa University in Japan). Due to many samples and long measurement times, all available HPGe detectors needed to be employed. In addition to single coaxial detectors, this involved multidetector systems and well detectors. Optimization of detection limits for different radionuclides and detectors was performed using Monte Carlo simulations.