Aspects Of Life Research Articles

Brief interventions 2.0: a new agenda for alcohol policy, practice and research

BackgroundAlcohol problems are increasing across the world and becoming more complex. Limitations to international evidence and practice mean that the screening and brief intervention paradigm forged in the 1980s is no longer fit for the purpose of informing how conversations about alcohol should take place in healthcare and other services. A new paradigm for brief interventions has been called for.Brief interventions 2.0We must start with a re-appraisal of the roles of alcohol in society now and the damage it does to individual and population health. Industry marketing and older unresolved ideas about alcohol continue to impede honest and thoughtful conversations and perpetuate stigma, stereotypes, and outright fictions. This makes it harder to think about and talk about how alcohol affects health, well-being, and other aspects of life, and how we as a society should respond. To progress, brief interventions should not be restricted only to the self-regulation of one’s own drinking. Content can be orientated to the properties of the drug itself and the overlooked problems it causes, the policy issues and the politics of a powerful globalised industry. This entails challenging and reframing stigmatising notions of alcohol problems, and incorporating wider alcohol policy measures and issues that are relevant to how people think about their own and others' drinking. We draw on recent empirical work to examine the implications of this agenda for practitioners and for changing the public conversation on alcohol.ConclusionAgainst a backdrop of continued financial pressures on health service delivery, this analysis provokes debate and invites new thinking on alcohol. We suggest that the case for advancing brief interventions version 2.0 is both compelling and urgent.

Representation of british social and political life in audiovisual content

Representation of british social and political life in audiovisual content

Decolonizing Impact Through the Culture-Centered Approach to Health Communication: Mobilizing Communities to Transform the Structural Determinants of Health

ABSTRACT In this issue, we outline the central tenets of the culture-centered approach to health communication. What does the culture-centered approach address when suggesting the co-creation of voice infrastructures? What is the theory’s methodological emphasis for mobilizing and transforming structures that shape health inequalities for communities at the margins? Drawing on examples of culture-centered interventions in over fifty communities spread across 17 countries and three continents, a large number of them housed under the umbrella of the Center for Culture-centered Approach to Research and Evaluation (CARE) at Massey University in Aotearoa, New Zealand, we articulate the communicative processes (referring to actionable sources and targets of communicative action) that shape the building of voice infrastructures mobilizing toward structural transformation. For instance, African American communities organizing under the framework of the culture-centered approach, documented in Dutta, Collins, and colleagues study in 2019, discuss the building of voice infrastructures where community members participate in co-creating heart health information based on comparative effectiveness research, building an African American media ecosystem disseminating the information alongside community-led initiatives growing healthy food, community-led youth activities, and activism addressing the racist structural drivers that adversely impact African American heart health. In this essay, we describe the impact of culture-centered interventions reflected in the voice infrastructures within communities that witness and articulate the oppressions that threaten human health at the margins and in the transformations of these structures that organize various facets of life and livelihood at the global margins linked to health.

Exhibitions of Art Works from Private Collections of Kazan in the Second Half of 19th — Beginning of 20th Century

The article uses the example of Kazan to reveal the process of organizing and holding exhibitions of artworks from private collections in the Russian pre-revolutionary province. Addressing this topic, which has not been sufficiently studied in the history of Russian art, is relevant because it expands the understanding of the phenomenon of exhibition activity, which is one of the most important aspects of artistic life in Russia. The source base of the present study is the catalogues of four exhibitions of paintings from private collections held from 1873 to 1916, as well as publications in the Kazan press of this period. The peculiarities of the organizational process, selection and exposition of works, and the owners of the works are revealed. It is established that the exhibitions were of charitable nature: their proceeds were directed either in favour of the starving or poor, or in favour of Russian soldiers. The main collectors of art works in Kazan in the second half of the 19th century were predominantly landed gentry and university professors (who came from the families of personal nobles and officials). By the early 20th century, representatives of individual merchant families also had significant art collections. The exhibited works represented the whole variety of genres, but they were dominated by landscapes and portraits, primarily family portraits, suitable for decorating mansions. Catalogues allow us to conclude that local collectors of the second half of the 19th century were primarily interested in foreign art (masters of the Italian, Flemish, Dutch, Belgian, German and French schools, mainly of the 17—18 centuries), as well as (to a lesser extent) Russian academic painting (from V.L. Borovikovsky and D.G. Levitsky to D. Zakharov) and itinerant painters (I.I. Shishkin, N.A. Yaroshenko). By the end of the 19th century, the vector of collectors’ preferences shifted towards contemporary Russian art (works by Makovskys, I.E. Repin, etc. were collected), and collecting works by local artists (K.V. Bardou, L.D. Kryukov, R.A. Stupin, N.I. Zeblov, etc.) began to develop as a special direction.

Participation in mainstream community groups by older United States adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A multiple case study

ABSTRACT Background Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities want to be included in all aspects of community life, but social inclusion continues to be very limited. Method We used a qualitative multiple case study to describe the experiences and perspectives of four older workers or retirees with intellectual and developmental disabilities aged 45 to 63 who each participated in a different socially inclusive community group. Results Three themes emerged: finding a good match; support for participation; and the outcomes of participating in a mainstream community group. A good match included both the group's activity and the people in the group. Support came from family, disability service provider staff, and the members of their group. The person's own attitudes and abilities also supported their participation. Inclusion in mainstream community groups led to a sense of belonging and other beneficial outcomes. Conclusions Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities can successfully participate long term in mainstream community groups.

Educational Perspectives: Knitting Togetherness and Influencing the Mindset of Social Society

This research discusses an educational perspective that focuses on togetherness and the influence of society's mindset. There is an increasingly rapid development of the times with all forms of global change that are increasingly widespread and felt in all aspects of life. This study reveals that Indonesia has many different cultures, including likes, races, customs, and certain religions. This requires something to be made into a guideline so that divisions do not occur due to these differences.

Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Hindu dan Budi Pekerti Pada Jenjang SMP di Kabupaten Bangli

Education is one aspect of life that receives extra attention for the progress of a nation. Indonesia is no exception, which is currently still making great efforts to improve the quality of its education. One of the efforts that has been made by Indonesian people is to implement a new curriculum called Merdeka Curriculum. However, as long as its existence, there were still many schools and teachers who need guidelines to implement it optimally. Based on these problems, it was very appropriate to conduct a study with the title Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Learning Hindu Religious Education and Ethics at the Junior High School level in Bangli Regency. The aim of this research was to describe the implementation of Merdeka Curriculum in the learning planning stage, learning implementation stage, and learning evaluation stage. Through qualitative research methods with a descriptive naturalistic approach. The results of the research showed that, firstly, at the learning planning stage, the form of implementation of the Merdeka curriculum is carried out in several ways, including: 1) Holistic deepening of Merdeka curriculum, 2) Selection of the independent option to change as a reference for Merdeka curriculum, 3) Preparation of teaching modules based on Merdeka curriculum , 4) Preparing a variety of teaching materials, 5) Preparing a variety of learning media, and 6) Designing formative and summative assessments. Second, at the learning implementation stage, the implementation of Merdeka Curriculum is carried out in several ways, including: 1) Providing initial diagnostic assessments to determine student diversity, 2) Implementing differentiated learning, 3) Applying the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model, and 4) Application of Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Discovery Learning (DL) learning models. And thirdly, at the learning evaluation stage, the form of implementation of the Merdeka curriculum is carried out by implementing a combination of formative and summative assessments.

Pengembangan Kurikuklum Merdeka Belajar di Era Society 5.0

The Society 5.0 era is marked by rapid technological progress, which demands changes in various aspectsof life, including education. The Independent Learning Curriculum is a new policy launched by the Ministry ofEducation, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) as an effort to answer these challenges. Thiscurriculum provides freedom for educators and students to develop their potential optimally. It is equally known thatthe curriculum is the "soul" of education. The curriculum should be evaluated dynamically and periodically,especially in response to current developments in science and technology. The curriculum is also designed takinginto account the competencies needed by society and graduates. The independent learning curriculum is one of thenew policies of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia(Kemendikbud Ristek RI) which aims to create an innovative learning process that meets the needs of students(student center). The Society 5.0 era occurred in the 21st century, which is the heyday of the digital world. The 21stcentury learning model also requires students to master critical thinking, communication, collaboration andcreativity skills. This research uses document analysis methods. The results of this research explain the developmentof an independent learning curriculum in the era of society 5.0.Keywords: Kurikulum Merdeka, Merdeka Belajar, Era Society 5.0

The essence of the concept of social inclusion of the city and its significance in ensuring the national security of the state

Ukraine, as a country, is in the process of constant development and transformation, facing a number of important social, economic and security challenges. One of these challenges is ensuring equal opportunities and accessing the social resources for all sections of society. In this context, the concept of social inclusion comes to the fore to become an important tool for promoting the sustainable development of cities and the entire country. Social inclusion involves the creation of conditions under which every person, regardless of their origin, gender, age, physical condition or other personal characteristics, can take an active part in all spheres of society. The implementation of this approach to the development of cities is especially relevant in modern Ukraine, where there are numerous challenges in the form of lack of access to infrastructure, medical care, housing and other services for certain social groups. The implementation of the concept of social inclusion is now widely recognized as important and not just good practice. The recent impact of the global pandemic, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the Russian-Ukrainian war have further emphasized the need to implement the concept of social inclusion in the development of Ukrainian cities. Promoting the development of social inclusion in cities requires a deep understanding of its essence, the factors affecting it, and the mechanisms of public administration involved. The work determined that the theory and methodology of public management of the development of social inclusion in cities in the science of public administration is not sufficiently formed. The existing scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists testify to the existence of different approaches to public management of the development of social inclusion. The essence of social inclusion was highlighted as the creation of a fair and accessible urban environment where all people, regardless of their origin or characteristics, can actively participate in the social, economic and cultural aspects of urban life. Social inclusion emphasizes the need to overcome structural barriers, discrimination and inequality to promote inclusive cities and ensure the social security of the state.

Moving Towards Mobility Justice: Challenges and Considerations for Supporting Advocacy

In response to climate change and continued urbanization, urban transportation systems around the world are undergoing transitions to promote lower-emission vehicles, public transit, biking and walking. However, mobility is a complex issue that raises important questions of social justice as a result of its connections to numerous aspects of everyday life and the broader social and political contexts. Drawing on interviews with transportation advocates across Canada, we identify four ways in which the design and use of existing mobility tools and technologies perpetuate mobility injustices, and deepen the divide between urban planners and the public. Looking across these arguments, we note path-dependence in transportation knowledge infrastructures as a common barrier to mobility justice advocacy that can be difficult to recognize or overcome. Finally, we consider tactics that research in HCI and CSCW might pursue as part of efforts to unsettle path-dependence and reorient transportation planning towards mobility justice.

Formations of force network and softening of amorphous elastic materials from a coarsen-grained particle model

Amorphous materials, such as granular substances, glasses, emulsions, foams, and cells, play significant roles in various aspects of daily life, serving as building materials, plastics, food products, and agricultural items. Understanding the mechanical response of these materials to external forces is crucial for comprehending their deformation, toughness, and stiffness. Despite the recognition of the formation of force networks within amorphous materials, the mechanisms behind their formation and their impact on macroscopic physical properties remain elusive. In this study, we employ a coarse-grained particle model to investigate the mechanical response, wherein local physical properties are integrated into the softness of the particles. Our findings reveal the emergence of a chain-like force distribution, which correlates with the planar distribution of softness and heterogeneous density variations. Additionally, we observe that the amorphous material undergoes softening due to the heterogeneous distribution of softness, a phenomenon explicable through a simple theoretical framework. Moreover, we demonstrate that the ambiguity regarding the size ratio of the blob to the force network can be adjusted by the amplitude of planar fluctuations in softness, underscoring the robustness of the coarse-grained particle model.

SEXISM IN FLANNERY O'CONNOR'S “WISE BLOOD”

This research paper aims to explore the theme of sexism, particularly within Flannery O'Connor's novel “Wise Blood”. Historically, societies have upheld a patriarchal structure where men were considered the standard while women were viewed as exceptions. For instance, Aristotle famously asserted that women were inferior to men but superior to slaves, elevating men as the epitome of human perfection. Despite progress over time, deep-seated prejudices against women have persisted, manifesting in various forms such as sexual harassment and domestic violence. Consequently, sexism permeates multiple aspects of life, not confined to any single domain. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in women's educational attainment, with more females attending college and graduating with degrees in traditionally male-dominated fields like the sciences. However, despite these advancements, disparities persist, with fewer women pursuing careers in areas such as science and academia. Numerous factors contribute to perpetuating sexism, including societal expectations surrounding motherhood and family commitments, early socialization patterns that shape interactions between genders, institutional barriers within certain fields, and even conjectures rooted in biological differences. This paper endeavors to examine these multifaceted aspects of sexism in both literature and contemporary society.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0787/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

An Islamic “Theory of Justice” commentary on consumer well-being

PurposeIn this paper, the philosophy of John Rawls, known as “Justice as Fairness,” is discussed. This philosophy examines the responsibilities social actors hold toward their societal organizations. From an Islamic perspective, justice is pivotal in safeguarding collective interests, aligning with Rawls' conviction that just societies nurture happiness and foster well-being across various life aspects. To achieve customer welfare, our viewpoint underscores the importance of justice in reflecting on consumer well-being from both Rawls’ theory and Islamic perspectives.Design/methodology/approachWe adopt a conceptual approach where secular views of Rawls’ “Theory of Justice” are merged with the Islamic view, resulting in novel insights regarding the hermeneutics involved in the notion of justice and the preservation of consumer well-being.FindingsOur analysis reveals that John Rawls' “A Theory of Justice” aligns with the Islamic perspective in several respects yet diverges in others, notably in the concepts of pre-creation consciousness and divine guidance. These distinctions are emphasized in our paper.Originality/valueOur paper presents a perspective on justice founded on the concepts of the “Original Position” and the “Veil of Ignorance.” The commentary explores consumer well-being by integrating Rawls' principles with an analysis that elucidates the role justice plays in enhancing societal welfare.

The Association Between Stuttering Burden and Psychosocial Aspects of Life in Adults.

Stuttering is a speech condition that can have a major impact on a person's quality of life. This descriptive study aimed to identify subgroups of people who stutter (PWS) based on stuttering burden and to investigate differences between these subgroups on psychosocial aspects of life. The study included 618 adult participants who stutter. They completed a detailed survey examining stuttering symptomatology, impact of stuttering on anxiety, education and employment, experience of stuttering, and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. A two-step cluster analytic procedure was performed to identify subgroups of PWS, based on self-report of stuttering frequency, severity, affect, and anxiety, four measures that together inform about stuttering burden. We identified a high- (n = 230) and a low-burden subgroup (n = 372). The high-burden subgroup reported a significantly higher impact of stuttering on education and employment, and higher levels of general depression, anxiety, stress, and overall impact of stuttering. These participants also reported that they trialed more different stuttering therapies than those with lower burden. Our results emphasize the need to be attentive to the diverse experiences and needs of PWS, rather than treating them as a homogeneous group. Our findings also stress the importance of personalized therapeutic strategies for individuals with stuttering, considering all aspects that could influence their stuttering burden. People with high-burden stuttering might, for example, have a higher need for psychological therapy to reduce stuttering-related anxiety. People with less emotional reactions but severe speech distortions may also have a moderate to high burden, but they may have a higher need for speech techniques to communicate with more ease. Future research should give more insights into the therapeutic needs of people highly burdened by their stuttering. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25582980.

Creed, Meaning, and Social Organization in Christian Imagery in Tunja, Colombia

In this article, we delve into the role of religious images in the doctrine, worship, and social fabric of Catholic faithful in Tunja, Colombia. As a city steeped in colonial heritage, Christianity has become deeply ingrained in both spiritual and cultural aspects of life. The text explores the intricate relationships between believers and sacred images, reflecting on how the imagery encapsulates, while representing, forms of cohesion and social identification mediated by devotional and organizational experiences. It also presents ethnographic and historical references focusing on the experiences of devotion of members of brotherhoods and devotional groups, particularly their involvement in processions and religious celebrations within the city's historic center. As a result of these public activities with the images, there is a binding association between believers and imagery that extends beyond the religious realm, influencing various aspects of collective life. The article discusses two key processes: the borrowing and extraction of images from religious sites, and the significance attributed to these images by believers outside the ecclesiastical institution, extending their value and meaning to guild and organizational processes that are also part of the faithful’s lives and social values.

Socio-educational strategies plan for the development of psychomotor skills in early childhood edu-cation students

The development of psychomotor skills allows students to demonstrate movement skills, knowledge and social relationships that strengthen the personality of the individual. The purpose of the study was to propose a plan of socio-educational strategies for the development of psychomotor skills in early education students of the Sewarare 1200 kindergarten, located in Mexico. It was configured within a quantitative paradigm, of a descriptive-projective type, with a transversal non-experimental design, with a sample of 47 students and 4 teachers, to whom a questionnaire structured in two parts was applied. The results showed that initial education teachers in the area of Physical Education have moderate and low knowledge in the management of socio-educational strategies. While the students demonstrated a moderate and low level of psychomotor competencies. Hence the need to propose a plan of socio-educational strategies for the development of psychomotor skills in students which offers elements of experiences, adaptation to space, relationship with others, bringing rewarding and healthy emotions, essential for the future performance of the learner in the different facets of life, besides being a pedagogical tool to help teachers to contribute and improve their school practice. Key words: Learning, didactic activities, sensory coordination, physical education, movements.

The Impact of Transfer Pricing on the Company’s Image. Implications in Audit Work

In an economy strongly marked by globalisation, transfer pricing is at the top of the agenda of taxpayers, tax authorities and regulatory bodies, with its influence manifested primarily in the fiscal area, respectively in the correct determination and proper allocation of the corporate tax base between different jurisdictions or between companies operating within the same jurisdiction. However, transfer pricing transcends the fiscal problematic and significantly influences other aspects of a company's life, one of which is the image reflected in the annual financial statements, including cash flows or financial performance indicators, and through their analysis, the investment decisions of potential users of accounting information. Transfer pricing is, therefore, also a reference point in the audit work carried out at the level of companies part of national or multinational groups and involved in significant intra-group transactions, as compliance or noncompliance with the arm’s length principle directly influences the way in which different elements of income, expenses, results, assets, equity or liabilities are reflected or not in accordance with the true and fair view principle and thus, ultimately, the audit opinion. National and international auditing standards provide recommendations and guidance on how to deal with transfer pricing issues as part of audit engagements, reflecting a continuing concern by professional bodies to develop best practices in this area.

Religion and Loneliness: Investigating Different Aspects of Religion and Dimensions of Loneliness

This study explores the relationship between religiosity, spirituality, and loneliness in the United States, using the 2018 General Social Survey to assess their interactions against a backdrop of declining traditional religious affiliation and a rise in “spiritual but not religious” identification. It examines religion and spirituality’s capacity to counteract loneliness, a condition with significant health implications. The analysis uncovers complex relationships between aspects of religious life and loneliness, showing no mitigating role of spirituality when controlling for other factors, with complex and varied negative relationships of religious service attendance and self-rate religiosity to different aspects of loneliness. Yet, any potentially protective effect of religion varies, with minority religious groups reporting feelings of increased loneliness. These findings underscore religion and spirituality’s nuanced roles in emotional well-being, indicating that their benefits (or not) against loneliness are complex, varied, and depend on the aspect of religion or loneliness observed, along with non-religious factors. The paper contributes to the literature on societal loneliness, changing religious and spiritual engagements, and highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to explore the role of religion and spirituality in understanding loneliness specifically, and personal and social well-being more generally.

İNGİLİSLƏRİN MİLLİ XARAKTERİNİN FƏRQLİ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİNİ ƏKS ETDİRƏN ATALAR SÖZLƏRİ VƏ DEYİMLƏRİN TƏSNİFATI

The Classification of the Proverbs and Sayings Reflecting Distinctive Features of National Character of the English People Summary The article deals with the classification of the proverbs and sayings reflecting distinctive features of national character of the English people. The proverbs are fixed statements in which simple and popular words are used to reflect the deep truth, and are generalization of experience in everyday life. The proverb is a crystallization of human wisdom, embodied in the language, is declared “a national mirror” or “a lively finding of the language”. The contents of proverbs comprise all aspects of public life. In definite sense, as an important component the proverbs have become an encyclopedia for people to understand their life and regulate their behaviour. They reflect the culture, customs and traditions of people. Key words: The English People, National Character, Distinctive Features, Proverbs, Sayings, Classification

Everyday Life in the Tropics

Swedish emigration to the US during the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century is well documented by historians and statisticians, but this is not the case with Swedish emigration to Cuba, which is largely unknown. This article introduces the project Everyday Life in the Tropics: The “Forgotten” Swedish Immigrant Colony in Bayate, Cuba and the results of its initial fieldwork at the former colony of Bayate and its surroundings in November 2022. The objective of this work was to initiate documentation of the material remains of the Bayate colony, which flourished from 1905 to 1920 and was finally dissolved in the 1930s, through a survey of the remains of buildings and other structures and investigating the extent and nature of these for future research. It is stressed that the areas inside and outside the nucleus of the colony hold huge potential for further archaeological investigations/excavations, and for studying the social and material aspects of the everyday life of the colonists, through the combination of historical, archaeological, anthropological and botanical evidence. It is also possible to focus on the colonists’ construction of identities due to their cross-cultural interactions with Cuban society, and on how these eventually led to social and material continuity or change.