Aspects Of Interaction Research Articles

Design and Development of a Multimedia Reading Application for Pre-schoolers as a Foundation in the Area of TVET

The greatest time for this is during early childhood schooling, when children are just beginning to become aware of their job options and form an imagination about the careers, they are interested in. In order to prepare pre-schoolers for their future employment, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) aims to expand their knowledge and skill sets. Technology development also aids in these preschool students' knowledge and skill development in preparation for their future employment, particularly in TVET. At this preschool stage, their reading skills is essential for learning the TVET sector since it aids in their understanding of the subject that piques their interest. Yet, there are a number of reasons why they can struggle to read, including a lack of prior book experience, speech or hearing problems, and a lack of phonemic awareness. This design and development research (DDR) methodology was chosen to assist pre-schoolers in learning to read as a foundational skill in the field of TVET. The researcher focused on the development of multimedia applications for the teaching and learning process using a quantitative approach through ADDIE Model instructional design. The researcher used a random sampling technique to select three academic staff members with the required TVET educational credentials. This sample includes two academics with experience and skill in multimedia creation, as well as a preschool teacher from an appropriate educational institution, so the feedback gained is adequate to obtain precise comments and points of view. Data were acquired and assessed using frequency and percentage values based on a checklist form that was given. To facilitate data analysis, each item is categorised, and frequency information is quantified as a percentage. Professionals who believe that this multimedia application is useful as one of the self-learning mediums have responded favourably to the study's findings about how this multimedia application functions in terms of assisting pre-schoolers in learning to read from the aspects of content design, interaction, and interface. The study's conclusions can be used as a guide by anyone, especially when it comes to encouraging pre-schoolers’ TVET growth.

Some aspects of interaction between the state and civil society: constitutional and legal characteristics

Some aspects of interaction between the state and civil society: constitutional and legal characteristics

Atypical dynamic trust learning in individuals with high autistic traits in a multi-round trust game with multiple trustworthiness cues

BackgroundUnderstanding the trust-building process, especially in contexts requiring the integration of multiple trustworthiness cues, is a fundamental aspect of social interactions among individuals with high autistic traits (ATs). It can offer valuable insights into the social functioning of these individuals. MethodParticipants with high and low ATs (N = 120; 30 in each group for two experiments) completed a 10-round trust game that embedded various trustworthiness cues, including reputation, advice (Experiment 1 = direct advice; Experiment 2 = social-emotional advice), and reciprocity. Linear mixed-effects models with investment rates as the dependent variable were used to analyze the data. ResultsMethodologically, the experimental results elucidated the fundamental characteristics of dynamic trust formation within the context of multidimensional trust information. Furthermore, High-AT individuals showed assigned less weight to reciprocity but relied heavily on reputation, and exhibited maladaptive advice-taking. Unlike low-AT individuals, high-AT individuals did not adaptively reduce reputational effect over rounds. ConclusionsOur findings highlight the unique challenges faced by individuals with high ATs when navigating complex social interactions.

Physical aspects of epithelial cell-cell interactions: hidden system complexities.

The maintenance of homeostasis and the retention of ordered epithelial cell self-organization are essential for morphogenesis, wound healing, and the spread of cancer across the epithelium. However, cell-cell interactions in an overcrowded environment introduce a diversity of complications. Such interactions arise from an interplay between the cell compressive and shear stress components that accompany increased cell packing density. They can lead to various kinds of cell rearrangement such as: the epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell state transition; live cell extrusion; and cell jamming. All of these scenarios of cell rearrangement under mechanical stress relate to changes in the strengths of the cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion contacts. The objective of this review study is twofold: first, to provide a comprehensive summary of the biological and physical factors influencing the effects of cell mechanical stress on cell-cell interactions, and the consequences of these interactions for the status of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion contacts; and secondly, to offer a bio-physical/mathematical analysis of the aforementioned biological aspects. By presenting these two approaches in conjunction, we seek to highlight the intricate nature of biological systems, which manifests in the form of complex bio-physical/mathematical equations. Furthermore, the juxtaposition of these apparently disparate approaches underscores the importance of conducting experiments to determine the multitude of parameters that contribute to the development of these intricate bio-physical/mathematical models.

The evolution of reproductive characters: an organismal-relational approach

This paper delves into the character concept as applied to reproduction. Our argument is that the prevailing functional-adaptationist perspective falls short in explaining the evolution of reproductive traits, and we propose an alternative organismal-relational approach that incorporates the developmental and interactive aspects of reproduction. To begin, we define the functional individuation of reproductive traits as evolutionary strategies aimed at enhancing fitness, and we demonstrate how this perspective influences the classification of reproductive characters and modes, the comprehension of shared traits as resulting from conflicts of evolutionary interest between individuals, and the explanation of reproductive diversity. After outlining the shortcomings of this framework, we introduce an organismal-relational approach grounded in evolutionary developmental studies of reproduction. This view provides a revised classification for reproductive characters and modes and offers a new understanding of interorganismal traits that takes into account their inherently relational nature. Lastly, we present the research agenda that emerges from this approach, which addresses the core explanatory gaps left by the adaptationist perspective, including the explanation of reproductive homologies and homoplasies, the developmental constraints associated with the evolution of reproductive modes, and the evolvability of reproductive characters.

Strong Finals: A prosodic feature projecting ‘more to come’ in a Danish urban dialect

Abstract This article presents structural and interactional aspects of Strong Finals, a prosodic feature characterised by lengthening, increased volume, and non-falling intonation on word-final syllables. Interactionally, Strong Finals support five types of action: listing, projecting a description, stating conditions, asking questions, and announcing reported speech. In general, Strong Finals project that there is more to come, and this ‘more’ may in some cases be provided by either participant. Strong Finals are often found in multi-speaker settings, where they assist speakers in taking the floor or changing the topic. The article’s descriptions are based on recordings of natural spoken interaction in linguistically diverse areas in Aarhus, Denmark. Here, a new urban dialect has developed like other urban dialects that have been described in Copenhagen and other North Germanic cities. Strong Finals are a local phenomenon, however, and are not found in the Copenhagen studies.

Deep scene understanding with extended text description for human object interaction detection

Human–object interaction (HOI) detection plays a pivotal role in scene understanding, enabling the identification, localization, and behavioral intention prediction of humans and objects within a visual scene. Conventional approaches, such as graph-based networks, have demonstrated effectiveness in capturing spatio-temporal interaction cues. However, relying solely on visual information within these networks limits their ability to comprehensively grasp the intricate aspects of human interactions. To address this shortcoming, we propose a novel deep scene understanding graph network that harnesses the power of extended text descriptions to represent and interpret interactions between humans and objects effectively. Text serves as a rich source of information, directly conveying the nature of interactions within a visual scene. Our model seamlessly integrates text descriptions with visual features extracted from the entire video sequence, enabling it to capture the context and nuances of human–object interactions. This approach significantly enhances the model’s ability to accurately predict ambiguous human actions and anticipate future interactions. Extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets, CAD-120, and Something-Else, demonstrate that our proposed method achieves remarkable improvements in the F1-Score for both HOI detection and anticipation tasks. This work paves the way for more accurate and comprehensive HOI understanding in various real-world scenarios, highlighting the potential of text-augmented graph networks for effective interaction modeling.

Pengaruh Empathy Response, Anonymity, dan Customization terhadap Customer Trust pada Chatbot Customer Service Tokopedia

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has grown rapidly in customer service, including AI chatbots. Tokopedia has adopted an AI chatbot for customer service, but there are still many users who do not trust it because it lacks reliability. This study aims to examine the effect of AI chatbot dimensions on customer trust in Tokopedia, focusing on the variables of empathy response, anonymity, customization, and interaction. This research is quantitative using descriptive and causal methods, involving 437 Tokopedia user respondents through structured questionnaires. Data analysis using the SEM-PLS model with SmartPLS. The results show that empathy response, anonymity, customization, and interaction have a positive and significant influence on customer trust. In addition, empathy response, anonymity, and customization also have a positive effect on interaction. The suggestion for Tokopedia is to improve the quality of chatbots in providing empathetic responses, such as greeting users, appreciating, and validating their problems. Innovation in the aspects of empathy response, anonymity, customization, and interaction is also important. Future research could explore additional factors that influence customer trust as well as the mediating or moderating effects of certain variables.

Re-identifying farmland carbon neutrality gap under a new carbon counting and the framework of regional interactions in China

The farmland ecosystem, with its numerous material cycles and energy flows, is an important part of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. Focusing on the carbon neutrality of farmland is meaningful for mitigating global warming and serving national low-carbon strategies. This study enriches the carbon accounting items of farmland and establishes a new research framework to check the carbon neutrality of farmland from the aspect of regional interactions and, subsequently, the inequality among China's provinces. The results revealed that there is still a great gap in the capability of China's farmland to reach carbon neutrality, with a gap value of up to 10,503 × 104 t C. All of the provinces presented net carbon emissions, and the per unit area carbon neutrality gaps showed spatial regularity decreasing from the coastal regions to the inland areas. Anthropogenic carbon emissions on farmland played a dominant role compared with soil organic carbon. Five provinces had reduced interior-regional carbon emissions through grain trade, and the amounts were especially high for developed regions, such as Guangdong, Zhejiang, Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu. Sixteen provinces gained external carbon emissions through trade; these were the less developed regions located mainly in the north, such as Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Xinjiang. Under regional inequality, 15 provinces added to the net amount of the carbon emissions generated in external regions, with China's megacities adding the highest percentage, especially Beijing, with 389.95 % compared with its original emissions. Inequality showed that most provinces had a moderate status. Sichuan and Hunan experienced weak advantages, and six provinces had disadvantages. Therefore, constructing compensation and trade-based rights and responsibilities traceability mechanisms is important.

Efektivitas Penghapusan Denda Administrasi Piutang Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kota Bandung

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has grown rapidly in customer service, including AI chatbots. Tokopedia has adopted an AI chatbot for customer service, but there are still many users who do not trust it because it lacks reliability. This study aims to examine the effect of AI chatbot dimensions on customer trust in Tokopedia, focusing on the variables of empathy response, anonymity, customization, and interaction. This research is quantitative using descriptive and causal methods, involving 437 Tokopedia user respondents through structured questionnaires. Data analysis using the SEM-PLS model with SmartPLS. The results show that empathy response, anonymity, customization, and interaction have a positive and significant influence on customer trust. In addition, empathy response, anonymity, and customization also have a positive effect on interaction. The suggestion for Tokopedia is to improve the quality of chatbots in providing empathetic responses, such as greeting users, appreciating, and validating their problems. Innovation in the aspects of empathy response, anonymity, customization, and interaction is also important. Future research could explore additional factors that influence customer trust as well as the mediating or moderating effects of certain variables.

Beyond balance: The role of the Vestibular system in action recognition

BackgroundAction recognition is a fundamental aspect of human interaction. This process is mediated by the activation of shared sensorimotor representations during action execution and observation. Although complex movements involving balance or head and trunk rotations require vestibular signals for effective execution, their role in the recognition of others' actions is still unknown. ObjectiveTo investigate the causal involvement of the vestibular system in the discrimination of actions performed by others and whether this is influenced by motor familiarity. MethodsIn a single-blind design involving 25 healthy participants, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) was administered during an Action Discrimination Task (ADT), in which videos of actions categorized as vestibular/non-vestibular and familiar/unfamiliar were presented. Following each video, participants were required to identify the climax of the previously viewed action between two image options, using a two-alternative forced choice paradigm. The ADT was performed in active and sham GVS conditions, with left or right anodal montages. Response Times (RTs), Accuracy, and subjective motor familiarity were recorded for each action category. ResultsIn sham GVS condition, an overall familiarity effect was observed, where RTs for familiar actions were faster than RTs for unfamiliar ones, regardless of vestibular engagement (p < .001; ηp2 = .80). Conversely, under active GVS, a selective interference of the identification of vestibular familiar actions was observed compared to sham. Specifically, GVS prolonged RTs for recognizing familiar vestibular actions (p = .004, d = .59) while concurrently enhancing visual sensitivity (d’) for the same actions (p = .03, r = .21). ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the contribution of the vestibular system to action recognition. GVS disrupted the sensorimotor representation of vestibular actions and led to increased reliance on an alternative processing system focused on visual analysis of limb positions. This dissociation provides valuable insights for future investigations into the complex relationship between vestibular signals and cognitive processes involved in action identification, essential for developing innovative GVS interventions, particularly for individuals with sensorimotor or vestibular disorders.

Protein-phenolic interactions and reactions: Discrepancies, challenges, and opportunities.

Although noncovalent interactions and covalent reactions between phenolic compounds and proteins have been investigated across diverse scientific disciplines, a comprehensive understanding and identification of their products remain elusive. This review will initially outline the chemical framework and, subsequently, delve into unresolved or debated chemical and functional food-related implications, as well as forthcoming challenges in this topic. The primary objective is to elucidate the multiple aspects of protein-phenolic interactions and reactions, along with the underlying overwhelming dynamics and possibilities of follow-up reactions and potential crosslinking between proteins and phenolic compounds. The resulting products are challenging to identify and characterize analytically, as interactions and reactions occur concurrently, mutually influencing each other. Moreover, they are being modulated by various conditions such as the reaction parameters and, obviously, the chemical structure. Additionally, this review delineates the resulting discrepancies and challenges of properties and attributes such as color, taste, foaming, emulsion and gel formation, as well as effects on protein digestibility and allergenicity. Ultimately, this review is an opinion paper of a group of experts, dealing with these challenges for quite a while and aiming at equipping researchers with a critical and systematic approach to address current research gaps concerning protein-phenolic interactions and reactions.

Research On the Application of Augmented Reality Technology in Cultural and Creative Products: Taking the Imperial Palace Calendar as An Example

In the context of Internet +, many emerging technologies are widely used in the field of cultural and creative products. Because of its interactive experience, fun and entertainment, function extension and other technical characteristics, augmented reality technology has become a bridge linking virtual and real world, and has brought a new idea for the innovation and development of cultural and creative products. Its advantage lies in the realization of real-time interaction, three-way registration, virtual reality interaction and other functional characteristics, so that cultural and creative products have the advantages of multi-dimensional information, user selective transmission, virtual reality interaction, improve product experience, break time and space restrictions, and expand product functionality. It has met the diversified and personalized consumption needs of consumers, and has become an important way for the innovation and development of cultural and creative products, subverting the development mode of traditional cultural and creative products. This paper analyzes the advantages of augmented reality technology in the application of cultural and creative products by taking the cultural and creative products of Beijing Palace Museum - the Palace Museum calendar as an example. This paper discusses how to use augmented reality technology to enhance the experience of cultural and creative products, including thematic, interactive and cultural aspects. Through in-depth exploration of cultural connotation and creative expression, we can create unique and attractive cultural and creative products, meet the needs of modern consumers, and promote the protection and inheritance of traditional Chinese culture.

Emphasizing the Social in Social Emotion Regulation: A Call for Integration and Expansion.

The Future of Affective Science Special Issues illuminate where the field of Affective Science is headed in coming years, highlighting exciting new directions for research. Many of the articles in the issues emphasized the importance of studying emotion regulation, and specifically, social emotion regulation. This commentary draws on these articles to argue that future research needs to more concretely focus on the social aspects of social emotion regulation, which have been underexplored in affective science. Specifically, we discuss the importance of focusing on social goals, strategies and tactics, and outcomes relevant to social emotion regulation interactions, more closely considering these processes for all individuals involved. To do so, we draw on research from neighboring subdisciplines of psychology that have focused on the social aspects of interactions. Moreover, we underscore the need to better integrate components of the process model of social emotion regulation and approach empirical inquiry more holistically, in turn illuminating how piecemeal investigations of these processes might lead to an incomplete or incorrect understanding of social emotion regulation. We hope this commentary supplements the research in the special issues, further highlighting ways to advance the field.

What Drives Deep Reader Engagement with Socially-Generated Content? The Critical Role of Dual-Layer Information

Social media platforms have rapidly gained popularity due to features such as personalized recommendations and real-time push notifications, attracting a large number of creators to produce content. However, with the explosive growth of content and information overload, readers’ expectations for content and interaction quality have increased, making it increasingly difficult to engage them deeply. This poses management challenges to the platform’s ecosystem, such as high visitor volume but low retention rates. This study, leveraging the latest GPT technology, provides a more scientific approach to content metrics and a detailed exploration of interaction categories to examine the impact of information, authors, and interactions on reader engagement behavior. It particularly considers the effects of internal and external layers of social-generated content and different levels of reader engagement. Combining real community data, it is found that the impact of content information is the most crucial, with this impact being distributed across content and interaction aspects. It is suggested that social media platforms should strive to balance vivacity and informativeness when producing content. Additionally, the role of content, authors, and interactions varies across different product categories, so differentiated strategies should be employed accordingly.

Integration of Culture and Language in Learning to Develop Aspects of Early Childhood Social Emotional Interaction.

The social and emotional growth of young children is significant for fostering empathy, communication, and social interaction. However, education in schools often ignores the linguistic and cultural components around children, thereby hampering the development of some parts of their social-emotional relationships. The ngumbai lawok tradition is one of the cultures of Lampung's coastal communities in appreciating marine products which can be integrated with language to improve children's social and emotional development using image media. This research aims to find out how early childhood learning that combines Ngumbai Lawok language and culture using image media can influence the formation of social and emotional relationships in early childhood. This research methodology is an action research design that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques. The research subjects are children aged 3-6 years at the early childhood education institution in Batanghari sub-district, East Lampung. Data is collected through observations, instructor interviews, questionnaires, documentation to measure children's social and emotional growth, and records of social-emotional development activities. Data analysis includes quantitative and qualitative to compare changes in children's social and emotional development before and after intervention. Research shows that the Numbai Lawok language and culture combined with image media can improve children's ability to interact socially and emotionally. The use of image media helps children understand the cultural concepts of Numbai Lawok and stimulates their language development, and children show improvements in aspects of cooperation, empathy, and communication. This research concludes that the integration of local culture and language with visual media is effective in improving the social emotional skills of young children.

A REVIEW ON HOLISTIC WELLNESS AND SUCCESS: LEVERAGING PRAKRITI FOR PERSONALIZED DIET AND CAREER GUIDANCE

Ayurveda, an eternal science with absolute principles, identifies Prakriti as a fundamental concept that influences every aspect of a person's interaction with their environment from conception to death, including lifestyle and diet. Prakriti, which reflects the body's nature in terms of dosha, is determined at conception based on the predominant dosha and remains constant throughout life. It governs an individual's physical and mental traits, with seven distinct types according to the Tridosha. People with specific Prakriti types show biological variations in structure, function, behaviour, response to environmental stimuli, and disease susceptibility. The prevalence of disorders related to diet has been increasing significantly in recent times, and this trend can be attributed to a variety of factors. Career guidance plays a crucial role in helping individuals navigate their professional paths. It involves providing advice, support, and information to assist people in making informed decisions about their career choices, development, and transitions.

Cognitive load associated with speaking clearly in reverberant rooms

Communication is a fundamental aspect of human interaction, yet many individuals must speak in less-than-ideal acoustic environments daily. Adapting their speech to ensure intelligibility in these varied settings can impose a significant cognitive burden. Understanding this burden on talkers has significant implications for the design of public spaces and workplace environments, as well as speaker training programs. The aim of this study was to examine how room acoustics and speaking style affect cognitive load through self-rating of mental demand and pupillometry. Nineteen adult native speakers of American English were instructed to read sentences in both casual and clear speech—a technique known to enhance intelligibility—across three levels of reverberation (0.05 s, 1.2 s, and 1.83 s at 500–1000 Hz). Our findings revealed that speaking style consistently affects the cognitive load on talkers more than room acoustics across the tested reverberation range. Specifically, pupillometry data suggested that speaking in clear speech elevates the cognitive load comparably to speaking in a room with long reverberation, challenging the conventional view of clear speech as an ‘easy’ strategy for improving intelligibility. These results underscore the importance of accounting for talkers' cognitive load when optimizing room acoustics and developing speech production training.

The complement system: A key player in the host response to infections.

Infections are one of the most significant healthcare and economic burdens across the world as underscored by the recent coronavirus pandemic. Moreover, with the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand host-pathogen interactions to design effective treatment strategies. The complement system is a key arsenal of the host defense response to pathogens and bridges both innate and adaptive immunity. However, in the contest between pathogens and host defense mechanisms, the host is not always victorious. Pathogens have evolved several approaches, including co-opting the host complement regulators to evade complement-mediated killing. Furthermore, deficiencies in the complement proteins, both genetic and therapeutic, can lead to an inefficient complement-mediated pathogen eradication, rendering the host more susceptible to certain infections. On the other hand, overwhelming infection can provoke fulminant complement activation with uncontrolled inflammation and potentially fatal tissue and organ damage. This review presents an overview of critical aspects of the complement-pathogen interactions during infection and discusses perspectives on designing therapies to mitigate complement dysfunction and limit tissue injury.

Some aspects of adsorption, catalytic and photocatalytic interactions of organic dyes with TiO2-based binary nanocomposites

Some aspects of adsorption, catalytic and photocatalytic interactions of organic dyes with TiO2-based binary nanocomposites