Aspects Of Instrumentation Research Articles

COUNSELING SYSTEM INTEGRATED ON THE WEB UNIT COUNSELING SERVICES FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATIC ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, STATE UNIVERSITY MAKASSAR

The aim of this research is to produce an integrated counseling information system on the web of the counseling service unit of the department of informatics and computer engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Makassar State University and find out the results of system testing using ISO 25010 with 8 testing aspects. This research is a type of software design research (software development) and uses a prototype design model with stages: gathering requirements, building a prototype, evaluating the prototype, coding the system, testing the system, evaluating the system, and using the system. The subjects of this research were students from the Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering, Makassar State University. Data collection instruments were carried out through validation test sheets, student response questionnaires, and system expert assessment instruments. The results obtained from this research are: (1) Functional suitability of the system created is 100% "Acceptable" criteria. (2) Performance efficiency obtained a result of 83.0% in the grade B "Good" category. (3) Usability obtained a percentage of 89% 98 respondents with the criteria "Very Good". (4) Compatibility shows that the system is made compatible with browsers so that it is expressed properly without causing problems. (5) Security obtained a grade of A+ "Very Good" in terms of security and no dangerous viruses were found on the system. (6) Reliability obtained as a percentage of 100% so it can be concluded that it meets the reliability aspect. (7) Maintainability obtained from the instrumentation, consistency and simplicity aspects can be categorized as good and meets the standards. Portability shows that the system can be accessed in a variety of different browsers. Based on the test results, it was concluded that the counseling information system integrated on the web of the counseling service unit of the informatics and computer engineering department, Faculty of Engineering, Makassar State University was suitable and acceptable for use.

Integrating local solar energy and water recovery: Operating experiences of a systemic approach

Abstract The key message is the importance of a systemic approach to handling water and energy together, both in design and in operation. The paper demonstrates how renewable energy, solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal, in combination with a small nutrient removal plant, provides a reliable solution for small-scale decentralized water recovery operations. The system is automated and can operate outside the power grid and is designed to be a fully circular system in terms of both energy and water. The system has been installed on an island in the archipelago outside Stockholm, Sweden, to replace an old-fashioned septic tank. The effluent must satisfy rather strict effluent quality criteria for the Baltic Sea. The paper describes design considerations, instrumentation aspects, automation features, and operation experiences.

Flight Test Techniques - An Overview

Flight test techniques towards performance, handling qualities, stability and control are brought out. Hazardous flight conditions are covered. Instrumentation aspects are highlighted. Data reduction and some flight evaluation cases are addressed. Airframe structural performance under different conditions of flight test are explained. Fault tolerant flight control system testing is brought out. Features related to online development of restructurable and reconfigurable control laws are highlighted.

Technical Recommendations of Interface for Safety and Security Aspects of NPP Instrumentation and Control Systems in Indonesia

Instrumentation and control (I&C) systems are crucial in ensuring the safe operation of power reactors. New and modern nuclear facilities commonly use digital I&C systems. However, the application of digital technologies within I&C systems has made these systems vulnerable to cyber-attack. Literature study shows that cyber-attack is one of the threats that could occur at any time in the lifetime of the I&C system. Indonesia regulates cyber security and interface of safety and security through BAPETEN Chairman Regulation (BCR) number 1 of 2009 on Nuclear Installation Physical Protection and BCR number 6 of 2012 on Design Provision of Computer-Based Important Safety System on Power Reactor. The provision related to interface safety and security against cyber-attack has a significant gap compared to IAEA Requirements and Internationals practice. Therefore, this paper tries to identify technical recommendations for BCR number 1 of 2009 and BCR number 6 of 2012 related to the interface of safety and security and cyber security in the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) I&C system using IAEA requirements and international practice. The paper concludes that some technical recommendations must be added to BCR 1 of 2009 and BCR 6 of 2012. These recommendations are required in establishing cyber security program, integrating a cyber-security program with physical protection system, implementing control networks with reduced interconnectivity, implementing defense-in-depth as an essential concept in designing the NPP I&C system, developing a highly integrated protection system platform that utilizes FPG, and integrating passive safety system into the safety system. Keywords: cyber-attack, safety and security interfaces, instrumentation and control system

The New HELLRIDE at the Vacuum Tower Telescope

A better understanding of the processes involved in the energy transport across the solar atmosphere (e.g., jets, waves) demands more effort towards the observations. Hence, existing instruments may need to be upgraded to gain additional capabilities. To this effect, we conceive an upgrade for the HELioseismic Large Regions Interferometric DEvice (HELLRIDE) instrument at Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) to enable the recording of the magnetograms. We present the instrumentation aspects of this development consisting of integrating a liquid crystal-based dual-beam polarimeter with the existing instrument, compatible new hardware and software with the improved operating scheme, and the first observations to verify its functionality. The new HELLRIDE now observes a field of view of 90^{prime prime } times 90^{prime prime } in four spectral lines, two chromospheric spectral lines in spectroscopy mode and two photospheric spectral lines in spectropolarimetry mode, with a cadence of 40 seconds. The increased complexity of the system, as well as the data, calls for the creation of a rigorous data processing pipeline, which is currently under development.

Development of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for India’s First High Temperature Superconducting Cable Testing

High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) based power cable is a technological marvel which can transmit bulk power over large distances without any joule heating as compared to a conventional copper cable, owing to its zero DC resistance in superconducting state. However, to maintain this superconducting state, the cable must be at a temperature below its critical temperature under self-field. Commonly used HTS material includes BSCCO (Tc = 110 K) and YBCO (Tc = 93 K) and thus, requires cryogenic liquid nitrogen (77 K) for attaining superconductivity. Further, the voltage drops across the various joints such as joint box and current leads in the termination unit must be monitored to ensure optimal operation of the cable. This demands for sophisticated instrumentation operating under extreme low cryogenic temperatures for safe operation, performance monitoring, cryogenic measurements, and control of the HTS power cable cryogenic process. This paper presents the instrumentation scheme followed for testing India’s first 6-meter HTS power cable. The instrumentation scheme involves housing of the various temperature sensors and location of voltage tapping, current measurement, cryogen flow measurements, operation of control valves, operation and measurement of high vacuum system, stray field measurement, insulation resistance measurement and dielectric measurements for cable are the important parameters for the successful operation of HTS power cable. To perform data logging NI-DAQ and LabVIEW software was used to develop in-house Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. This paper discusses intrinsic aspects of complete instrumentation and developed SCADA system for HTS power cable.

A Survey of Basic Instrument Components Used in Spectroscopy, Part 4: Instrument Services and Testing

In this Part 4 survey article describing instrument services and testing, we look into spectroscopy electronics, including printed circuit board (PCB) design and manufacturing, a description of spectroscopy instrument design services, a summary of instrument testing services, and a description of the firmware and software aspects of instrumentation. This is the final installment of our four-part instrument component survey series. As promised, we have published tutorial articles, and posted the The Spectroscopy Instrument Components Terminology Guide. We hope our readers found these articles helpful for our “under the hood” look into spectroscopy instrumentation.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

For solid-state materials, the electronic structure is critical in determining a crystal’s physical properties. By experimentally detecting the electronic structure, the fundamental physics can be revealed. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful technique for directly observing the electronic structure with energy- and momentum-resolved information. Over the past few decades, major improvements in the energy and momentum resolution, alongside the extension of ARPES observables to spin (SpinARPES), micrometre or nanometre lateral dimensions (MicroARPES/NanoARPES), and femtosecond timescales (TrARPES), have led to important scientific advances. These advantages have been achieved across a wide range of quantum materials, such as high-temperature superconductors, topological materials, two-dimensional materials and heterostructures. This Primer introduces the key aspects of ARPES principles, instrumentation, data analysis and representative scientific cases to demonstrate the power of the method. We also discuss the challenges and future developments. The physical properties of a solid-state material depends on its electronic structure, which can be studied using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). This Primer introduces the ARPES technique and describes how different variants can be used for applications including superconductors, topological materials and two-dimensional materials.

Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry: Developments and Applications for Enantioselective Analysis from 2011-2020.

It is now more than 25 years since the first report of enantioselective analysis by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) appeared. This article reviews the power of chiral CE-MS in resolving issues on the use of chiral selector incompatibility with MS and poor detectability encountered for chiral compounds by UV detection. The review begins with the general principles, requirements, and critical aspects of chiral CE-MS instrumentation. Next, the review provides a survey of MS-compatible chiral selectors (CSs) reported during the past decade, and the key achievements encountered in the time period using these CSs. Within the context of the strategies used to combine CE and MS, special attention is paid to the approaches that feature partial filling technique, counter-migration techniques, and direct use of CS, such as molecular micelles. In particular, the development and application of moving and fixed CS for EKC-MS, MEKC-MS, and CEC-MS demonstrate how various chiral compounds analyses were solved in a simple and elegant way during the 2010–2020 review period. The most noteworthy applications in the determination of chiral compounds are critically examined. The operating analytical conditions are detailed in the Tables, and the authors provide commentary on future trends of chiral separations by CE-MS.

An experimental analysis of the cooling constant computation

This work presents the design of an inexpensive electronic system to measure water temperature and generate an experimental data set used to verify the fitting between experimental and theoretical curves of a water-cooling process. The cooling constant is computed with three different theoretical methods to check their efficiency and this approach allows the association of theoretical and experimental aspects of physics, mathematics and electronic instrumentation, which can motivate interesting discussions in the classroom.

Quantitation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra at Earth's Magnetic Field.

The inherently quantitative nature of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most attractive aspects of this analytical technique. Quantitative NMR analyses have typically been limited to high-field (>1 T) applications. The aspects for quantitation at low magnetic fields (<1 mT) have not been thoroughly investigated and are shown to be impacted by the complex signatures that arise at these fields from strong heteronuclear J-couplings. This study investigates quantitation at Earth's magnetic field (∼50 μT) for a variety of samples in strongly, weakly, and uncoupled spin systems. To achieve accurate results in this regime, the instrumentation, experimental acquisition, processing, and theoretical aspects must be considered and reconciled. Of particular note is the constant field nuclear receptivity equation, which has been re-derived in this study to account for strong coupling and quality factor effects. The results demonstrate that the quantitation of homonuclear molecular groups, determination of heteronuclear pseudoempirical formulas, and mixture analysis are all feasible at Earth's magnetic field in a greatly simplified experimental system.

Time Flow Study to Assess Opportunities to Improve Efficiency in Endoscopic Tympanoplasty.

BACKGROUNDTo characterize the workflow during transcanal totally endoscopic tympanoplasty by recording the time and instrumentation used for different steps in the procedure. This analysis aims to identify aspects of instrumentation and surgical technique that could be modified to improve surgical efficiency.METHODSThirty-one endoscopic tympanoplasty procedures were observed at a single academic center. Patient age ranged from 2.7 to 17.8 years. The procedure was separated into distinct steps. The duration in minutes and the instruments used were recorded by an independent observer.RESULTSRaising the tympanomeatal flap (median 9.82 minutes) and positioning the graft and replacing the flap (median 9.13 minutes) took significantly longer than all other steps (P > .05, Wilcoxon method). Teaching a trainee significantly increased step duration by a total of 32.8 minutes (P > .05, Wilcoxon method). There was no correlation between age of the patient, side of the ear, surgical technique, or graft type, and duration of surgery. Suction instruments with a functional tip (dissector or knife tip) were most commonly used to dissect and maneuver soft tissue while maintaining the surgical field clear of blood.CONCLUSIONAs elevation of the tympanomeatal flap and graft placement are the most time-consuming steps in endoscopic tympanoplasty, especially for surgical trainees, surgical efficiency could most dramatically be enhanced by modification of instrumentation or technique to facilitate these steps. Modification of simpler steps such as hair trimming and ear canal packing have less potential for shortening surgical duration.

Rancang Bangun Dan Pengujian Kualitas Aplikasi Web E-Recruitment Berdasarkan ISO/IEC 9126 Pada Suatu Perusahaan Pembiayaan Di Indonesia

This research aims to design, create, and test the quality of e-recruitment web applications at a financing company in Indonesia based on ISO/IEC 9126. Methods used in this study are Research and Development (R&amp;D) including potential identification and problems, analysis and data collection, application design, implementation, application validation, application revision, and application trials. E-Recruitment web application was created using LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP). Application quality testing based on 6 factors namely functionality, reliability, efficiency, usability, maintainability, and portability. Functionality factor was tested using black box testing. The efficiency factor was tested using GT Metrix (Yslow) and PageSpeed Insight. The reliability factor was tested using stress testing (LoadStrom, LoadImpact, and WAPT 8.1). The maintainability factor was tested based on instrumentation, consistency, and simplicity aspects. The portability factor was tested using multiple web browsers, and usability factor using Computer System Usability Questionnaire. Based on the results of the research that has been done, e-recruitment web application is able to run well with some revisions from recruitment experts and programming experts. Application test results based on ISO/IEC 9126 have met the application quality factor standards of functionality, reliability, usability, maintainability, and portability. The efficiency factor still do not meet the application quality factor standards.

Development of educational model of power compensated differential scanning calorimeter (PC-DSC)

We have developed an educational model of power compensated differential scanning calorimeter with a few modifications for the science students of academic institutions. In order to demonstrate the instrumentation and analytical aspects involved in the system, all the building blocks are constructed using local industry and are explained in detail. A few deviations from the conventional model have been attempted without compromising the basic calorimetric concept. This is done with a due consideration for cost factor and also to keep the openness in the development. The paper discusses the calibration procedure of the modified system to arrive at the on-set temperature and enthalpy of the samples. We are able to measure the onset temperature within ±1.18 °C and the enthalpy values using this proto version with an error 5%.

Search for light dark matter with NEWS-G

The NEWS-G collaboration is searching for light dark matter candidates using a spherical proportional counter. Light gases, such as hydrogen, helium, and neon, are used as targets, providing access in the 0.1–10 GeV mass range. First results obtained with SEDINE, a 60 cm in diameter detector, in the Underground Laboratory of Modane yielded a 90% confidence level upper limit of 4.4⋅ 1037 cm2 on the nucleon-dark matter interaction cross-section for a candidate with 0.5 GeV mass. Recent developments in several aspects of the detector instrumentation are presented, along with the construction of a new, 140 cm in diameter, detector with new compact shielding.

Innovating on top of I&amp;M fundamentals for safer humanitarian demining

In this paper, we explain how the requirements for rigorous, well-defined standard operating procedures, and simple, robust, inexpensive and easy-to-use detection equipment affect key aspects of instrumentation and measurement (I&M) systems applied to landmine detection in humanitarian demining. We also show how fundamental knowledge in physics and I&M, as well as industry's practical know-how (accumulated over the past decades), can be combined with new technological advancements to build devices with improved abilities to detect, characterize, classify and locate buried hazardous objects. We use a handheld metal detector as an illustrative showcase of a relatively simple, lowcost and well-established I&M technology. The challenge is to upgrade such a device with object discrimination capabilities by bringing scientific and technological innovations at three different levels: signal level, feature extraction level and feature interpretation level.

Automated Smart Quality Control of Commercially Manufactured Peltier Elements

In contemporary technological development there is a tendency to miniaturize and improve the efficiency of modern devices and information measuring systems, this trend affects not only aspects of electronic instrumentation, mechanical systems, mechatronics systems and microelectromechanics, but also systems for transfer and transformation of heat energy, accumulation and redistribution of heat fluxes, and miniaturization of cooling systems and improving the design of heat pumps. One of the contemporary ways of development of structure of heat transfer systems and transformation of thermal energy are elements based on the Peltier effect. We present the automated smart quality control system of commercially manufactured Peltier elements designed at the Department of Engineering Science and Technology of National Research Nuclear University MEPhI. The technical characteristics of our system and its functionality guarantee control and measurement of parameters of commercially available Peltier elements, production and interoperability control in the production of the elements as an electronic component base; production of precision equipment that requires the application of systems to maintain accurate temperature conditions, such as thermal imagers, laser projectors, mobile computing systems.

Glycerin Purification Process Plant System Design and Performance

Pure glycerin is normally adopted for the production of cosmetics, personal care and food industryin order to produce quality end-products. Most crude glycerin, however, contains a sticky substance and coloring materials that may affect the flavor and color of the end-product. This paper presents the design and development of the glycerin purification process plant system to purify the crude glycerin through heating process. The process system is designed and developed based on the information gathered from literature. The system architecture of the process plant is developed using industrial instrumentations and hardware system found in the laboratory. The choice of transducer and final control element used is based on the needs of the developed system. Glycerin purification is a process of removing the peroxides and the secondary products found in the crude in which the process is significantly depends on the operating temperature. In this work, the temperature control system for glycerin heating process is designed and the process controllability in terms of settling time and percent overshoot is experimented using PID controller. The results of the experiments show that the developed glycerin purification process plant system is workable and able to provide good temperature control system performance for glycerin heating process. PID controller with correct controller parameters adjustment can improve the glycerin heating process system performance. The main contribution of this paper is the development of the glycerin purification process plant system in which the system implemented is different from any of the related publications in the aspects of instrumentation and hardware system used.

Scanning Microscopy Techniques as an Assessment Tool of Materials and Interventions for the Protection of Built Cultural Heritage.

Scanning microscopy techniques have emerged as powerful scientific tools for analysing materials of architectural or archaeological interest, since the commercialization of the first scanning electron microscopy instrumentation in the early 60s. This study is aimed at reviewing and highlighting the significance of several scanning microscopy techniques employed in the protection of built heritage. The diffusion of scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (SEM-EDX) is proven to be the widest among the available scanning microscopy techniques, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) applications are steadily present in the field of built heritage protection. The building material characterization, the weathering mechanism investigation, and the development of compatible and performing conservation materials are some major research areas where the application of the aforementioned techniques is discussed. The range of techniques, along with aspects of instrumentation and sample preparation are, also, considered.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in cultural heritage.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a versatile technique that provides nearly instant elemental analysis of materials, both in the laboratory and in the field. This is done by focusing a short laser pulse on the surface of the sample, or object, studied and analysing the resulting spectrum from the laser-induced plasma. LIBS has been employed in the analysis of archaeological and historical objects, monuments and works of art for assessing the qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative elemental content of materials such as pigments, pottery, glass, stone, metals, minerals and fossils. It is also used in robotic planetary rovers. This Technical Brief describes the basic concepts of LIBS, presents relevant aspects of instrumentation and discusses how the technique is applied in the context of cultural heritage studies.