Institutional Aspects Research Articles

Recognizing and Detecting the Effectiveness of Policy Implementation Waste Management in Indonesia

The volume of waste generation in Indonesia is 65.8 million tons/year in 2018 and will continue to increase to around 70 million tons/year in 2022. To overcome this problem, the government has established several policy products, but the implementation of these policies has not been able to making Indonesia free from waste problems. This study aims to determine and detect the effectiveness of the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia for the 2019-2022 and 2023-2025 periods. This study uses qualitative methods through a literature review approach with secondary data collection techniques. The results of the study show that (1) the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia for the 2019-2022 period has not been effective because the targets and objectives of waste management have not been achieved, and the waste management system has not been optimal from the aspects of resources, institutions and law enforcement; and (2) the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia in 2023-2025 is predicted and has the potential to not be effective. This is because the targets set in the regional government's RPJMD for the 2021-2026 period are much smaller than the targets set in the Jakstranas/Jakstrada. Recommendations that can be given so that the implementation of waste management policies can be more effective is to improve the regulatory system for waste management in Indonesia through harmonization between policies.

Striking a balance? Finance perspectives on international business research

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to bridge the disciplinary divide between international finance and international business (IB) to realign academic research with business reality in which strategy and finance align to determine firms’ success or failures.Design/methodology/approachThe authors discuss theoretical differences between the fields of international finance and IB strategy that caused the fields to develop in isolation with little fertilization across disciplines. The authors review scarce interdisciplinary contributions between the fields. Finally, the authors identify complementarities that suggest fruitful avenues for future research.FindingsThe authors find a persistent disconnect between finance and strategy/IB literature that can be explained by fundamentally different aims and assumptions about the markets. While finance theory seeks to explain typical effects under functioning markets, strategy and IB theories focus inherently on exceptional effects and market inefficiencies.Research limitations/implicationsThe fundamental theoretical differences that isolate finance and strategy/IB create avenues for interdisciplinary research that harness the complementarities of the two disciplines. These include strategic aspects of capital structure, internal capital market inefficiencies, corporate governance, capital market liability of foreignness and institutional aspects of financial management.Practical implicationsWith this paper, the authors not only bring academic researchers in finance and strategy closer to corporate practice. The theoretical discussion also challenges the functional blind spots of practitioners and encourages more holistic decision-making.Social implicationsChallenging market functioning and recognizing market inefficiencies using strategy and IB foundations connects financial economics with non-market topics such as environment, society and governance or impact investing.Originality/valueThe value and originality of the paper come from the qualitative, epistemological approach to study and analyse the divide between international finance and strategy/IB scholarship.

KEPEMIMPINAN PROFETIK PADA MASA KHULAFAUR RASYIDIN

The leadership carried out by the khulafaur rashidin is a leadership model that emphasizes the internalization of prophetic values ​​exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad. and previous prophets. The purpose of writing this article is to disseminate leadership values ​​during the Rashidun Khulafaur era so that today's leaders can serve as examples. This study uses the library research method. Then content analysis is carried out as a technique in obtaining authoritative literature data. The results of this study indicate: the prophetic leadership of the caliphs Abu Bakar As Shiddiq, Umar bin Khattab, Uthman bin Affan and Ali bin Abi Talib is generosity in donating property to war fisabilillah, concern and policy for the people, amar makruf and nahi munkar, visionary in paying attention to the future of the people and being brave for the interests and welfare of the people, and the importance of implementing prophetic values ​​in leadership in aspects of government, national, social life, and educational institutions.

Brazilian public health surveillance evolution: conceptual, historical, and institutional aspects

The Brazilian National Health Surveillance Policy, established in 2018, aims to define how public health surveillance (PHS) and its fields should act in the country, becoming the main result of eight decades of institutional implementation of this public health issue in Brazil. So, to understand the conceptual, historical, and institutional progress of PHS in Brazil, 92 articles and editorials served to carry out an integrative literature review, selected by the Scielo, Redalyc, Lilacs, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases. Based on this literature, the conceptual and historical developments of the Brazilian PHS agreed with the most current ideas on the subject in the international context. However, the institutional scenario deserves attention, as it provides salient inequalities in the provision of the PHS service. Therefore, to improve this aspect, it is necessary to invest in actions on collection, information, and dissemination of data and relate them to technological and monitoring tools.

Teachers’ experience of the breakdown of infrastructures during the pandemic

This article reports on teachers’ experience of working during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis is based on a thematic analysis of group interviews with 76 teachers working throughout the Swedish school system, i.e., preschools, primary, secondary school, and municipal adult education. The interviews were conducted during autumn 2021. Conceptualizing teaching and working during the pandemic as a breakdown of infrastructures, the article focuses on how teachers talk about changes in institutional, social, technological, and pedagogical aspects of teaching and learning. The results show that changes in institutional aspects mainly concern teachers’ communication with colleagues, custodians, and school leadership. Social and pedagogical aspects are emphasized, while technological aspects are not as prominent in the teachers’ accounts. Commonly taken-for-granted aspects are brought to the fore, and their importance for teaching and learning has implications for the new normal and for what is of importance when creating future infrastructures for teaching and learning.

The Transformative Roles of Cooperative Learning in Promoting EFL Students' Writing Competence

Cooperative learning is primarily aligned with the transformative roles that it can play in responding to EFL students' writing skills. This review article investigates the personal, relational, educational, institutional, and global aspects of cooperative learning transformatively. Personal efforts to improve writing skills highlight the relevance of diverse small-scale teamwork. Individual student efforts are the gold standard for adopting coordination and teamwork. More significantly, students want to regain self-confidence by adopting socio-emotional skills that improve their collaboration and involvement. It also maintains a positive attitude and a sense of pride in the face of institutional transformation. The main reason is that institutional policy, which heavily encourages writing competence, attempts to help students develop and update their knowledge, communication, creativity, responsibility, and competence capacities. As a result, transformative learning brings together the strengths of small-scale personal, relational, educational, and institutional activities to develop networked relationships in academic communities. Furthermore, cooperative learning functions well in writing contexts to assist students in accepting democratic ideals, attitudes, and principles. Cooperative learning thus plays transformative roles while enhancing students' writing competence in global contexts to re-articulate ideas that transformational values arise through in-class writing activities that contribute to global cooperative learning.
 Keywords: Cooperative learning, Transformative Role, Writing Competence, EFL writing 

TVA and the Grass Roots at 75: The Legacy of a Planning Classic

Planning struggles with the tension between professional expertise and public voice. The approaching 75th anniversary of Philip Selznick's classic, TVA and the Grass Roots, is an apt time to revisit that tension. In Selznick's analysis, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was a modernist institution aligning with local agricultural elites at the expense of vulnerable Black and poor farmers. He coined the term ‘informal co-optation’ to characterize TVA's affiliation with the powerful. We bring renewed attention to informal co-optation and the institutional aspects of engagement by examining how Selznick's analysis was received contemporaneously, and then considering recent scholarship and the current implications of Selznick's work.

Sejarah Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Pendidikan Pada Masa Dinasti Umayyah


 
 
 
 
 
 
 This study aims to determine the history of the growth and development of education during the Umyyah Dynasty as the first dynasty as a century of expansion drifting with issues concerning conquest, consolidation and as a multinational and multicultural empire conscious of its needs. Consciously pay great attention to educational issues. So in turn this Umayyah Dynasty is able to grow the various scientific sciences that are now felt useful, especially for the European world that is able to dig and develop it. Education during the reign of the Umayyahs was more developed than in the days of Khulafur Rashidin. The most prominent development of education is on the institutional and science aspects taught. In the institutional aspects have emerged and evolved new educational institutions,And the decline and destruction of the Umayyah Dynasty was caused by many factors, its dignity was: the seizure of power between the royal family, the conflict with Shi'a and Khawarij opposition, ethnic opposition of the North Arab tribes and the South Arab tribes, the incompetence of the caliphs in leading the government and their luxurious living tendencies, the overthrow of the Bani Abbas fully supported by the Bani Hashim.
 
 
 

The impact of big five personality trait in predicting student academic performance

PurposeThe study aims to propose a predictive model that combines personality and demographic factors to predict student academic performance (SAP). This research study works on understanding, enhancing and applying techniques to enhance the prediction of SAP.Design/methodology/approachThe authors gathered information from 305 university students from Al-Zintan University Libya. The study uses a survey questionnaire to collect data on essential variables. The purpose of the questionnaire is to discover variables that affect students' academic performance. The survey questionnaire has 44 closed questions with Likert scale designs that were distributed to a variety of college students at the start of the first semester of 2022. It includes questions about demographics, personality, employment and institutional aspects. The authors proposed a predictive model to identify the main fundamental components, consisting of one dependent variable (SAP) and five independent constructs. The suggested model is tested using partial least squares (PLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM), which perform better than covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). PLS-SEM performs well with smaller sample sizes, even for complicated models.FindingsThe study results show that the proposed model accurately predicted the student's academic performance. The personality trait variables are a key factor that determines the actual student's academic performance. The student's academic performance is significantly impacted by each variable in the personality trait variables as well.Originality/valueThe process of validating research was done empirically through the accuracy and efficiency of model performance. The study differs from previous studies in that it accumulated a wide range of factors from different dimensions, including student demographics and personality trait factors. The authors developed a structural equation model to predict students' academic performance.

Meli Dwi Fadilah Pengembangan Usaha Ekspor Lidi Nipah BUMDes Bina Mandiri Muara Badak Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat Desa Muara Badak Ulu

This research is based on the background that the economic income of the people of Muara Badak Ulu Village is a micro-scale community economic activity that can be managed by the community and the village government. Factors that influence the increase in economic income of the people of Muara Badak Ulu Village are the development model of the export business of lidi nipah BUMDes fostered independently, the economic income of the community and the obstacles of SME lidi nipah which make it increase the income of the people of Muara Badak Ulu Village.This study aims to determine the development of export businesses for independent-assisted BUMDes in increasing the economic income of the people of Muara Badak Ulu Village. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The methods used in the study are observation, wawancaea, and documentation. The object in this study is bumdes Bina Mandiri in Muara Badak Ulu Village.
 The results showed that the model of developing the lidi nipah export business of BUMDes Bina Mandiri in Muara Badak Ulu Village can be seen from the form of success in helping to improve the economic standards of the community in forming a lidi nipah work program consisting of aspects of competition, resources, technology, institutions, and financial institutions. Judging from the economic income of the community in the business of lidi nipah business, it is useful to increase the standard of living of the community where the welfare of the community can provide world happiness and the happiness of the afterlife and be kept away from the evil of their creatures. Then the income generated can meet the needs of his daily life with a profit of around Rp. 20,000,000 (Twenty Million Rupiah) per year. With exports in the form of making broomsticks, mats, and so on, as much as approximately 89 tons per year. The obstacles faced by smes are volatile due to bad weather that makes the palm trees and nipah trees fail to harvest. Therefore, BUMDes helps find nipah land in other villages that are ready to be harvested so that their business can run smoothly.
 Keywords: Lidi Nipah Export Business Development Model, Community Economic Income, and Lidi Nipah SME Barriers

Judicial reform in Ukraine: the certainty of a categorical apparatus

The article highlights normative-legal and theoretical-methodological approaches to understanding the legal categories and concepts of judicial reform in Ukraine.
 It is established that the judicial reform, first of all, needs appropriate scientific support, in particular with regard to the clear definition of its subject and the development of a conceptual and categorical apparatus, given the lack of a clear regulatory and legal definition of a number of important terms, primarily such as «judicial system», «judicial authority», «justice system», «judiciary», which are repeatedly used in the development of relevant reformation provisions.
 The purpose of the article is to establish the concept of the relationship of legal categories relevant to the judicial reform through the prism of legal analysis of normative-legal and theoretical-methodological approaches to their understanding and their further development.
 It is also established that the current legislation of Ukraine does not contain a normative legal definition of such definitions as «judiciary», «judicial authority», «judicial system», «justice», «justice system», even though it actively uses them, carrying out legal regulation of relations in the field of the judiciary and the status of judges. In scientific legal literature, these terms are sometimes used without specifying their definition, given the close connection between them and meaningful interdependence, forming a synonymous line from them. Simultaneously, to comply with the subject of reformation provisions to such criteria as logic, rationality and non-contradiction, the need to distinguish between these terms has been proven, having identified the appropriate criteria for such a distinction.
 According to the results of the legal analysis of legislative and doctrinal approaches to solving this problem, the expediency of recognizing the category «justice system» as a comprehensive legal category, which will include the judicial system and the systems of other legal institutions related to the judicial authority (Public prosecutor’s office, Bar, enforcement of decisions), which functionally ensure its implementation, is substantiated. It is proposed to rename Chapter VIII of the Constitution of Ukraine to the «Justice System», given that the administration of justice requires the proper organization of judicial power, its implementation by courts and ensure by specially authorized bodies and institutions, which in their totality and interrelationships constitute the justice system, which includes institutional, functional elements and organizational aspects.

Financial system and economic development: a study for emerging countries through a system of simultaneous equations

Objective: The objective of this paper was to analyze the bidirectional relationship between financial development and economic growth for a dataset of Latin American and Asian developing countries between 2001 and 2019. Method: This research employed an empirical approach to analyze the statistical relationship between financial development and economic growth, by presenting an estimation of a system of simultaneous equations for a panel of Asian and Latin American countries using 3SLS. Main Results: The results presented in this research provided evidence that financial development does not appear to have a significant impact on economic growth, although growth appears to have a significant and positive influence on financial development. Moreover, the results also suggested that regulatory quality and domestic credit directed to the private sector have a positive effect on economic growth, while urbanization and education showed a negative influence on growth. The estimated model also indicated that urbanization has a positive influence on financial development while foreign direct investment presented a negative effect on the development of the financial sector. Relevance / Originality: Most of the research agenda on the topic of finance and growth has focused on identifying correlation or causality between these variables, with little attention given to the simultaneous relationship between them. This is still a clear gap in economic literature. Following this premise, the objective of this paper was to analyze the bidirectional relationship between financial development and growth by estimating a system of simultaneous equations using the Zellner and Theil’s (1962) 3SLS methodology. In this sense, the main contribution will be given empirically, based on data and analysis from emerging countries in Latin America and Asia. The fact that financial development has an influence on growth and growth plays a role on the development of the financial sector indicates a simultaneous relationship between these variables. Another relevant contribution is to update the debate on financial systems and economic development for emerging countries, highlighting institutional aspects and financial cycles. Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: The main contribution of this study is in the empirical strategy, whose results dialogue with part of the literature on the financial system and development presented along the text. That is, this research explored the statistical relationship between economic development and financial development for a sample composed by twenty-two Asian and Latin American emerging countries, using a simultaneous equations model.

The role of institutional and governance factors in public–private partnerships infrastructure investments in emerging economies

The overall development and sustained growth of any economy depend heavily on its infrastructure provisioning. Emerging economies are usually characterised by constrained public investments in infrastructure. Budgetary constraints of the governments are one of the major hurdles to these investments. Due to these reasons that governments of emerging economies continuously seek collaborations with the private sector for additional sources of funding infrastructure. Economies with solid institutional and governance frameworks are known to provide a conducive environment for enhanced private sector attraction in the sector. However, emerging economies face greater institutional and governance issues than developed economies, and they sometimes fall short of luring private investments in the infrastructure sector. The objective of this study is to empirically evaluate the role of institutional and governance aspects in private sector attraction in emerging economies. This study provides empirical evidence with a sample of 114 emerging economies over a period of 20 years. Various econometric estimates were developed to explore the interplay between public‐private partnership investments and governance factors. The results of the study provide an evidence of a positive association between these factors and private investments in public‐private partnership arrangements.

China’s Response Towards QUAD in the Indo-Pacific: A Paradoxical Strategy?

In response to China’s phenomenal rise in the Indo-Pacific, the United States and its allies have institutionalized the QUAD. This article seeks to critique the novel construct of ‘Harmonious Realism’ and argues that the Chinese strategy for an Indo-Pacific regional order is paradoxical in nature. This paradox entails dichotomy between China’s rhetoric and practices in its institutional, strategic and economic aspects which can be empirically corroborated by the way China relates to ASEAN, its effort to seek an alternate model of security, and ensure economic interconnectivity through the BRI—all of which is counter-intuitive to China’s rhetoric of peaceful co-existence.

Socio-economic baseline, economic feasibility study and processing activities ASGM in Obi Island, South Halmahera District, North Maluku Province, Indonesia

Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) is mining of gold deposits with simple physical and chemical characteristics using simple equipment and technology. In 2005, total mercury release in the environment in ASGM was more than twice from this sector, around 35% of total mercury, with an annual estimate at 727 tons, becoming the largest global resource of anthropogenic mercury release. In Indonesia, total mercury released to the environment is estimated at 340 metric tons per year and also among the top 3 global emitters of mercury, with 57.5% from the ASGM sector, where 60% is being emitted to air, 20% to water, and the remaining 20% to land. The location of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in this study are in Anggai village and Air Mangga village in Obi sub-district, South Halmahera district, North Maluku Province. Amalgamation has been the preferred method for treating the gold ores in both Anggai and Air Mangga Villages. The methodology provides a suggested approach for collecting and analyzing data and guidance for analyzing policy, regulatory, and institutional aspects and health aspects in the ASGM sector, mainly covering the Socio Economy ASGM research methodology. An assessment of the practicality of a proposed plan or project is also called Feasibility Study. The objective of this research was to describe the socio-economic impact and feasibility of gold processing of ASGM in Obi Island, South Halmahera district, North Maluku Province.

Entrepreneurship Ecosystem: An Appraisal of Oman Using the Ease of Doing Business Index

Today, promoting and nurturing entrepreneurship is a core component of economic development in countries around the world. Fostering entrepreneurship as an economic development strategy necessitates a suitable ecosystem termed an “entrepreneurship ecosystem”. Isenberg developed a model of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in 2011 that contains six domains: a conducive culture, enabling policies and leadership, availability of appropriate finance, quality human capital, venture-friendly markets for products, and a range of institutional and infrastructural supports. These six domains are composed of fifty specific sub-components. This study in its current form shall assess the regulatory and institutional framework aspect of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Sultanate of Oman. This assessment is done from 2012 to 2019 using the Ease of Doing Business Index published by the World Bank. It is discovered that the overall Doing Business score for Oman increased to 67.19 in 2019 from 66.79 in 2012. The study reveals that Oman has made significant progress in connection to starting a business while getting credit is still an area of concern and needs urgent intervention. This exercise helped to know the change in ease of doing business in Oman for the years under consideration and thus assessed the changes in regulatory and institutional framework aspects of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the country.

The Challenges of Nuclear Power Plant Development in Indonesia: A Case of Thorium Power Plant in Bangka Island, Indonesia

This paper discusses the challenges of nuclear power plant development in Indonesia. With a growing belief among policymakers that nuclear power could play a vital role in energy transition and diversification, it is important to analyse the process of nuclear decision-making. Drawing on the case of the development of the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR) in Bangka Island, this paper aims to understand the social, political, and institutional aspects of thorium power plant development. More specifically, this paper elaborates on public acceptance and the regulatory environment of nuclear power development. This paper is mainly based on secondary data such as official reports, online media, and relevant academic research. We argue that nuclear power development requires not only good technological and risk management capacity but also strong public trust in the government and nuclear industry through information transparency and openness.

Problematic Aspects of Influence Trading in the Context of ComparativeLegal Analysis of Georgia and European countries

The present article article examines the legal aspects of influence trading in light of the analysis of the "Criminal Law Convention on Corruption" of the Council of Europe and the legislation of several European countries. In this respect, the article analyzes the main legal framework of the act of influence peddling as defined in the Council of Europe Convention, the legal extent of its action, and the significance of its implementation in the national criminal law of each state. Thus, in this regard, the article analyzes in depth the key aspects of the trade institution under the influence of Georgia, Spain, France, Belgium, and Hungary, as well as the questions of their conformity with the Council of Europe Convention. Furthermore, in terms of comparative legal analysis, the differentiating legal characteristics of the trade institution under the impact of Georgia and the aforementioned European nations are explored.
 Influence peddling, as a form of lever for exerting undue influence on officials through personal relationships, provides a corrupt background to the extent that this behavior undermines the reputation of state institutions and the degree of trust in them in the eyes of citizens. Influence peddling is comparable to lobbying in terms of exerting influence on government officials, which is why several European nations have declined to criminalize it. Hence, the concept of interaction between influence trading and lobbying organizations is extensively investigated. Ultimately, the key legal features of influence trading were analyzed in terms of comparative legal and systematic analysis, and a clear boundary was made between the aforementioned institution and other associated legal activities such as lobbying, legal or other services, and other consulting activities.

Institutional and Normative Aspects in the Preservation of Cultural Heritage

Normative aspects in the preservation of cultural heritage imply a complex understanding and approach, insofar as this is a systemic process in which different cultural institutions acting with relevant competence and the normative framework have a role. It consists of international legal acts, such as the UNESCO Conventions, EU law - the regulations and directives and the internal law that is in accordance with them. The report covers a review of case studies related to the preservation of tangible cultural heritage: cases of dissonant cultural heritage; the case with the restitution of cultural values; cases of deregistration of tangible cultural values from the register and the philosophy of the law; legal issues in dealing with cultural property; problems of ownership of movable cultural property; the relationship of copyright and related rights to cultural heritage.

Advancing Islamic Education: Fostering Multicultural Values through the Implementation of Islamic Religious Education

This research aims to analyze the development of Islamic education by implementing the values of Multicultural Islamic religious education in madrasas. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and a case study type of research. Data collection techniques used participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model: data display, data reduction, and concluding. The research results show that multicultural Islamic education is a response to the development of population diversity in Islamic educational institutions and demands for equal rights for each group. All students, regardless of groups such as gender, ethnicity, race, culture, social strata and religion, have the right to receive the same education. Implementing Islamic religious education in developing the value of Islamic education institutions at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ihyaul Islam Pajarakan includes institutional, curriculum, and personnel aspects. This research provides implications regarding the importance of multicultural values in Islamic education, which can help increase students' awareness and understanding of cultural diversity and universal Islamic values.