Innovative Aspects Research Articles

The Impact of Digital Finance Development on Urban Carbon Emissions under the Dual Carbon Goal

Digital finance is an important tool for promoting the transition to a "low-carbon economy" in cities, and the application of digital finance can reduce carbon emissions in cities and provide a basis for the early realization of the "dual-carbon" goal. Under the background of "30-60" carbon peak and carbon neutral, the construction of international carbon trading system and system is accelerating. This project is based on the implementation of China's "30-60" dual-carbon strategy, focusing on some of the current problems faced by China, considering the impact of digital finance on urban carbon emissions, and focusing on the three aspects of technological innovation, industrial structure, and innovation effects, to conduct some attempts to explore the roles and opportunities of China's digital finance in support of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The role and opportunities of China's digital finance to support carbon peak and carbon neutralization are discussed.

Photovoltaic string fault optimization using multi-layer neural network technique

If catastrophic failures in photovoltaic (PV) arrays are not identified promptly, then the output power decreases, which is an undesirable performance and further it prompts sparking in the arrays. To prevent the damage and identification of faults in PV arrays, herein a Multilayer Neural Network (MLNN) technique is proposed. Short-circuited modules and disconnected string faults are the results of using this approach to analyze the system. The innovative aspect of this study is its flexibility, in that a long-term dataset has been employed in the proposed MLNN technique training and validation phase, and circumstances including datasets polluted with random noise have also been explored. An accuracy of 98.76 % is achieved by testing the input to the proposed MLNN on a PV system with a capacity of 2.5 kW, and the results of this testing were supplied by the results acquired. In this study, machine learning confusion matrices are employed to examine the significant number of errors present in the PV string. Faults in the PV array that are line-to-ground (L-G) and line-to-line (L-L) faults are detected, classified, and localized with the help of the proposed technique. The proposed MLNN technique requires just one current sensor to be installed for each string. However, it can identify problems in photovoltaic arrays of any size or degree of mismatch. To validate the efficacy of the algorithm, it has been subjected to stringent testing inside an experimental environment.

Analytic Hierarchy Process to Choose the Best Sector in the Software Industry for a New Software Engineer

Objectives: To determine the best area in the software industry for a fresh engineering graduate in India. Methods: Examined the current situation of the software industry today and the datasets that were gathered and included in accordance with that. Here, five alternatives (Research and Development, Mobile solutions, Cloud computing, Big data analytics, and Government and Defence) and seven parameters (Communication, Teamwork, Coding and technical literacy, Programming languages, Problem-solving skills, Research skills, and Multitasking skills) are taken into consideration. Fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods were used, and the outcomes were compared to the AHP method. Findings: Fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods have been used to produce the normalized weight vector for each alternative relative to the criterion. Additionally, a normalized weight vector has been calculated and compared to every criterion and criteria alternative. Final rankings for each alternative have been determined in relation to all of these. Novelty: The novelty of the present study is to identify the best sector of the software industry in India for a recent engineering graduate based on providing a ranking of alternatives using fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy AHP methodologies. While other strategies may be used to do similar works, the techniques listed above may not be used. Fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approaches can provide more optimal solutions, which is an innovative aspect of this study. Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Comparative analysis, Fuzzy AHP method, Fuzzy TOPSIS method, Software industry

An improved passive solar still integrated with pulsating heat pipes and phase change materials

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a novel solar still system, which was previously explored through experimental studies. The experimental results demonstrate that integrating phase change material (PCM) to store latent heat from vapor condensed on sidewalls during sunlight exposure, along with the use of pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) to recover this stored energy after sunset, and cooling the condenser sidewalls with PCM, significantly boosts the system’s efficiency from 23.7 % to 48.5 %. These innovative features, applied for the first time in a single-stage passive solar still, are thoroughly examined using a groundbreaking mathematical model. This model is the first to uniquely account for heat transfer and condensation on sidewalls and to accurately simulate the function of pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) within a passive solar still setup. By incorporating measured radiation intensity and ambient temperatures, the model applies an exhaustive energy balance, utilizing heat transfer correlations and resistances for precise temperature predictions of each component. This detailed analysis highlights the system’s innovative aspects and identifies areas for further refinement, shedding light on potential improvements and the system’s limitations. The results show a water production of 6.7931 kg/m2 and an efficiency of 52.2 %, with a discrepancy of 7.8 % compared to experimental findings. Notably, 37.6 % of the total freshwater production is derived from sidewall condensation, significantly reducing heat loss by capturing latent heat. Additionally, by reallocating 9.3 % of stored energy, the PHPs maintain the saline water temperature 6.2 degrees higher at night, thereby sustaining elevated production rates.

An Analysis on the Path of Local Application-oriented Universities and Colleges Serving Rural Revitalization Strategy from the Perspective of New Quality Productive Forces

With the in-depth implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy, local application-oriented universities and colleges should play an important role in students’ cultivation, scientific and technological innovation, social services, and other aspects. However, at present, local application-oriented universities and colleges are faced with many deficiencies and difficulties in supporting the strategy of rural revitalization. The research results show that there are some problems in local application-oriented universities and colleges, such as the lack of close connection between students’ cultivation and rural revitalization needs, weakness in scientific and technological innovation ability, and imperfection of social service mechanisms. This paper takes new quality productive forces as the breakthrough point and clarifies its connotation and characteristics. At the same time, it analyzes the difficulties of local application-oriented universities and colleges in serving the strategy of rural revitalization, to explore the corresponding solution. To provide a reference for local application-oriented universities and colleges to better support Rural Revitalization Strategy, this paper puts forward the urgent need to renew the concept and the mode of student cultivation, optimize the layout of academic disciplines, and cultivate high-level innovative undergraduates through the deep integration of production, university, and research.

Overcoming Fear and Improving Public Speaking Skills through Adaptive VR Training

This paper examines the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in training public speaking skills. The fear of public speaking (FPS) is a common problem that can have a significant impact on an individual’s professional and personal life. Traditional therapies for public speaking anxiety have been shown to be effective, but there is growing interest in the use of VR as an alternative or supplement to these therapies. This study aims to investigate the VR medium in improving public speaking skills and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying this effect. A framework was developed with the aim to investigate the possibility of improving public speaking skills through VR. Key features of this framework include the ability to adjust the audience size and alter the dimensions of the room. Additionally, it allows for the modification of initial audience behaviors. One of the innovative aspects is the inclusion of an evolving attention span in the virtual audience, adding a dynamic element to the VR experience. The framework excels in tracking various metrics in real time and has the audience react dynamically based on them. These metrics include movement and voice parameters. The system is designed to present this data as immediate feedback to the user, but also as a summary after a presentation has concluded. After an extensive two-phased testing, the results are discussed. These findings suggest that VR can be an effective means for improving public speaking skills and potentially helping in alleviating fear of public speaking.

Reform and Innovation of the Training Method of Outstanding Software Engineers under the "Six Excellence and One Top-Notch" Plan

In the face of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in the new era, China's engineering education is facing new requirements and challenges. In order to support the new development strategy of engineering education in China, the "Excellence Plan 2.0" provides an overall idea for actively exploring the engineering education system with Chinese characteristics, building a new talent training model, implementing diversified teaching methods, and building a high-level engineering education teaching team. In order to promote China's engineering education standards to the world and promote the improvement of China's engineering education status in the world, it is urgent to cultivate interdisciplinary talents with engineering practice ability and innovation ability. In view of the current situation and the main problems of the engineering talent training system in China's colleges and universities, this paper makes a preliminary analysis and reflection on the reform and innovation of outstanding engineer training from the aspects of practical teaching, reform and innovation of talent training mode, talent team construction, and school-enterprise cooperation.

Transportation Simulation Modeling and Location-Based Services Data Completion Based on a Data and Model Dual-Driven Approach

The evolving economic and technological landscape has brought about significant changes in travel behaviors and traffic patterns. These changes have led to the emergence of complex, multi-modal travel demands that interact with transportation networks, posing new challenges in transportation analysis and control. The primary objective of this study is to address these challenges by improving transportation modeling and data completeness using advanced modeling tools and transportation big data. We propose a dual-driven simulation model that integrates transportation simulation and big data. The approach begins by utilizing initial Location-Based Services (LBS) data to establish a mesoscopic multi-modal simulation model, which is then calibrated. This calibrated model is then employed to complete the missing trajectories of the LBS data. The innovative aspect of this dual-driven simulation model lies in its novel approach to constructing transportation models and completing LBS data, thereby enhancing both the simulation accuracy and the results of missing path completion. We conduct tests using the urban area of Hangzhou as an example, and the results show that the Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) between the average link speeds in the simulation model and in real world observation is reduced to 24.1%. In the LBS data completion process, our proposed method achieves a travel mode identification accuracy of 95.3% for private car travel. Compared to the two baseline methods, the average accuracy of completed trajectories increases by 6.31% and 2.46%, respectively.

Influence of Innovation and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Competitive Through Marketing Performance as Moderating

This study aims to determine the direct influence of innovation and entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage with marketing performance as a moderating variable on handicraft MSME entrepreneurs in East Jakarta and the indirect effect of innovation on competitive advantage through marketing performance, the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage through marketing performance. The research strategy used is quantitative. The population in this study are SMEs registered with the Mayor of East Jakarta. The sampling technique used was purpose sampling with data collection instruments consisting of questionnaires. The data taken is primary data. This study uses Path Analysis. The results of the study concluded that innovation and entrepreneurial orientation have a direct effect on competitive advantage through marketing performance. For the mediating effect, marketing performance is not a variable that moderates innovation towards competitiveness excellence. Nevertheless, marketing performance fully moderates entrepreneurial orientation towards competitiveness excellence. The managerial implication of these findings is that MSMEs need to pay attention not only to aspects of innovation and entrepreneurial orientation in their strategy but also to the importance of marketing performance management.

Nonlinear Analysis and Topological Approaches towards a Deep Intelligent Framework for Privacy Assurance of Autonomous IoT Systems

The proliferation of autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) systems powered by deep learning and artificial intelligence has ushered in a new era of data-driven convenience and automation. However, this innovation comes hand in hand with heightened concerns regarding data privacy. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for Privacy Assurance in Autonomous IoT Systems (PAIS), which amalgamates cutting-edge technologies and best practices to safeguard individual privacy in the era of pervasive connectivity and autonomous decision-making. The PAIS framework comprises multifaceted strategies to address privacy challenges in autonomous IoT ecosystems. It leverages advanced encryption techniques, robust access control mechanisms, and anonymization protocols to ensure data confidentiality. Moreover, differential privacy mechanisms are deployed to protect the identities of individuals within data streams. An innovative aspect of PAIS is the integration of AI-driven privacy monitoring, which constantly evaluates data for potential breaches and triggers immediate responses when anomalies are detected. Ensuring regulatory compliance is a paramount facet of the PAIS framework, as it aligns with evolving data protection regulations globally. Users are afforded control and transparency through intuitive interfaces, enabling them to manage their data usage preferences effectively. The ethical implications of AI in privacy preservation are also examined within the framework, emphasizing the importance of fairness and bias mitigation. PAIS promotes a privacy-by-design approach, where privacy considerations are integral to the inception and development of IoT systems. Regular risk assessments are performed to identify potential privacy vulnerabilities, ensuring that the framework adapts to emerging threats. Education and training programs are provided to stakeholders to foster awareness and adherence to privacy best practices.

The Financial Recovery of Region From Economic Disruptions and Resiliency of Real Estate — Construction Sector: A Case Study of Southeast Texas Economy and Real Property Values

This study examines the financial recovery of Southeast Texas post-economic disruptions, particularly focusing on the real estate-construction sector's resilience, a key economic driver in the region. It analyzes macroeconomic indicators, emphasizing the sector's role in the region's recovery. The research highlights risk management as crucial for financial resilience in real estate-construction. Three key innovative aspects include: (1) Southeast Texas historically relies on real estate-construction for economic growth, with financial stability linked to major industries. (2) Utilizing the Participatory Analysis of Risk Management (PARM) methodology, focusing on the region's real estate-construction sector. (3) Enhancing PARM results through financial valuation of residential and industrial/commercial properties in Southeast Texas, enabling longitudinal analysis and a deeper understanding of the region's financial stability and resilience. This study underscores the importance of studying the real estate-construction sector for the region's economic well-being post-disruptions.

Mentoring and protégé: Chinese study shows positive effect of mentoring and also moderating effect of mentor advice-seeking behavior

PurposeThis paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsA Chinese study revealed that mentoring had a significant positive impact on protégé career satisfaction. Additionally, the role clarity and positive affect of protégés played dual-mediating effects between mentoring and protégé career satisfaction. A particularly innovative aspect of the research was including the moderating effect of mentor advice-seeking behavior, which strengthened the positive impact of the mentoring.Originality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Analysis of the Technological Innovation and Application Prospect of Dental Chair Under the Background of Digital Transformation

With the further development of digital transformation, dental chair technology, as a key equipment in the field of oral medicine, is experiencing unprecedented technological innovation. This paper first reviews the traditional development of dental chair technology and analyzes the bottlenecks and shortcomings of existing dental chair technology. Subsequently, the article focuses on the impact of digital transformation on dental chair technology, including intelligent, networked, personalized and other aspects of technological innovation. These innovations not only improve the performance and comfort of dental chairs, but also improve the accuracy and efficiency of oral treatment. Driven by the digital transformation, the dental chair technology has a broad future development prospect and is expected to play a greater role in the field of oral medicine. This paper also discusses the potential applications of dental chair technology in future oral medicine, including telemedicine, personalized treatment, and intelligent assisted diagnosis. Finally, the paper summarizes the significance of technological innovation in the context of digital transformation, and prospects the future development trend.

Sustainable new product development based on innovative product opportunity gap for a waste to energy system: pistachio packaging

Purpose This study aims to perform innovation analysis for a product based on market, design and process dimensions. This integrated approach provides sustainability for product design and development. Design/methodology/approach A significant aspect of innovation is investigated to provide energy from the wastes collected in the reverse chain. First, the indicators related to the product opportunity gap were collected and ranked by the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. Indicators with a factor loading above 0.6 are selected and inserted into the proposed mathematical model. The proposed mathematical model was implemented in GAMS 28.2.0 to maximize energy production from waste and minimize the cost of product innovation. A case study on pistachio new packaging process innovation is investigated. Findings The results showed that in today’s competitive world where sustainability and the environment are important, the index of converting waste into energy is one of the main indicators of innovation. Consequently, flammability is extracted from the mathematical model as one of the most significant indicators leading to higher energy production with the lowest innovation cost. Originality/value New product development (NPD) is significant to sustain market share and satisfy customer needs. Different approaches are proposed to handle NPD, mostly focusing on the customer and design requirements.

Mathematical Model of the Process of Data Transmission over the Radio Channel of Cyber-Physical Systems

This article introduces a refined mathematical model to evaluate the quality of mobile radio channels within cyber-physical systems, employing the topological transformation of stochastic networks. The operation of the radio channel is conceptualized as a stochastic network, enabling the derivation of critical metrics such as an equivalent function, mathematical expectation, variance, and the time distribution function of the implemented processes. The model uses the Gamma distribution for the initial distribution functions of random variables, enhancing its analytical precision. A significant advancement of this study is the development of a comprehensive model that describes the data transmission process through phases of connection establishment, information transmission, and connection maintenance. The innovative aspect of this research lies in applying an equivalent function to a stochastic network that includes a logical “AND” node with gamma-distributed incoming branches. The stochastic network presented in the article, which includes a logical “AND” node, helps to elucidate the mechanism for obtaining an equivalent function for such networks, allowing the application area of the GERT method to be expanded. This methodological enhancement extends the previously limited scope of topological transformation methods, which only applied to exponential distribution models for the timing of branch inputs. By integrating a Gamma distribution, the model simplifies the equivalent function and reduces the computational complexity required to assess the radio channel’s quality, ensuring the accuracy needed for engineering calculations. Moreover, the proposed method requires 25–40% fewer series members than the traditional Taylor series decomposition, while maintaining comparable computational complexity for the typical series members. Furthermore, the maximum absolute error in the calculations is capped at 9 × 10−3, which is well within acceptable limits for engineering purposes. Primarily designed for radio channels in cyber-physical systems, the model’s applicability extends to wireless communications, providing a valuable tool for evaluating channel efficiency and security in the face of increasing cyber threats.

Legal perspectives on innovations and intellectual property rights

The article focuses on the legal aspects of innovations and intellectual property. The relevance of the study arises from the fact that innovations are increasingly affecting human life. At the same time, the issue of copyright is quite acute since intellectual property in the modern information space is a resource that must be protected very carefully. Therefore, the legal aspects of innovations and intellectual property require a comprehensive study. The following research methods were employed in this paper: description, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and modeling. The article describes the importance of innovations at the present stage. It defines the essence of the "innovations" concept. The authors reviewed normative legal acts representing the legal aspects of innovation. They include the Law of Ukraine "On Innovation Activity," the Law of Ukraine "On Priority Areas of Innovative Activity," the Law of Ukraine "On Priority Directions of Science and Technology Development," the Law of Ukraine "On State Forecasting and Development of Programs of Economic and Social Development of Ukraine." The role of the state in regulating innovations in the legal field is disclosed. Normative legal acts in the field of intellectual property were systematized. The DSTU 3574-97 Patent Formulary is analyzed, covering its basic provisions, the procedure for compilation and design, as well as the DSTU 3575-97 Patent Research, including its basic provisions and the procedure for conducting it. The authors also analyzed the Law of Ukraine "On Effective Management of Property Rights of Rights Holders in the Field of Copyright and (or) Related Rights," the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights," the Constitution of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, Presidential Decree No. 299/2017, the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On the Formation of the Council on Intellectual Property Issues," and the "Patent Law Agreement."

Investigating factors influencing the adoption and sustainable development of wind energy in the UAE

This research paper investigates the factors influencing wind energy adoption and sustainability in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The investigation is motivated by a research gap, as there is limited existing research on the specific factors influencing the adoption of wind energy in the UAE. Understanding these factors is identified as a crucial problem for the successful transition to sustainable energy sources in the nation. Employing a systematic review methodology, data spanning from 1999 to 2023 across six databases were collected using specified keywords. A total of 203 articles were screened, resulting in 64 selected articles. The study categorizes derived factors into technological innovation, environmental impact, grid integration, and socioeconomic aspects. Utilizing a structured methodology involving questionnaire surveys, structural equation modeling (SEM), and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses. 75 % of hypotheses were accepted, affirming significant positive relationships between technological innovation, environmental impact, grid integration, wind energy adoption, and sustainability were confirmed. While socioeconomic factors exhibit a nuanced influence, the findings underscore the UAE's remarkable progress in harnessing wind energy for a sustainable future. These findings underscore the importance of further investigating these factors and sub-factors for successfully transitioning to sustainable energy sources in the UAE.

Smart design of a high-performance seat frame for a luxury car

The design of mechanical components in recent years has been experiencing a series of innovative processes which, in addition to the classic methodologies, also support topological and structural optimization considering the product life cycle (LCA). These innovative aspects make it possible to reduce the weight of the components and the impact on the environment, both during production and during operation. The purpose of this work is to create a tool for the “intelligent design” of automotive components through optimization algorithms called “Smart Design”. The final intent is to create a multidisciplinary methodology for mechanical design that combines topological optimization techniques and product life cycle analysis. The single studies, from the creation of the CAD and the finite element analysis, up to the topological optimization and the LCA analysis, are managed by a single code generated in the Matlab® environment. The work is carried out in collaboration with Ferrari S.p.a.

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Electrochemical Properties of Nicos for Supercapacitor Application

We used an elementary hydrothermal approach to create this NiCoS nanohybrid. Analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified that the creation of this nanomaterial was successful. The material underwent cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), testing in preparation for its use as a supercapacitor electrode. The innovative aspect of this work was researching how electrodes’ supercapacitor qualities were affected by gamma-irradiation with an average energy of 1.25 MeV. The manufactured samples endured gamma radiation exposure with 5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 kGy dosages. Following 5000 consecutive cycles, the sample subjected to the most significant dose of gamma radiation exhibited the lowest charge transfer resistance, maximum stability, and highest specific capacity of 253 Cg−1. Compared to the non-irradiation sample, the gamma-ray exposed NiCoS (50 kGy) had an 85 s longer discharge duration at a current density of 0.1 Ag−1. These data indicate that gamma radiation has a positive influence on electrode performance rather than a negative one. For this reason, NiCoS may be used as an electrode material for gamma radiation medium supercapacitors.

Nanoparticle morphology and magnetic properties modified by synthesis conditions

In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized via two primary methods: (i) co-precipitation of iron (II) and (III) chloride in an ammonia solution and (ii) thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in an organic solvent. In each case, variable synthesis conditions were used (mixing, temperature, inert gas presence, time of synthesis), which significantly influenced the resulting nanoparticle characteristics, including size, size distribution, shape, and magnetic properties. By utilization of such techniques as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, we demonstrate the ability to exert control over particle growth to a considerable extent. Our findings underscore the innovative aspect of our work, revealing quantitative insights into the precise manipulation of nanoparticle properties, thus offering promising ways for tailored applications in diverse fields.