Aspects Of Empathy Research Articles

‘What’s so funny ‘bout peace, love and understanding?’ Inter-professional perspective-taking in UKHE

ABSTRACT Inter-professional perspective-taking (the ability to take the perspective of colleagues with whom one is working, but who work in a different context or role type) is an aspect of empathy, with substantial benefits in the workplace, including environments where inter-professional collaboration is required, such as clinicians and administrators. In this article, the focus is on the inter-professional UKHE context – academic and professional staff. Based on the available literature, I hypothesise that a greater understanding of the lived experience of another demographic, may be important in one's ability to take their perspective. A variety of factors or characteristics may influence the level of perspective-taking between academic and professional staff in UK Higher Education (UKHE). There is a dearth of literature on perspective-taking in the workplace (as noted in Sherf and Morrison (2020)) and this paper seeks to add to the literature available in the field. Keywords: The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis 1983) is discussed as a tool for measuring perspective-taking in the workplace. A survey of 272 academic and professional staff currently or recently working in UKHE was conducted. In this study, my findings suggest that in UKHE, inter-professional staff who understand each others' lived experience better, are more likely to take the perspective of another when they get upset.

Empathy in public relations practice of South Korea

Using a qualitative approach, this study explores the role of empathy as a critical skill that can improve public relations practice. Specifically, it investigates how South Korean public relations practitioners perceive the role of empathy based on their life and work experiences, beliefs, and feelings. This theme is considered within the context of the Korean culture of Shim-Cheong, a state focused on “we-ness,” and Cheong. The study results reveal three important aspects of empathy for public relations practitioners: 1) an empathic appraisal that allows evaluation of public emotions, 2) a sensitivity that enables detection of/predicts a change in public mood, and 3) sympathetic arousal that ensures sincere communication of empathy in a crisis. When the public perceives organizations and their issues as problematic, public affect changes from positive to negative. Empathy as capacity, intuition, and attitude allows public relations practitioners to determine when public affect has significantly changed South Koreans in the culture of Shim-Cheong. Since South Koreans tend to express positive moods more readily than negative emotions, practitioners can use an affect monitoring system to identify social trends and perform more in-depth analyses to assess contextual meanings and identify potential risks.

Эмпати чадварыг тодорхойлох асуулгын психометрик чанарыг судалсан нь

Empathy is an important skill in social communication, and a high score of empathy is associated with relationships with others, psychological well-being, and high life satisfaction. There is no methodology for studying aspects of empathy that have been translated and validated in the Mongolian context yet. In this study, we evaluate the psychometric properties of the Mongolian version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (M-IRI). The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) was translated into Mongolian following the method committee approach, and an expert panel working in their field assessed its content validity. The final version of the questionnaire was prepared and administered to 381 teenagers in four schools located in the capital of Mongolia. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the four-factor structure 18-item (M-IRI) is better than the original version 28-item. Thus, the 18-item M-IRI questionnaire demonstrates acceptable internal consistency and is a reliable measure for Mongolian adolescents.

ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PELAYANAN PADA KANTOR IMIGRASI KELAS I KHUSUS TPI NGURAH RAI

This research was conducted to analyze the level of public satisfaction with services at the TPI Ngurah Rai Special Class I Immigration Office, which was motivated by the high number of complaints and requests for information as well as the lowest rating from Google reviews among other immigration offices in Bali. The results of previous research show varying results regarding the influence of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy aspects on community satisfaction. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of service quality using ServQual (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy) on community satisfaction at the TPI Ngurah Rai Special Class I Immigration Office partially and simultaneously. This research uses descriptive quantitative methods. The total sample was 100 respondents with sampling using the accidental sampling method. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis with hypothesis testing using the t test and F test. The results simultaneously show that the variables tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy have a significant effect on community satisfaction. Partial results show that the tangible and assurance variables do not have a significant effect on community satisfaction, the empathy variable has a negative but not significant effect on community satisfaction, and the reliability and responsiveness variables have a significant influence on community satisfaction. The determination test showed that 62.9% of the variation in community satisfaction variables could be influenced by tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy variables.

Exploring the link between empathy, stress, altruism, and loneliness in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

Empathy has been associated with a range of positive outcomes, including social connection, pro-social behavior, and mental health. Nonetheless, acknowledging the multidimensional aspects of empathy, budding research indicates that sometimes empathy may precipitate negative health outcomes. In the present paper, we explore the extent to which the multidimensional aspects of empathy-as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index-may relate to the experience of increased stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examine potential behavioral moderators (altruism) and social mediators (loneliness) of any such effect. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of 2595 Danish university students and implemented linear regression analyses to determine the relationships between our key variables. In both crude and adjusted regression models, our findings indicate positive associations between the IRI subscales Fantasy, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress on self-reported stress and loneliness. Perspective Taking was marginally and inversely associated with stress but not loneliness. Altruism did not moderate these associations, but loneliness did mediate the effects of Fantasy, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress on stress. Our results emphasize the importance of conceptualizing empathy in multi-dimensional terms. Further, our study highlights the potential negative health consequences of empathy in certain settings. These results may help focus future research in this area and feed into mental health interventions.

Gender Representations, Empathy, and Gender-Based Violence Awareness Among Medical Students: A Proposal for a Specific Training Program.

In recent decades, the topic of gender differences has become central to many areas of study, including medicine. The present study explored gender differences in empathy, gender role ideologies, and gender sensitivity among medical students, highlighting significant variations that can inform medical education and training programs. The study involved 155 students (52.1% male; mean age: 22.68±2.48 years) from the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry of the University of Salerno in Baronissi, Southern Italy. Participants completed two standardized scales: the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) to assess empathy, and the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale (N-GAMS) to evaluate gender awareness. Six open-ended questions were also included in the gender-based violence representations. The ANOVA analysis reveals significant differences in scores between male and female students across the N-GAMS scales, indicating a strong role of gender in these variations. These findings suggest the necessity for further research to understand the contributing factors and inform targeted interventions in medical education. Additionally, there are significant differences in compassionate care (Factor 2) and walking in the patient's shoes (Factor 3), highlighting the substantial impact of gender on these latter aspects of empathy. These gender differences have significant implications for medical education. Training programs should be tailored to address the specific needs and characteristics of both male and female students. For example, encouraging male students to maintain their gender sensitivity while challenging traditional gender role ideologies can promote a more inclusive approach to patient care. For female students, fostering confidence in their compassionate care abilities and providing opportunities to express empathy in diverse ways can help overcome societal constraints.

‘Empathy is a Better Emotion’: The Trouble with Empathy in High Stakes English Classrooms

ABSTRACT Although interdisciplinary scholars have long debated the ethics of empathy, it continues to be widely seen as universal, prosocial, and reparative in education. Subject English, long associated with the work of producing civilised, moral and cultured students, is a critical locus for the activation of empathy. But what becomes of empathy in the high stakes senior secondary English classroom? Drawing on an in-school ethnography, the paper begins to map the ways in which empathy is activated through and around set literary texts in Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) English classrooms in Australia. In so doing, it highlights the unpredictable nature of empathy as a relation exceeding pedagogical mediation, as well as the troublesome aspects of empathy entangled with neoliberal imperatives and the interpellation of the civilised English student. Finally, it turns to the generative possibilities of an empathy unsettled – an unruly empathy.

Considering the Role of Human Empathy in AI-Driven Therapy.

Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) language models have elevated the vision of using conversational AI support for mental health, with a growing body of literature indicating varying degrees of efficacy. In this paper, we ask when, in therapy, it will be easier to replace humans and, conversely, in what instances, human connection will still be more valued. We suggest that empathy lies at the heart of the answer to this question. First, we define different aspects of empathy and outline the potential empathic capabilities of humans versus AI. Next, we consider what determines when these aspects are needed most in therapy, both from the perspective of therapeutic methodology and from the perspective of patient objectives. Ultimately, our goal is to prompt further investigation and dialogue, urging both practitioners and scholars engaged in AI-mediated therapy to keep these questions and considerations in mind when investigating AI implementation in mental health.

The association between empathy and burnout in medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundBurnout levels in medical students are higher than in other student groups. Empathy is an increasingly desired outcome of medical schools. Empathy is negatively associated with burnout in physicians. Our objective was to quantitatively review the available literature on associations between empathy and burnout in medical students, and to explore associations between specific empathy aspects (cognitive and affective) and burnout sub-dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment).MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature published up until January 2024 was undertaken in the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO databases. Two independent reviewers screened 498 records and quality-rated and extracted data from eligible studies. The effect size correlations (ESr) were pooled using a random-effects model and between-study variation explored with meta-regression. The review was preregistered with PROSPERO (#CRD42023467670) and reported following the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsTwenty-one studies including a total of 27,129 medical students published between 2010 and 2023 were included. Overall, empathy and burnout were negatively and statistically significantly associated (ESr: -0.15, 95%CI [-0.21; -0.10], p < .001). When analyzing sub-dimensions, cognitive empathy was negatively associated with emotional exhaustion (ESr: -0.10, 95%CI [-0.17; -0.03], p = .006) and depersonalization (ESr: -0.15, 95%CI [-0.24; 0.05], p = .003), and positively associated with personal accomplishment (ESr: 0.21, 95%CI [0.12; 0.30], p < .001). Affective empathy was not statistically significantly associated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization or personal accomplishment. Supplementary Bayesian analysis indicated the strongest evidence for the positive association between cognitive empathy and personal accomplishment. Response rate and gender moderated the relationship so that higher response rates and more male respondents strengthen the negative association between empathy and burnout.ConclusionGreater empathy, in particular cognitive empathy, is associated with lower burnout levels in medical students. This appears to be primarily driven by cognitive empathy's positive association with personal accomplishment.Protocol registration#CRD42023467670

Associations between alcohol consumption and empathy in a non-clinical sample: drinking motives as a moderator

People consume alcohol for multiple reasons. Negative motives are often associated with alcohol-related problems. These problems might be explained by negative effects of high alcohol consumption on empathy. Past studies have associated alcohol use disorder (AUD) with reduced cognitive and affective empathy. Few studies have focused on non-clinical samples and considered behavioral empathy. We examined the links between alcohol consumption and multiple aspects of empathy, and if these links were moderated by negative drinking motives. We collected online data of 520 unselected individuals. All completed the AUD Identification Test (AUDIT) and a Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Affective and cognitive empathy were assessed using the Empathy Quotient. Behavioral empathy was assessed by asking participants how likely they would help the person in each of 24 scenarios involving pain. Helping others in pain was positively predicted by affective and cognitive empathy. Higher AUDIT scores were associated with helping others less, particularly among participants who scored higher on drinking to cope with negative affect. People who drink more and do so to cope with negative affect appear to have less behavioral empathy. This supports the view that negative drinking motives contribute to AUD risk.

Inovasi Model Kebijakan dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Layanan Kemahasiswaan: Suatu Tinjauan Literatur

This article or writing aims to discuss or find out about a problem that arises in the literature review of thirty journals related to the quality of student services so that later a policy model or framework can be provided to answer existing problems. The problems found in the literature review are focused on public services or student services. To approach this problem, Edward's theory is used as a reference, which consists of four variables, namely those related to communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure variables. Then the data is taken or collected through literature study or analysis of the thirty journals and then analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that the Student Service Policy Model Innovation produces a model consisting of five alternative policy concepts or a mixture of public service models and public policy implementation models, namely Improving Financial Management, Development of Infrastructure and Digital Services, Improvement of Administrative Services, Improvement of Assurance and Empathy Aspects and Optimization of Library Services.

How do Children with Intellectual Disabilities Empathize in Comparison to Typically Developing Children?

Two studies were conducted to better understand how children with intellectual disabilities (ID) empathize with the feelings of others during social interactions. The first study tested hypotheses of developmental delay or difference regarding empathy in 79 children with ID by comparing them with typically developing (TD) children, matched for developmental age or chronological age. The second study examined specific aspects of empathy in 23 children with Down syndrome (DS), compared with 23 nonspecific ID children, matched for developmental age, and TD children, matched for developmental age or chronological age. An empathy task was administered to the children while their parents completed the French versions of the Empathy Questionnaire and the Griffith Empathy Measure. The first study showed that ID children showed delayed empathy development but were perceived by their parents as deficient in cognitive empathy. The second study showed that DS children were perceived as being more attentive to the feelings of others than TD children and non-specific ID children, matched for developmental age, and as having affective empathy that was similar to that of TD children matched for chronological age. These studies have drawn attention to delays or differences in different dimensions of empathy in children with ID and DS, which need to be taken into account in interventions.

Service Quality of Lubuklinggau Prison

This research aimed to determine the service quality, competency formation of officers, supervision, and motivation in Lubuklinggau Class II a Prison South Sumatra, Indonesia. The population and sample were 66 respondents from prison officers. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. Based on the results on the perception of service quality, officers have provided services in the tangible (physical evidence), reliability, response, assurance (guarantee), and empathy aspects. This is in line with the survey on the perception of service quality with a score of 1.357 or in the good category, perception of competency with a score of 1.300 meaning in a good category supported by an increasing competency due to training and opportunities to continue formal education, on the perception of supervision with a score of 1.356 meaning in good category and on the perception of motivation with a score of 1.085 meaning motivation given by managers to officers in the good category. Of the four dimensions above, the dominant score was on the service quality aspect, so it is recommended to increase the service quality for prisoners and detainees in Lubuklinggau Class II a Prison to meet the needs that have been overcapacity

RLCA: Reinforcement Learning Model Integrating Cognition and Affection for Empathetic Response Generation

Empathy is a crucial field of social science research. The current research on the dialog systems with empathy has two main limitations: 1) less adequate integration of the cognition and affection aspects of empathy for enhancing the perceptual and emotional expression abilities and 2) lack of the evaluation of the generated response at the sentence level in the training process for reducing the problem of exposure bias. Therefore, we proposed the reinforcement learning model integrating cognition and affection (RLCA) model that utilizes the RL framework integrating cognition and affection to evoke greater empathetic expression in the model. In particular, the cognitive response generator can reason commonsense information based on the user’s situation to improve the perceptual capabilities of the proposed model. Moreover, the emotional regulator can mitigate the exposure bias problem by distilling multiple emotion signals from predicted responses and imparting higher emotional intelligence to the proposed model. Furthermore, the interaction between the cognition and affection aspects helps the model to learn the features of empathic expressions in human conversation. Extensive experimental findings on a benchmark dataset indicate that the RLCA outperforms the popular baseline models of automatic metrics and human evaluations while generating more interpretable empathetic responses.

Effects of psychedelic microdosing versus conventional ADHD medication use on emotion regulation, empathy, and ADHD symptoms in adults with severe ADHD symptoms: A naturalistic prospective comparison study.

Adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often struggle with emotion regulation (ER), impacting their empathic skills and relationships. ADHD medication might not be as effective for ER issues as for ADHD symptoms. Microdosing (MD) psychedelics has shown promise for ADHD treatment and previous studies reported social-emotional benefits. Two online prospective studies investigated MD effects on ER and empathy in adults with severe ADHD symptoms across three assessments: baseline, two-, and four-week post-initiation. Study 1 examined adults initiating MD on their own (n = 233, n = 64, and n = 44) and found positive effects on ER (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and aspects of empathy (perspective-taking and personal distress). Study 2, including a control group and an ADHD symptom scale, compared individuals only MD (n = 180, n = 50, and n = 38) to individuals using conventional ADHD medication (n = 37, n = 27, and n = 28). After 4 weeks, ADHD symptoms were lower in the MD group. Only improvements in expressive suppression persisted after adding the control group. This study indicates the positive effects of MD psychedelics on ADHD symptoms and ER in adults with severe ADHD symptoms while lacking evidence for effects on empathy.

Can people empathize with offenders and victims during violent scenes? Behavioral and brain correlates of affective and cognitive empathy considering victim vs. offender perspective using the Bochumer affective and cognitive empathy task (BACET).

Empathy is defined as the capacity to resonate with others' emotions and can be subdivided into affective and cognitive components. Few studies have focused on the role of perspective-taking within this ability. Utilizing the novel Bochumer Affective and Cognitive Empathy Task (BACET), the present study aims to determine the characteristics of specific empathy components, as well as the impact of offender vs. victim perspective-taking. A total of 21 male participants (mean age = 30.6) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while watching 60 videos showing two protagonists in neutral (n = 30) or violent interactions (n = 30) thereby adopting the perspective of the (later) offender or victim. Our data show that videos showing emotional (violent) content, compared to those with neutral content, were rated more emotionally negative and induced higher affective empathic involvement, particularly when adopting the victim's perspective compared to the offender's point of view. The correct assignment of people's appropriate emotion (cognitive empathy) was found to be more accurate and faster in the emotional condition relative to the neutral one. However, no significant differences in cognitive empathy performance were observed when comparing victim vs offender conditions. On a neural level, affective empathy processing, during emotional compared to neutral videos, was related to brain areas generally involved in social information processing, particularly in occipital, parietal, insular, and frontal regions. Cognitive aspects of empathy, relative to factual reasoning questions, were located in inferior occipital areas, fusiform gyrus, temporal pole, and frontal cortex. Neural differences were found depending on the perspective, i.e., empathizing with the victim, compared to the offender, during affective empathy activated parts of the right temporal lobe, whereas empathy towards the role of the offender revealed stronger activation in the right lingual gyrus. During cognitive empathy, empathy toward the victim, relative to the offender, enhanced activity of the right supramarginal and left precentral gyri. The opposite contrast did not show any significant differences. We conclude that the BACET can be a useful tool for further studying behavioral and neurobiological underpinnings of affective and cognitive empathy, especially in forensic populations since response patterns point to a significant impact of the observer's perspective.

The Role of Empathy in Peer Relationships During Childhood and Adolescence

Empathy holds pivotal significance in fostering favorable peer engagements throughout the phases of childhood and adolescence. Although there is a large body of literature that addresses this issue, studies undertaken with children and adolescents have shown inconclusive results about the correlation between empathy and peer relationships. Various measures of peer relationships (such as peer attachment, friendships, and peer acceptability) and empathy (including affective and cognitive empathy, perspective-taking, and Theory of Mind) all contributes to challenges in reaching definitive conclusions. Hence, the association between peer relationships and empathy in children and adolescents remains unclear. Current work seeks to (a) provide an overview of how empathy is commonly conceptualised and quantified in child development and adolescent research, and (b) address pressing difficulties with empathy research in both child development and adulthood. It indicates the distinct roles played by affective and cognitive empathy in different constructs of peer interactions and prosocial behaviours. Additionally, the relationship between empathy and various aspects of peer relationships shows variation between genders and by using different measurements. We conclude by offering suggestions for future research on (a) distinguishing different aspects of empathy; (b). providing a more comprehensive framework of empathy; (c). examining the mediating role of gender in association between empathy and peer relationships.

The vocal side of empathy: neural correlates of pain perception in spoken complaints.

In the extensive neuroimaging literature on empathy for pain, few studies have investigated how this phenomenon may relate to everyday social situations such as spoken interactions. The present study used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to assess how complaints, as vocal expressions of pain, are empathically processed by listeners and how these empathic responses may vary based on speakers' vocal expression and cultural identity. Twenty-four French participants listened to short utterances describing a painful event, which were either produced in a neutral-sounding or complaining voice by both in-group (French) and out-group (French Canadian) speakers. Results suggest that the perception of suffering from a complaining voice increased activity in the emotional voice areas, composed of voice-sensitive temporal regions interacting with prefrontal cortices and the amygdala. The Salience and Theory of Mind networks, associated with affective and cognitive aspects of empathy, also showed prosody-related activity and specifically correlated with behavioral evaluations of suffering by listeners. Complaints produced by in- vs out-group speakers elicited sensorimotor and default mode activity, respectively, suggesting accent-based changes in empathic perspective. These results, while reaffirming the role of key networks in tasks involving empathy, highlight the importance of vocal expression information and social categorization processes when perceiving another's suffering during social interactions.

The association between counselor ratings of working alliance and in‐session empathy among sex offender counselors

AbstractFactors such as the therapeutic relationship and working alliance have been shown to be important predictors for client outcomes in broad counseling settings with diverse client populations. The present study used linear multiple regression analysis to explore how relational factors such as in‐session empathy and mindfulness impact working alliance when providing sex offender counseling. Results from sex offender counselor participants (N = 109) showed that the perspective taking aspect of empathy was most impactful on working alliance and that in‐session mindfulness was less impactful on working alliance.

STUDENT SATISFCATION TOWARDS SERVICE QUALITY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

Satisfaction with academic services is something that needs to be considered in order to achieve quality services that ensure student satisfaction as the main stakeholder in educational service organizationsThis study aims to see the level of student satisfaction with the service quality focusing on academic aspect. This research was conducted in the Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Medan. There are five indicators of academic service satisfaction in this study, they are Tangible Aspects, Assurance Aspects, Empathy Aspects, Responsive Aspects, and Reliability Aspects. This research method is quantitative with questionnaire data collection techniques to 689 respondents, they are students of the Economic Study Program, Business Education Study Program, Office Administration Education Study Program, and Economics Education Study Program. The results showed that student satisfaction at the Faculty of Economics both in terms of Tangible, Assurance, Empathy, Responsiveness, and Reliability, overall dominant were in the Good and Excellent categories, but with some suggestions for improving service quality within in the Department of Economics in the future