Aspects Of Vulnerability Research Articles

Presenting as a chief strategy officer: A discourse-analytical study of elite subjectivities and vulnerabilities

Do elite strategists always project powerfulness in how they talk about their strategy work? Whilst the strategy discourse literature has often assumed that those occupying senior strategy positions project strength in how they negotiate power through discourse, our findings challenge and elaborate this assumption by revealing aspects of vulnerability and powerlessness in how they talk about themselves as elite strategists. Based on the strategy discourse of 48 elite strategists around the world, our findings extend the literature at the intersection of power and subjectivity, strategy discourse, and strategy work in three ways. First, we illuminate surprising vulnerability and powerlessness in some elite strategists’ discourses about themselves, an element that goes beyond the assumption of exclusivity and influence embedded in current studies. Second, we contribute to the discursive opening up of the strategist role itself, showing how elite strategists position themselves in contrast to a variety of ‘others’ in strategy work beyond traditional hierarchies. Finally, we advance understandings on discursive competence in the strategy professional field, illuminating new ways in which its discursive competitiveness and continuity is manifest.

Panel data and descriptor for energy econometrics – an efficiency, resilience and innovation analysis

The work at hand presents a new extensive panel dataset for energy economics, econometrics and policy. The referred dataset is made of 5000 observations circa, including 6 energy economics variables and the majority of the world’s countries (n = 136), extended for 6 years (2009–2014). Data can be used for diverse energy econometrics studies, especially for socioeconomic and environmental aspects of energy innovation and efficiency investigations. The analysed data can be exploited for further analyses to improve our understanding of resilience and vulnerability aspects of the domestic industry, examined at the global scale. To this end, several databases were chosen from the IEA, the World Bank and their partners. Data were collected, cleaned, treated, harmonised and analysed to return a new panel dataset. Both the new data organisation and the descriptor can be used as tools and guidance to perform sustainability, innovation and entrepreneurial inquiries and analyses, focusing on energy economics, econometrics and development policy.

Using an Intersectional Lens on Vulnerability and Resilience in Minority and/or Marginalized Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.

Throughout the pandemic, the media and scholars have widely discussed increasing social inequality and thereby publicly pointed to often hidden and neglected forms of inequality. However, the “newly” arisen awareness has not yet been put into action to reduce this inequality. Dealing with social inequality implies exploring and confronting social privileges, which are often seen as the other side of inequality. These social constructs, inequality and privilege, are often discussed in light of vulnerability and resilience. This is particularly important in the context of the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to end the pandemic, as both constructs are discussed regarding access to healthcare, vaccination, and education and knowledge, misinformation, social resources, economic resources, and so forth. Minority and/or marginalized groups may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, resilience factors in these groups may be neglected and underreported. This narrative review aims at illustrating the specific and intertwined aspects of resilience and vulnerability in minority and/or marginalized groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this, we use an intersectional lens based on recommendations made by Moradi and Grzanka. A total of 48 articles were included in the narrative review. Most of them were commentaries focusing on social inequality, vulnerability, and/or resilience. Based on the dissection of articles at structural, systemic, and individual levels, we propose three hypothesis on vulnerability and resilience in minority and marginalized individuals and groups: (1) social inequality must be considered at a global level; inequality at a global level translates into a vulnerable context for an individual; (2) vulnerability is historically situated: vulnerability (experienced during the pandemic) is maintained and reinforced by history; (3) strength through collective (historical) hardship: vulnerability is not the opposite of resilience but may serve as an aspect of resilience. The conclusions drawn from this review show that we need to include diverse voices to advance concepts, such as vulnerability and resilience, in minority and marginalized groups. Additionally, these concepts are not necessarily in opposition to each other, but vulnerability should be understood as an integral part of resilience.

COVID-19 and small-scale fisheries in Africa: Impacts on livelihoods and the fish value chain in Cameroon and Liberia

This study explores the emerging impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on coastal small-scale fishing communities in Cameroon and Liberia, where we conducted qualitative interviews with small-scale fish harvesters, fish processors, traders, and consumers. We found that the implementation of COVID-19 safety and health protocol initiatives impacted the entire fish value chain, which contributed to social anxiety and negatively affected social well-being for those who depend on small-scale fisheries for employment and livelihoods. Fisheries in both nations saw a reduction in fish catch, widened supply and demand gap and a significant spike in fish price. Drawing on the Sustainable Livelihoods literature, we discuss how COVID-19 interacted with other existing aspects of community vulnerability and lack of capacity, despite communities finding ways to respond safely to the challenges of the pandemic. Moving forward, these small-scale fisheries will require a holistic assessment of the long-term social, ecological, and economic impacts of the pandemic. Better fish processing and storage facilities and more robust institutional structures around markets and fisheries management will improve the adaptive capacity of people in these communities, who will no doubt face future challenges related to issues such as climate change.

The influence of narcissistic vulnerability and grandiosity on momentary hostility leading up to and following interpersonal rejection.

Wide empirical support exists for 2 aspects of narcissism-grandiosity and vulnerability. Hostility is a form of interpersonal antagonism, which is considered central to narcissism broadly. Though it has often been subsumed by the concept of narcissistic grandiosity, interpersonal antagonism is associated with vulnerability as well. Rejection represents an interpersonal stressor that evokes hostility to a greater degree in those high in narcissism, with mixed evidence regarding whether it stems from threat to one's egotism (grandiosity) or low self-esteem (vulnerability). Therefore, investigating the associations between narcissistic dimensions and individuals' trajectories of hostility leading up to and following rejection may provide a basis for a more unified conceptualization. In this study, we leverage the wide range of narcissistic expression displayed in a combined sample of borderline personality disorder (N = 56) and community (N = 60) individuals who completed ambulatory assessments approximately 6 times per day for 21 consecutive days. We examine whether narcissistic vulnerability and grandiosity, as measured by NEO Personality Inventory facet combinations constructed based on the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory, moderate trajectories and overall levels of hostility surrounding self-reported interpersonal rejections. Grandiosity and vulnerability were independently positively associated with a faster rise in hostility leading up to rejection; however, greater grandiosity was uniquely associated with a greater spike in hostility at the occasion of rejection and subsequent faster recovery. These results are consistent with both the idea that grandiosity is proportionately more central to interpersonal antagonism and that antagonism serves as a bridge, connecting and reinforcing both narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Vulnerability assessments in dairy cattle farms based on individual sensitivity to heat stress.

Climate change (CC) is expected to increase temperatures and the frequency of extreme weather events, which renewed interest in heat stress (HS) effects on dairy cattle farms. Resilience is a key concept that should be considered to better understand the dairy farms exposure to HS and to combat CC-related risks. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the aspects of HS vulnerability for Tunisian dairy cattle farming systems. Historical milk test-day records from official milk recording were merged with temperature and humidity data provided by public weather stations. Firstly, different models relying in two heat load indices were applied for HS exposure assessment. Secondly, broken line models were used to estimate HS thresholds, milk losses, and rates of decline of milk production associated with temperature-humidity index (THI) across parities. Thirdly, individual cow responses to HS estimated using random regression model were considered as key measures of dairy farming system sensitivity assessment to HS. Dairy farms are annually exposed for 5months to high THI values above 72 in Tunisia. The tipping points, at which milk yield started to decline over parities with 3-day average THI, ranged between 65 and 67. The largest milk decline per unit of THI above threshold values was 0.135 ± 0.01kg for multiparous cows. The milk losses estimated due to HS in the Holstein breed during the summer period (June to August) ranged between 110 and 142kg/cow in north and south, respectively. A high HS sensitivity was proved especially in dairy farms characterized by large herd size and high milk production level. Hence, providing knowledge of dairy farms vulnerability to HS may provide the basis for developing strategies to reduce HS effects and plan for CC adaptation.

Faktor Kemudahterancaman Multidimensi bagi Kumpulan B40 di Wilayah Kelantan Selatan

Vulnerability means a sense of insecurity resulting from exposure to the threat of the effects of social and environmental changes. The inability to adapt to such changes puts external environmental pressures and uncertain risks on households and communities. The purpose of this study is to identify the multidimensional vulnerability factors of B40 households in the southern region of Kelantan. The respondents consist of 385 heads of B40 households. Data collection was conducted face-to-face through questionnaires. Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis. The results of the study found that B40 households face multidimensional vulnerability in terms of economic, social/physical and environmental vulnerabilities. The three components of economic vulnerability factors are (1) job and source of income loss, (2) rising prices and production costs, and (3) lack of capital and marketing. Meanwhile, social/physical and environmental vulnerabilities are explained by one component factor only. In conclusion, B40 households in the southern region of Kelantan need to diversify their income portfolio and not rely on one source of income only. They also need to take precautions against seasonal and environmental changes that will threaten and affect their daily activities. This study can be expanded by using other multidimensional aspects of vulnerability, such as health, market, politics, demographics and agricultural vulnerabilities. The study may also involve M40 and T20 households as respondents for future studies.

Detecting and Augmenting Missing Key Aspects in Vulnerability Descriptions

Security vulnerabilities have been continually disclosed and documented. For the effective understanding, management, and mitigation of the fast-growing number of vulnerabilities, an important practice in documenting vulnerabilities is to describe the key vulnerability aspects, such as vulnerability type, root cause, affected product, impact, attacker type, and attack vector. In this article, we first investigate 133,639 vulnerability reports in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database over the past 20 years. We find that 56%, 85%, 38%, and 28% of CVEs miss vulnerability type, root cause, attack vector, and attacker type, respectively. By comparing the differences of the latest updated CVE reports across different databases, we observe that 1,476 missing key aspects in 1,320 CVE descriptions were augmented manually in the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) , which indicates that the vulnerability database maintainers try to complete the vulnerability descriptions in practice to mitigate such a problem. To help complete the missing information of key vulnerability aspects and reduce human efforts, we propose a neural-network-based approach called PMA to predict the missing key aspects of a vulnerability based on its known aspects. We systematically explore the design space of the neural network models and empirically identify the most effective model design in the scenario. Our ablation study reveals the prominent correlations among vulnerability aspects when predicting. Trained with historical CVEs, our model achieves 88%, 71%, 61%, and 81% in F1 for predicting the missing vulnerability type, root cause, attacker type, and attack vector of 8,623 “future” CVEs across 3 years, respectively. Furthermore, we validate the predicting performance of key aspect augmentation of CVEs based on the manually augmented CVE data collected from NVD, which confirms the practicality of our approach. We finally highlight that PMA has the ability to reduce human efforts by recommending and augmenting missing key aspects for vulnerability databases, and to facilitate other research works such as severity level prediction of CVEs based on the vulnerability descriptions.

Influence of frailty on patient global assessment in rheumatoid arthritis.

Patient Global Assessment (PtGA; range 0-10 cm) is an important indicator of clinical outcomes, including physical function, in self-assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Frailty is a concept that encompasses not only physical, but also mental, psychological and social vulnerability. This study aimed to investigate the influence of frailty on PtGA in patients with RA. Among 581 patients with RA who completed a questionnaire survey on frailty between June and August 2020, 559 who completed the Kihon Checklist (KCL; a 25-item questionnaire with seven domains) were included. The proportion of patients with PtGA ≤1 was compared between the frailty (KCL score ≥8), pre-frailty (KCL score 4-7) and robust (KCL score 0-3) groups. Factors associated with PtGA ≤1 were examined using multivariate logistic regression models. Of the 559 patients, 221 (39.5%) had frailty. The proportion of patients with PtGA ≤1 was significantly lower in the frailty group (33.9%) than in the robust (65.4%, P < 0.001) and pre-frailty (55.7%, P < 0.001) groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that frailty (vs robust, OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22-0.69), as well as disease duration and tender joint count, were factors independently associated with PtGA ≤1. When each domain of the KCL was examined, activities of daily living, physical strength, isolation and depressive mood were factors associated with PtGA ≤1. Frailty affects PtGA in patients with RA. As frailty impacts the physical, mental and social vulnerability aspects of PtGA, a multifaceted approach, including inflammation suppression, is required to improve PtGA in patients with RA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 399-404.

Coastal Ecosystem Services Modeling in Latin America to Guide Conservation and Restoration Strategies: The Case of Mangroves in Guatemala and El Salvador

We modeled the coastal protection and blue carbon ecosystem services provided by the mangroves of the Paz River Basin (El Salvador and Guatemala) using InVEST Coastal Vulnerability and Coastal Blue Carbon Models, with the goal of supporting the Regional Coastal Biodiversity Project of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, in determining potential priority mangrove areas for conservation and restoration. To quantify the relative coastal protection that mangroves provide, we combined maps of different aspects of vulnerability, including ecological, physical, and social data. We also estimated carbon stocks, net sequestration, and the economic value of carbon sequestration as a service in 2050 and 2100. We then developed a combined index of coastal protection and carbon sequestration services to highlight potential priority conservation and restoration areas for mangroves. We found that in Guatemala the coastal protection service was provided in greater quantity in the province of Moyuta, while in El Salvador this service was the highest in the provinces of San Francisco Menéndez, Jujutla and Acajutla, which also had the greatest total carbon stock. In the Paz River Basin, we estimate there are approximately 1,741 hectares of mangroves that provide the highest coastal protection and carbon sequestration services. Furthermore, we identified 318.9 hectares across both countries where mangroves could potentially be restored.

Healthcare and social needs of international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America: analysis of the Chilean case.

International migrants are a particularly vulnerable group in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Immigrants in Chile tend to experience multidimensional poverty and layers of social vulnerability. Our analysis aims to describe the perceived social and health-related needs of international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile in terms of migration as a social determinant of health and layered social vulnerability. We carried out a qualitative analysis of responses to an open-ended question focused on the social and health-related needs linked to the pandemic included in an online questionnaire disseminated during April 2020 aimed at international migrants residing in Chile. The information gathered was thematically analysed. We included 1690 participants. They expressed needs related to health and others linked to the overall socio-economic and political response, employment, material conditions and psychosocial aspects. They also reported needs related to ‘being a migrant’. Additionally, some participants described situations of vulnerability. We analysed their needs and situations of vulnerability identified around the following emerging frames: (a) work and living conditions, (b) regularisation traps and perceived lack of support and (c) and physical and mental health needs. International migrants in Chile report experiencing interrelated layers of social vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic, where ‘being a migrant’ exacerbates physical and mental health risks. The issues revealed are immediate and direct public health challenges, as well as different aspects of social vulnerability linked to migratory status, employment and barriers to accessing healthcare that should be addressed through comprehensive policies and measures.

The Potential Mediating Effects of Inflammation on the Association Between Type D Personality and Coronary Plaque Vulnerability in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Type D personality involves the interaction between negative affectivity with social inhibition and has been associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression and coronary plaque vulnerability. However, the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between type D personality and coronary plaque vulnerability remain indeterminate. The present study examined the potential mediating effects of inflammation biomarkers on the association between type D personality and coronary plaque vulnerability in patients with CAD. A total of 347 patients (mean [standard deviation] age = 56.6 [11.2] years; 29.3% women) with CAD who had culprit coronary plaques were examined for type D personality. The inflammation biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]) were evaluated. Each individual inflammation biomarker was standardized using z scores to calculate inflammation standardized sumscores. Plaque vulnerability of culprit lesions was measured in vivo using optical coherence tomography. The presence of type D personality (38%) was associated with TNF-α, IL-6, and inflammation standardized sumscores (t = 2.74, Cohen d = 0.32, p = .006; t = 4.03, Cohen d = 0.44, p ≤. 001; t = 4.16, Cohen d = 0.11, p = .001, respectively). In addition, the standardized inflammation sumscore was a mediator of the relationship between type D personality and lipid-rich plaques (effect sizes = 0.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.007-0.286, p = .064) and plaque rupture vulnerability (effect sizes = 0.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.043-0.365, p = .024). Analysis of continuous type D scores revealed that TNF-α, IL-6, and inflammation standardized sumscores also mediate the relationship between the primary effect of negative affectivity and plaque vulnerability. Inflammation activation is a potential mediator of the association between type D personality and plaque vulnerability. The negative affectivity component of type D personality might be particularly relevant to the inflammatory aspects of plaque vulnerability.

Revisiting Cluster Vulnerabilities towards Information and Communication Technologies in the Eastern Island of Indonesia Using Fuzzy C Means

Design/methodology/approach: In the present digital era, technology infrastructure plays an important role in the development of digital literacy in various sectors that can provide various important information on a large scale. Purpose: The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in Indonesia in the last five years has shown a massive development of ICT indicators. The population using the internet also experienced an increase during the period 2016–2020, as indicated by the increasing percentage of the population accessing the internet in 2016 from around 25.37 percent to 53.73 percent in 2020. This study led to a review of the level of ICT vulnerability in eastern Indonesia through a machine learning-based cluster analysis approach. Implications: Data were collected in this study from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) through SUSENAS to obtain an overview of the socioeconomic level and SAKERNAS to capture the employment side. This study uses 15 variables based on aspects of business vulnerability covering 174 districts/cities. Practical implications: Cluster analysis using Fuzzy C Means (FCM) was used to obtain a profile of ICT level vulnerability in eastern Indonesia by selecting the best model. The best model is obtained by selecting the validation value such as Silhouette Index, Partition Entropy, Partition Coefficient, and Modified Partition Coefficient. Social implication: For some areas with a very high level of vulnerability, special attention is needed for the central or local government to support the improvement of information technology through careful planning. Socio-economic and occupational aspects have been reflected in this very vulnerable cluster, and the impact of the increase in ICT will provide a positive value for community development. Originality/value: From the modelling results, the best cluster model is two clusters, which are categorized as high vulnerability and low vulnerability. For each cluster member who has a similarity or proximity to each other, there will be one cluster member.

Considerations for creating equitable and inclusive communication campaigns associated with ShakeAlert, the earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the USA

PurposeThe 2019 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR) cites earthquakes as the most damaging natural hazard globally, causing billions of dollars of damage and killing thousands of people. Earthquakes have the potential to drastically impact physical, social and economic landscapes; to reduce this risk, earthquake early warning (EEW) systems have been developed. However, these technical EEW systems do not operate in a vacuum; the inequities in social systems, along with the needs of diverse populations, must be considered when developing these systems and their associated communication campaigns.Design/methodology/approachThis article reviews aspects of social vulnerability as they relate to ShakeAlert, the EEW system for the USA. The authors identified two theories (relationship management theory and mute group theory) to inform self-reflective questions for agencies managing campaigns for EEW systems, which can assist in the development of more inclusive communication practices. Finally, the authors suggest this work contributes to important conversations about diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) issues within early warning systems and earthquake preparedness campaigns in general.FindingsTo increase inclusivity, Macnamara (2012) argues that self-reflective questioning while analyzing perspective, philosophy and approaches for a campaign can help. Specific to EEW campaigns, developers may find self-reflective questions a useful approach to increase inclusion. These questions are guided by two theories and are explored in the paper.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral research limitations exist. First, this work explores two theories to develop a combined theoretical model for self-reflective questions. Further research is required to determine if this approach and the combination of these two theories have adequately informed the development of the reflective questions.Originality/valueThe authors could find little peer-reviewed work examining DEI for EEW systems, and ShakeAlert in particular. While articles on early warning systems exist that explore aspects of this, EEW and ShakeAlert, with its very limited time frames for warnings, creates unique challenges.

Droughts in São Paulo: challenges and lessons for a water-adaptive society

ABSTRACT Literature has suggested that droughts and societies are mutually shaped and, therefore, both require a better understanding of their coevolution on risk reduction and water adaptation. Although the São Paulo Metropolitan Region drew attention because of the 2013–2015 drought, this was not the first event. This paper revisits this event and the 1985–1986 drought to compare the evolution of drought risk management aspects. Documents and hydrological records are analyzed to evaluate the hazard intensity, preparedness, exposure, vulnerability, responses, and mitigation aspects of both events. Although the hazard intensity and exposure of the latter event were larger than the former one, the policy implementation delay and the dependency of service areas in a single reservoir exposed the region to higher vulnerability. In addition to the structural and non-structural tools implemented just after the events, this work raises the possibility of rainwater reuse for reducing the stress in reservoirs.

Financial capital as a shaper of households' adaptive capabilities to flood risk in northern Bangladesh

This paper identifies access to financial capital as having a catalytic role in shaping households' adaptive capabilities to flood threats in rural Bangladesh. Twenty village-level Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were convened in the highly flood-prone Sirajganj district in the north of the country. Village participants were asked to describe the major forms of adaptation to flooding. This process identified forty forms of adaptation which were then classified according to the five capitals framework of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA). The narratives generated from the FGDs identified financial capital as having a catalytic role in shaping interactions with other forms of capital and ensuing adaptive capabilities to flood. Thematic coding of these results revealed five pathways in which financial capital shaped household adaptive capabilities. These insights into the importance of financial capital tell an important message about vulnerability and adaptive capability in an increasingly climate-stressed world. Focus group testimonies emphasise the lived realities of how wealth and income stratify the ability to adapt to increased flood threats, a major symptom of climate change in Bangladesh. This heightens the need for financial aspects of vulnerability to be foregrounded in adaptation policies.

Health within illness: The negativity of vulnerability revised.

This paper attempts to philosophically articulate empirical evidence on the positive effects of illness within the wider context of a discussion of the positive aspects of vulnerability. The conventional understanding holds that to be vulnerable is to be open to harms and wrongs; it is to be fragile, defenseless, and of compromised autonomy. In this paper, we challenge the assumption that vulnerability consists of nothing but powerlessness and dependence on others. This paper attempts to: (1) outline the theoretical conceptualisation of the positive aspects of coping with illness, while simultaneously showing how these findings provide empirical support for some classical philosophical ideas; (2) influence a change in the manners in which the ill are usually perceived (as weak, dependent, robbed of a good life) and (3) point to the importance of modernising the prevalent biomedical conception of illness with the subjective dimension of health. Biomedical understanding of illness focuses on the vulnerable experience of the sufferer, suggesting the importance of philosophical additions.

An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of paediatric cardiology trainee experiences during COVID-19.

Medical training during the COVID-19 pandemic has placed extra-ordinary demands on individuals within a context of rapid and iterative systems changes. The contemporaneous lived experience of trainees during this time has mainly been examined with surveys. Our study aims to provide a rich account of the experience of being a trainee during the pandemic to deepen our conceptual understanding of wellness. This holds relevance as we move away from examining the immediate innovations of the pandemic and towards long-term adjustments. We used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore the experiences of trainees in paediatric cardiology during the pandemic. Five trainees were purposively recruited. Initial semi-structured interviews were held during the first wave of the pandemic with follow-up interviews held during the second wave. Three superordinate paradoxical themes were recognised in the data: connectedness and isolation, disruption and stasis and vulnerability and strength. Disruption to routine activities of service delivery, training and home-life pervaded the pandemic and was experienced as stasis. Technology maintained the trainee's connection to the content of work but left them feeling isolated from its context. Vulnerability arose from interplay between illness, uncertainty and perception of risk, contrasted against strength drawn from compassion and the discovery of resilience. Supporting trainees as we emerge from the initial phase of the pandemic requires us to review how we understand and address wellness, including the contribution of organisational and systemic factors to its protection. Participants described varying states of impaired wellness and experienced a normalisation of aspects of vulnerability. We theorise that trainees were able to find opportunities for growth and the development of resilience within the space that this created.

Vulnerability, justice and care

The concept of vulnerability is once again assuming a central role in ethical-political-legal discourse. This is the case both in relation to its neo-liberal reinterpretations, aimed at placing the responsibilities and consequences of vulnerability onto the vulnerable subject itself, and, on the contrary, to the theses - the result, to a large extent, of a reworking of the ethics of care – of authors such as Martha Fineman, Judith Butler, Martha Nussbaum, Catriona Mackenzie and others, who use the idea of vulnerability as a basis for re-founding and reorganising liberal policies, freeing them from fictitious concepts such as the alleged basic autonomy of the human being. The article aims to analyse the different meanings and implications that, due to the accentuation of different aspects of vulnerability, add up to produce such a multifaceted concept, in order to try to clarify the conceptual implications and practical consequences that vulnerability may elicit.

Assessment of the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) for disaster mitigation strategies in some coastal tourism areas in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

South coastal area of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta-Indonesia has a high tourism development due to the unique physical conditions of coastal typology. However, during the last few years, extreme wave height associated with cyclones damaged many tourist facilities there. Coastal management for ecosystem sustainability requires disaster mitigation, which one considering the aspect of vulnerability. This study aims to assess the level of coastal vulnerability according to coastal typology of Baron-Pok Tunggal section and to determine the coastal management model based on the level of vulnerability. The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) is used in vulnerability assessment. The variable formulation of CVI is divided into hydrodynamic factors (mean significant wave heights, mean tide range, and mean sea level rise) and morphodynamics factors, i.e. geomorphology, coastal slope, and average width of emerged beach. The morphodynamics data were obtained through observation, direct measurements in the field by systematic sampling, extraction from aerial photographs and digital surface model (DSM). The results of modeling and predictions by several agencies are derived to obtain the hydrodynamics data. The result of this study revealed that marine deposition coast typology have a high and moderate vulnerability (twelve and eleven coastal units, respectively). Meanwhile, a low vulnerability can be found in the cliff coast or wave erosion coast typology (24 units). The convex or concave beaches tend to be more vulnerable than beaches with the straight form. The beaches of Buluk, Drini, Kosakora, Sarangan and all beaches from Krakal to Indrayanti have a high vulnerability. Geomorphological variables, significant wave height, and sea level rise have the strongest influence on vulnerability. Coastal management in the marine deposition coast typology can be carried out either in a protective manner or by accommodative approach, such as by observing changes in natural conditions due to sea level rise.