Aspects Of Self-determination Research Articles

Legal essence of self-determination of a person and a citizen

the subject of the research is the definition of the social and legal essence of self-determination of a person and a citizen. An analysis of domestic doctrinal research on this subject made it possible to single out three aspects in understanding the self-determination of a person: determining one's behavior without the intervention of third parties, establishing one's status, and the possibility of obtaining information about oneself. Each of the presented concepts, denoted by the term "self-determination", has its own value and contributes to improving the quality of life of citizens. However, an incorrect understanding of the legal essence of self-determination can give rise to negative social consequences, which already has its manifestations in Russian society. As a result of the study, the conclusion was formulated that, contrary to the widespread opinions of legal scholars, the first aspect of self-determination is not a subjective right or part of it, but the embodiment of the principle of the inadmissibility of arbitrary interference by anyone in private affairs, the effect of which, in turn, is limited the principles of inadmissibility of abuse of the right, good faith of subjects of civil law and restriction of rights in order to protect the interests of other persons. The second aspect of self-determination is not a power, but a legal fact - a unilateral transaction, in the course of which it is necessary to take into account the requirements of the legislation on the conditions for its validity. The third aspect is not a personal non-property, but an organizational subjective right, the possibility of realizing which depends on the legitimacy of the goals of using the requested information by a citizen.

Factors Related to Accessing Postsecondary School Supports by English Learners With Disabilities

This study examined the relationship between demographic, disability-related, and transition planning experiences and accessing disability-specific and universally available supports at 2- and 4-year colleges by postsecondary students identified in secondary school as English learners with disabilities. Findings were based on secondary analysis of a nationally representative sample of approximately 160 English learners with disabilities included in the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2). Logistic regression results identified two potentially malleable factors linked to increased likelihood of English learners with disabilities accessing postsecondary supports. If these students had a high school transition plan that indicated postsecondary supports as a needed post-high school service, when they attended college they were more likely to access both postsecondary disability-specific supports ( p < .01), and supports universally available to the full postsecondary student body ( p < .001). Aspects of self-determination also were related to an increased likelihood of seeking postsecondary supports. Higher levels of personal autonomy were positively related to accessing disability-specific ( p < .001) and universally available help ( p < .05), and higher levels of psychological empowerment were related to receipt of universally available supports ( p < .01). These findings demonstrate that high school professionals can support the postschool success of English learners with disabilities by influencing their likelihood of accessing beneficial supports in postsecondary school.

Single Motherhood of Refugees in Poland and the Challenges of Socialization in the Face of Cultural Alienation

Abstract Maternity is an extremely important aspect of self-determination regardless of the culture of origin. In the case of refugee women (functioning without the support of close relatives, the family, and their own society with its cultural norms), it additionally plays a crucial role in the construction of self-image. Women are often taken care of their children, which largely determines their adaptation strategies focused primarily on providing offspring with safety, development conditions, and stability. No less important it is also for their self-perception and self-determination, which are to a large extent conditioned by the gender roles in their culture of origin. In the article, I discuss the most common dilemmas of mothers-refugees among whom I conduct research since 2014 (coming from former Soviet Republics: Chechnya, Dagestan, Tajikistan) and I analyse their impact on the upbringing of offspring. At the beginning of the article, I present the basic terminological issues related to socialization and enculturation. These processes are considered to be one of the most important and difficult challenges faced by refugee women living in Poland. In the following part, I analyse the relationship between the self-assessment of the parental and educational activities effectiveness made refugee mothers and their adaptation attitudes and acculturation strategies.

National Picture of the Self-Determination Characteristics of Secondary School English Learners With Disabilities

We examined the self-determination of English learners with disabilities in secondary school, based on a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012). Self-determination characteristics of English learners with disabilities differed significantly from those of other students with disabilities, and of English learner students and students who are not English learners in the general population, including their being less likely to act autonomously or report empowerment-related or self-realization-related behaviors. Multivariate analyses identified several student and family characteristics associated with variations in aspects of self-determination, including age, gender, and postsecondary expectations. Implications for practice and research are discussed, including the importance of considering these factors when selecting, implementing, and evaluating self-determination interventions for English learners with disabilities.

Life of the Indigenous Mind: Vine Deloria Jr. and the Birth of the Red Power Movement by David Martinez

Reviewed by: Life of the Indigenous Mind: Vine Deloria Jr. and the Birth of the Red Power Movement by David Martinez John H. Cable David Martinez. Life of the Indigenous Mind: Vine Deloria Jr. and the Birth of the Red Power Movement. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. 480 pp. Cloth, $75.00. Activist-intellectuals loom large in the history of American social movements. In the 1960s and 1970s, consciousness-raising works like Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth (1961) and Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton’s Black Power (1967) were essential reading for [End Page 204] a counterculture whose sights were set on revolution. For the American Indian protest movement that came to be associated with Red Power, Vine Deloria Jr.’s Custer Died for Your Sins (1969) was key. Deloria’s combination of wit and erudition made him a towering figure in the American Indian intellectual tradition. In Life of the Indigenous Mind, David Martinez attempts an ambitious analysis of Deloria’s “Red Power Tetralogy,” which, in addition to Custer, included We Talk, You Listen (1970), God is Red (1973), and Behind the Trail of Broken Treaties (1974). While Deloria has previously been the subject of some scholarly attention, including, most recently, David E. Wilkins’s 2018 Red Prophet, Martinez is the first to offer such a comprehensive and, importantly, critical engagement with the activist-intellectual’s early work. As Martinez argues, of central concern in the tetralogy was tribal self-determination. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which coincided with John Collier’s tenure as commissioner of Indian Affairs, had been an important (if imperfect) show of federal support for that goal, as had the Indian Claims Commission, established in 1946. But by the 1950s, the federal government had changed course and sought to end the historic trust relationship with Indian peoples. Its termination policy was “an assault on tribal self-governance,” and, more than any other force, it shaped the milieu in which Deloria wrote (112). Possessed of a thorough understanding of treaties and case law, Deloria chronicled the pattern of bad faith and betrayal that had long characterized the United States government’s relationship with Indians. Termination, he argued, was but the latest chapter in a centuries-long history of American imperial land-grabbing, much of which happened under the pretense of beneficence. (The basic position of the government, after all, was that termination would free Indians from wardship.) But, as Martinez demonstrates, Deloria’s writing was solution-oriented. Chronicling abuses was not an end in itself—rather, it informed his pursuit of tribal self-determination. While Deloria’s vision for the future could never be reduced to bullet points, it included the strengthening of tribal governments; a truly sovereign-to-sovereign relationship with the United States; the affirmation of existing treaties and a return to treaty-making; tribal control of the relocation program; and greater unity between urban and reservation Indians. Taken together, such ideas were, as Martinez suggests, “nothing short of revolutionary” (131). But Deloria was never wholly consumed with the strictly political [End Page 205] aspects of self-determination. His tetralogy also engaged such subjects as Christianity, anthropology, and civil rights, each of whose relationship to American Indians had been left to non-Indians to define. Martinez writes that, for Deloria (who had once studied to be a priest), “the spread of Christianity across North America went hand in hand with the appropriation of Indian land” (213). Christianity was a settler-colonial tool that Deloria hoped Indians would soon forsake. Similar to Christian missionaries, anthropologists came to Indian Country with distorted ideas of who Indians were and what they represented, and with careerist agendas. At a time when Indians were facing perhaps the greatest assault on their sovereignty since Removal, anthropologists seemed more concerned with their own status as experts than with helping Indians. Martinez notes, however, that Deloria’s wholesale rejection of the institution of anthropology—which generated much debate within the social science community—included ad hominem attacks that, while probably satisfying to some readers, were unwarranted. Perhaps most impressive is Martinez’s treatment of Deloria’s views on the Black freedom movement in a chapter entitled...

Empowerment, De-Orientalizing, and Asians: Three Aspects of Self-Determination in Asian American Music.

Asian Americans experience on marginalization and their struggle against it is distinct yet not unrelated to other ethnic groups in the United States. They have been racially discriminated and othered while their gender identity suppressed, which amounted to oriental stereotypes of Asian Americans. The Asian American movement between the 60s and the 70s is a historic turning point that gave voice to the people once considered “foreigner” by the White culture and enabled them to counter the imposed images. Among other significant achievements, the movement stimulated a consciousness towards self-determination. Music is one platform that allows Asian Americans to express the desire. Yellow Pearl stands as the pioneer of Asian American political musicians with their oft-cited tracks from Yellow Pearl. Fred Ho is another proactive figure whose improvisatory jazz compositions challenge hegemonic social norms. Sean Miura, though himself not a musician, represents a younger generation who advocates artistic expression of Asian American. Despite these contributions, I still wonder how Asian Americans are recently doing in the popular music industry. Do they still strive for the same ideology as those mentioned above, and how? With this question in mind, my final paper will be a study of 88rising, a group of Asian American rappers. I will specifically focus on their music videos and lyrics and look for embedded political messages about Asian American struggles. I will also draw on relevant materials assigned from the class and online sources. I argue that self-determination is continuous process for Asian Americans. It is always a work in progress that permeates through generations and cuts across all musical genres.

Self Determination Development in Multicultural Society

The aim of this study is to describe analytically multicultural self-determination. The scope of this study includes: 1) a description of the multicultural self-determination of students formed through the educational process; 2) description of the way or style of regulation based on the high or low self-determination in the cultural domain. The method used was descriptive with crossectional survey design with a sample of first semester students at UPI Bandung using a multi stage cluster sampling technique. Power collection tools in the form of questionnaires, guidelines for observation and interviews. The results of the student research were at the level of identified regulation and the connectivity aspect was the lowest in all aspects of self-determination.

Self-determined nudging: a system concept for human–machine interaction

Humans sometimes struggle when making decisions, because what they want to do in a specific moment can differ from what they feel they should do in general. This phenomenon can also be found in situations of human–machine interaction. In order to support humans in making decisions about their behavior, a new form of support is proposed, which is especially suitable for human–machine interaction: self-determined decision-making with nudging methods (or shortly: self-determined nudging). In this concept, firstly the aspirations of the human are assessed and then supporting mechanisms are offered to guide humans towards their self-set goals. With this procedure, machines can for example support humans in driving safely or economically, help them refraining from scheduling other appointments in their gym-timeslots or push them towards going to bed on time. While originally nudging is based on libertarian paternalism, the concept of self-determined nudging enables the person to decide which goals to get nudged towards. By different examples, it is shown that nudging ideas are already present in numerous technical applications. Then, it is demonstrated how the aspect of self-determination can enrich these approaches. Moreover, already existing as well as potential new implementations of self-determined nudging in the automotive domain are described. As an outlook, the set-up of a study on automated driving is presented.

Self-Determination and Democracy in Post-Conflict Africa: Moving from Procedure to Substance

This article reviews the application of the principle of self-determination to postconflict rule of law developments in Africa. Popular conceptions of the principle or right of self-determination often associate it with so-called ‘self-determination’ or ‘sovereignty-based’ conflicts, that is, those fought with the aim of separation or secession. This link with secession has experienced a recent resurgence with the Russian invasion and annexation of Crimea, and the arguments put forward by the Kremlin in defence of its actions. However, focus on the relationship between secession and selfdetermination tends to overshadow other understandings and approaches. This article focuses upon a too often neglected aspect of self-determination – the application of internal self-determination, with a focus on African post-conflict States. The specific concern here is the ways and means by which self-determination governs the relationship between the ‘people’ of a State in entirety and the State itself, especially during periods of political transition. The principle of internal self-determination is argued here to consist of three critical facets: representation, accountability and responsiveness. These facets in turn require a move away from liberal-democratic approaches, which equate (internal) self-determination with ‘democracy’ expressed via elections, and a focus instead on the ways and means by which effective participation of an entire population might be advanced.

Enhancing the Participation of Indigenous Peoples at the Intergovernmental Level to Strengthen Self-Determination: Lessons from the Arctic

With a focus on the right of indigenous peoples to self-determination, and an eye on Arctic practices, this article analyses the right of indigenous peoples to self-determination and its exercise at the intergovernmental level. While the exercise of self-determination necessarily implies the right of indigenous peoples to autonomy in their internal and local matters and their involvement in decision-making at the state level, this article argues that self-determination additionally includes the right of indigenous peoples to be represented and to participate in the international arena: the intergovernmental aspect of self-determination. Although this analysis determines that it is yet too early to indicate the existence of a fully-fledged right, this article also evidences that there is a new policy goal at the un level, accompanied by practices at the arctic regional level, which could support the emergence of such a right in the future.

Helping a Man With Cerebral Palsy Access Preferred Internet Content Using Assistive Technology and a Participant-Directed Support Model

A man with cerebral palsy was helped to access preferred Internet content through a treatment program involving assistive technology and support from research staff. The assistive technology included an individually configured Apple iPad® and a head pointer that enabled the man to directly select screen icons linked to preferred websites. Staff supported the man by setting up the technology and responding to his instructions and requests for assistance and by performing general troubleshooting operations (e.g., starting up, positioning, rebooting, and charging the iPad® as necessary). Twelve treatment sessions, one per week, provided opportunities for the man to practice using the iPad®. Progress was assessed by rating his (a) degree of independence, (b) level of participation, (c) performance, (d) satisfaction with performance, and (e) overall satisfaction with the head pointer, the iPad®, and the treatment program. The man actively participated in each treatment session and reported better performance over the course of treatment. He was also generally satisfied with the program. The present combination of assistive technology and staff support appeared acceptable and effective in increasing participation. The approach illustrates how aspects of self-determination can be incorporated into assistive technology interventions for adults with cerebral palsy.

Tracing a Political Cleavage: The Wolf Issue in Sweden

In 2009, Sweden allowed licensed wolf (canis lupus) hunting for the first time in 45 years. After record number of media attention and threat of legal action from the EU, the licenced hunt stopped, but protective hunting continued – as did the polarisation in public debate. This article will analyse how the wolf issue relates to the three main cleavage elements and to what extent the elements align. It provides an empirical investigation of the wolf issue, applying the three-step cleavage model on the 2010 Swedish National Election Study data. Our results show, first, that we can identify specific group features among persons with negative wolf attitudes (structural difference); second, that the wolf issue loads (if weakly) at a second non-economic dimension connecting to issues of self-determination and globalisation (attitudinal difference); and third, that this second dimension affects voting for the Greens and the Centre party (institutional difference). However, when controlling for both dimensions in the third step, the wolf issue alone has a lesser impact. Thus, the wolf issue may currently be seen as a so-called position divide, although with a future potential to serve as cleavage catalyst if mobilised in connection with aspects of self-determination and globalisation.

THE MODEL OF FOSTERING THE CIVIL SELF-DETERMINATION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The paper considers the model construction basics of developing the civil self-determination of the high school students in the context of holistic and axiological approaches; the definition of the above aspect of self-determination being given, its stages identified. The author comes up with the idea of creating the pedagogical situations of the civil dialog along with the universal didactic means for all educational stages including the heuristic tasks, discussions and situational role play; the content and componentcomposition of the civil dialog being introduced including such varieties as the dialog of a teacher and student, students' interaction, and inner dialog. The formation of the civil self-determination is regarded by the author as the personality development aimed at creating, realizing and accepting the ideal of a citizen. In authors' opinion, the above process is conditioned by interactions of objective values and subjective personal conceptions of values, and results in acknowledging and adoption of the fatherland and civil society values.

Exploring the Challenges of Preserving the Right to Cultural Expression in Contemporary African Society

This article is a brief discussion of the importance of cultural identity/expression in Africa as an aspect of self-determination of an ethnic group and the current challenges of absolute enjoyment of this right. Much complexity exists in preserving both this group right and protection of individual rights against violations of harmful cultural practices. Finding that delicate balance under the contemporary regional human rights framework is the hope of this article. The paper will therefore define culture, describe its importance in African society, cultural expression as a human right, historical and developing limitations to culture and conflict points with other human rights. Legal and extra-legal solutions are proposed at the end.

Developing learning at St Mary’s secondary school, UK

This article summarises the actions taken by a Catholic secondary school in England to improve the learning, motivation and well-being of its students. It describes the theories of mindset, as proposed by Dweck (2006); aspects of self-determination, as described by Kasser and Ryan (1993) ; and intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation, as detailed by Vansteenkiste et al. (2006) . This paper also refers to the theory of visible learning by John Hattie (2012) and describes the actions taken by the school to embed the principles of mindset and the outcomes of this intervention. The implementation of mindset was a gradual process, in which the headteacher targeted two year groups in the school to launch the ideas. In parallel, he trialled the principles in the maths classes that he taught. His experience is described in the evaluation 2009–10 (see Addendum 1). Furthermore, the school carried out much work on the nature of praise and how this can improve students’ motivation and encourage a ‘growth mindset’. This led to the grade descriptors for interim school reports being changed to reflect this new emphasis. Students themselves revised these descriptors to make them more student-friendly and to provide them with clear statements about how to improve.

First Nations Gaming as a Self-Government Imperative: Ensuring the Health of First Nations Problem Gamblers

At the end of 2008, there were 17 First Nations casinos operating in Canada. Recent statistics confirm that all are money-making enterprises, and that individual First Nations are using the money to improve social programming and augment infrastructure. What has been overlooked to date is local health: specifically, limited funding was set aside in all Province-First Nations gaming agreements to implement problem-gambling treatment programs for on-reserve residents negatively influenced by the introduction of a casino. This is surprising considering that several studies in Canada and the United States have shown Aboriginal people are more likely to become problem gamblers. This paper argues that by situating a casino in a reserve community, the host community establishes an imperative to treat those negatively affected by ease of access to casino gambling games. To do so is an aspect of self-determination, and a responsibility First Nations assume when selecting casinos as mechanisms of economic development.

Sovereignty, Indian Gaming, and Economic Development on the Lake Traverse Reservation of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe (Oyate)

This study analyzes Indian gaming in South Dakota—specifically, that of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe (SWST)—via library material, telephone and taped interviews, nonparticipant/participant observation, newspaper and administrative reports, and public law statutes. Questions were developed, pretested, and applied to form a gaming narrative or voice of the SWST and its constituency. The article argues that tribes must define, exert, and use their political sovereignty to engage in positive, effective, and sustainable aspects of self-determination. Through the lens deemed most appropriate for the tribe, the SWST plays a vital role in overall economic development on and off the reservation. To be effective, the tribe must be the principal actor for positive economic development, the catalyst for recruiting outside enterprises, and the regulator/monitor of a positive economic development initiative and must develop/maintain the ability to define its organizational structures and engage in those day-to-day activities that advance overall tribal economic development policies and activities.

Increasing one aspect of self-determination among adults with severe multiple disabilities in supported work.

We attempted to increase one aspect of self-determination among 3 supported workers with multiple disabilities. Following Baer's (1998) self-determination conceptualization, the workers were exposed to two conditions that involved working more versus less independently based on availability of assistive devices. Next, their condition preferences were assessed and honored. All participants consistently chose the more independent condition. Results reflect how self-determination may be enhanced by giving workers increased control over work situations.

Relationships between various attitudes towards self-determination in health care with special reference to an advance directive.

OBJECTIVES: The subject of patient self-determination in health care has gained broad interest because of the increasing number of incompetent patients. In an attempt to solve the problems related to...

Political Self Determination Within the Context of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

In 1981, after nearly three years of drafting and deliberations, the Assembly of Heads of States and Governments of the Organisation of African Unity (O.A.U.) at its 18th Session adopted a regional human rights instrument— The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. Recent documentation indicate that an adequate number of ratifications have been received to bring the Charter into force. There has so far however not been any test of its provisions. Nevertheless this article will be devoted to a legal examination and in other ways to a speculative analysis of an aspect of one of the human and/or peoples' rights sought to be guaranteed in the Charter—the right to political self determination. This of course means that the very narrow scope of this paper will hardly touch on the economic aspects of self determination, which is also provided for in the Charter.