Aspects Of Quality Research Articles

Sexual health and wellbeing and the menopause: An EMAS clinical guide

IntroductionSexual health and wellbeing are significant aspects of quality of life. However, taking a sexual history is often avoided in medical practice, leaving a void in management and awareness. As the menopause can have a major impact on sexual health, it is imperative that healthcare providers are appropriately trained in sexual health and wellbeing and the aligned disciplines in order to achieve optimal care. AimTo provide an evidence-based clinical guide for the assessment and management of sexual problems at the menopause and beyond. Materials and methodsReview of the literature and consensus of expert opinion. Results and conclusionThe assessment of sexual problems includes history taking, examination and laboratory investigation (if indicated), and occasionally the use of specific validated questionnaires. Management of sexual problems requires a multidimensional approach using biopsychosocial measures. Medical management and psychosexual counselling include pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, and sex therapy and psychoeducation. Furthermore, perimenopausal women should be advised about the need for contraception if they wish to avoid pregnancy. Also, sexually transmitted diseases can be acquired at any age. To conclude, taking a sexual history should be incorporated into medical practice and healthcare providers should be appropriately trained to assess and manage sexual problems at the menopause and beyond.

Various aspects of the doctor's quality of life

Nowadays, more and more attention is paid to the quality of life. Both private and work-related. More and more actions are taken to improve the quality of life in order to reduce the phenomenon of professional burnout. This significantly improves work efficiency and allows employees to work longer. It is no different in medical professions, including doctors. Fortunately, there is more and more scientific research on this topic. This allowed us to write an illustrative article about various aspects of the doctor's quality of life. The article will provide information about what quality of life really is and how it is defined. We will present the impact of various factors influencing this, such as length of work, sleep time, age, shift work and work at irregular intervals. We will also show how occupational factors influence health, which translates quite well into life expectancy. It is surprising that doctors have higher than expected risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, body mass. The cause is usually high stress and lack of time for physical activities after work. Specialization is also important when it comes to life expectancy. Charts with this information about expected age will be presented along with discussion in the text. We hope that in the future there will be further research expanding knowledge on this very important topic. And employers will have developed appropriate standards to improve the quality of life among their employees.

Transformer-Based Sequence Modeling Short Answer Assessment Framework

Automated subjective assessment presents a significant challenge due to the complex nature of human language and reasoning characterized by semantic variability, subjectivity, language ambiguity, and judgment levels. Unlike objective exams, subjective assessments involve diverse answers, posing difficulties in automated scoring. The paper proposes a novel approach that integrates advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques with principled grading methods to address this challenge. Combining Transformer-based Sequence Language Modeling with sophisticated grading mechanisms aims to develop more accurate and efficient automatic grading systems for subjective assessments in education. The proposed approach consists of three main phases: Content Summarization: Relevant sentences are extracted using self-attention mechanisms, enabling the system to effectively summarize the content of the responses. Key Term Identification and Comparison: Key terms are identified within the responses and treated as overt tags. These tags are then compared to reference keys using cross-attention mechanisms, allowing for a nuanced evaluation of the response content. Grading Process: Responses are graded using a weighted multi-criteria decision method, which assesses various quality aspects and assigns partial scores accordingly. Experimental results on the SQUAD dataset demonstrate the approach’s effectiveness, achieving an impressive F-score of 86%. Furthermore, significant improvements in metrics like ROUGE, BLEU, and METEOR scores were observed, validating the efficacy of the proposed approach in automating subjective assessment tasks. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-03-06 Full Text: PDF

The Essential Computer Drawing Labs Facilities and Infrastructure to Achieve Training Quality According to International Standards

Educational facilities and infrastructure at any training institute must meet the minimum international standards. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the current facilities and infrastructure in the Computer Drawing Labs. The study used quantitative research methods, including observation and documentation. Study results indicate that all aspects of facilities and infrastructure assessed are in the good feasible category, with achievement levels ranging from 70 to 100 percent. The aspect with the lowest feasibility achievement is the space area at 70%, while the aspect of room furniture, educational media, equipment, and environment quality, achieved feasibility levels of 85%

Menstrual health education: school health curriculum topics by grade level recommended by specialized medical professionals in menstrual health clinics

Study ObjectiveEvidence-based menstrual health education is not mandated in any U.S. state or territory. Aspects of normal and abnormal menstruation impact quality of life and educational engagement, but many youth are not prepared to know when to seek medical help. We sought to determine which topics should be included in a 3rd through 8th grade school-based menstrual health curriculum. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey of medical professionals who care for patients with menstrual problems. We asked participants to indicate the top three menstrual health topics by grade and we compared the most common responses by year. We also solicited general comments about curriculum content. ResultsSurveys from 55 medical professionals met criteria for analysis. The most frequent topics to be selected were normal and abnormal menstruation, reproductive anatomy, puberty timeline, and menstrual products. A majority recommended the topics of puberty timeline (38, 69.1%) and reproductive anatomy (34, 61.8%) for 3rd grade, introducing normal menstruation (31, 56.4%) and menstrual products (24, 46.3%) in 4th grade, and abnormal menstruation (27, 49.1%) in 6th grade. More complex topics such as world cultures around menstruation (14, 25.5%) and period poverty (11, 20.0%) were preferred for 8th grade. Many providers emphasized the importance of teaching normal versus abnormal menstruation in a school health curriculum. ConclusionMedical professionals provide recommendations for a school-based menstrual health curriculum that introduces topics at developmentally appropriate ages from a medical perspective, teaches basic menstrual symptom management, and instructs on warning signs for abnormal menstruation.

Persistent growth-promoting effects of vosoritide in children with achondroplasia are accompanied by improvements in physical and social aspects of health-related quality of life

Purpose: Evaluate the impact of vosoritide on health-related quality of life in children with achondroplasia. MethodsParticipants received vosoritide (15 μg/kg/day) in an extension trial (NCT03424018) after having participated in a placebo-controlled trial (NCT03197766). ResultsThe population comprised 119 participants (mean [SD] age 9.7 [2.6] years). Mean treatment duration was 4 (0.78) years. At year 3, the largest mean (SD) changes were observed in the Quality of Life of Short Stature Youth physical score (5.99 [19.41], caregiver reported; 6.32 [20.15], self-reported) and social score (2.85 [8.29] and 6.76 [22.64], respectively). Changes were greatest in participants with ≥1 SD increase in height z-score (physical: 11.36 [19.51], caregiver-reported [n = 38]; 8.48 [21.83], self-reported [n = 28]) (social: 5.84 [15.45] and 9.79 [22.80], respectively). To determine how domain scores may change with age in untreated persons, models were produced using observational/untreated-person data. A 1-year increase in age was associated with a change of 0.16 (SE, 0.55) and 0.16 (0.50), for caregiver-reported physical and social domain scores, respectively. Self-reported scores changed by 1.45 (0.71) and 1.92 (0.77), respectively. ConclusionThese data suggest that after 3 years of treatment, vosoritide demonstrates a positive effect on physical and social functioning among children with achondroplasia, particularly in children with a more pronounced change in height z-score.

Feasibility of Obtaining Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in a High-Volume Multidisciplinary Surgical Limb Salvage Center.

Completion of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is labor-intensive but paramount in improving patient-centered care, allowing for advancement of techniques and scrutinization of outcomes. We report the feasibility of PROM collection and reporting for patients seen in a high-volume, multidisciplinary, tertiary limb salvage center to determine pain and functionality outcomes. The center received grant funding resources for large-scale PROM collection. Patients completed either tablet or paper surveys. Functionality and pain PROMs included 1) Neuro-QoL Lower Extremity Function-Mobility, 2) Numerical Rating Scale, 3) Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity, and 4) PROMIS Pain Interference. Research assistants attended clinic daily to administer surveys. Patients were categorized into the following groups: amputation, flap reconstruction, other surgical management, and nonsurgical management. Five hundred sets of each survey were administered to 420 patients across 2 months, with 16% of patients (n = 80) completing multiple sets at separate visits. The completion rate among eligible patients was 90% or greater for each PROM. Of the respondents, 133 (31.7%) were seen for previous amputation, 32 (7.6%) for local or free flap reconstruction, 68 (16.2%) for other surgical management (eg, debridement, arthroplasty), and 295 (70.2%) for nonsurgical management (eg, lymphedema, hidradenitis). We report that integration of PROM collection in a high-volume limb salvage center is feasible. These metrics allow measurement of the impact and effectiveness of salvage or amputation surgeries from patients' perspectives, providing quantification of satisfaction and aspects of health-related quality of life, improved patient advocacy, and an evidence-based approach to surgical management.

Markers of predicting discharge from forensic psychiatric hospitals in Czechia.

Secure forensic hospital treatments are resource-intensive, aiming to rehabilitate offenders and enhance public safety. While these treatments consume significant portions of mental health budgets and show efficacy in some countries, their effectiveness in Czechia remains underexplored. Previous research has highlighted various factors influencing the likelihood of discharge from these institutions. Notably, the role of sociodemographic variables and the length of stay (LoS) in the context of forensic treatments has presented inconsistent findings across studies. The study, part of the 'Deinstitutionalization project' in Czechia, collected data from all inpatient forensic care hospitals. A total of 793 patients (711 male, 79 female and 3 unknown) were included. Data collection spanned 6 months, with tools like HoNOS, HoNOS-Secure, MOAS, HCR-20V3 and AQoL-8D employed to assess various aspects of patient health, behaviour, risk and quality of life. The study revealed several determinants influencing patient discharge from forensic hospitals. Key assessment tools, such as HoNOS secure scores and the HCR-20 clinical subscale, showed that higher scores equated to lower chances of release. Furthermore, specific diagnoses like substance use disorder increased discharge odds, while a mental retardation diagnosis significantly reduced it. The type of index offense showed no influence on discharge decisions. Factors like reduced risk behaviours, absence of mental retardation diagnosis, social support and secure post-release housing plans played significant roles. The results underscored the importance of using standardized assessment tools over clinical judgement. A standout insight was the unique challenges faced by patients diagnosed with mental retardation, emphasizing a need for specialized care units or tailored programmes.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield, quality and economic aspects of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in rainfed condition of Himachal Pradesh

Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield, quality and economic aspects of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in rainfed condition of Himachal Pradesh

Efficient optimization of robust project scheduling for industry 4.0: A hybrid approach based on machine learning and meta-heuristic algorithms

This research contributes significantly to the domain of Industry 4.0 by offering a nuanced approach to the multi-objective optimization of the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) under uncertainty. Focused on the context of smart product platforming, this study introduces a novel methodology that not only considers traditional factors like time and cost but also incorporates quality and risk aspects, crucial for personalized product fulfillment. In this regard, a comprehensive four-objective mathematical model is proposed to minimize project completion time, total project costs, and project risks while simultaneously enhancing overall project quality. Real-world uncertainty is acknowledged through the incorporation of uncertain parameters for the time, risk, and quality associated with each project activity. To address this uncertainty, a robust optimization method is applied based on Bertsimas and Sim's approach. Moreover, to optimize the proposed model, the Hybrid Red Deer and Genetic Algorithm (HRDGA) is proposed, which is leveraging a machine learning approach for clustering solutions. The numerical results demonstrate that increasing the project budget by 30% leads to an upward trend in total project costs and a reduction in the minimum acceptable quality by 10%–30% results in a decreasing trend in the total project cost. This research emphasizes the adoption of Industry 4.0 enabling technology within the project scheduling platform, particularly highlighting its significance for personalized product fulfillment.

Analysis of Implementation Delay in Road Construction Project (A Case Study of Road Improvement Project in Jayapura Regency)

Planning and control over time and cost are important parts of overall construction project management. Work achievement of a project can be assessed through its quality, time, cost and safety aspects. So, in completing work project, time and cost incurred are aspects that must be continously measured for its deviation from the original plan. İn this study, time and cost deviations makes the management of road improvement project of Jayapura Regency getting worse. By employing several project performance indicators such as time and cost, it is possible to take preventative steps to make the road improvement project of Jayapura Regency can be proceed as planned. The research method applied in this research were qualitative and quantitative method where the qualitative method used a structured interview to respondents, while the quantity method involved a questionnaire distribution to total 100 respondents (10 project owners, 45 implementer contractors, and 45 consultants). Based on the result of this study, factors causing delays in the completion of road improvement project in Jayapura Regency are: (1) labor factor with value of 3.5400, (2) equipment factor with value of 3.4400, (3) finance factor with value of 3.4200, (4) material factor with factor of 3.3900, (5) scope of work and contract/work documents with value of 3.3900, (6) site characteristic factor with value of 3.3700, (7) changes factor with value of 3.3400, (8) managerial factor with value of 3.3300, (9) situation factor with value of 3.3200, (10) planning and scheduling factor with value of 3.2900, and (11) inspection, control and work evaluation systems with value of 3.2700. As for the ranking of variables causing delays for the completion of road improvement project in Jayapura Regency are: (a) workforce discipline with value of 3.5600, (b) inadequate number of workers or in accordane with the existing work activities with value of 3.5600 and (c) workforce nationalism with value of 3.5300

Cardiac Self-efficacy, Illness Perception and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Introduction: Illness perception and positive illness beliefs are protective factors that enhance the management of cardiac disease and improve HRQOL. The aim was to determine the relationship of cardiac self-efficacy and illness perception with HRQOL in patients with ischemic cardiopathy candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Method: Cross-correlational study. 87 hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease requiring coronary revascularization surgery were recruited from a Cardiac Surgery Unit of a Hospital in Mexico City. Results: The study included 79.3% male patients with an average age of 63 years (S.D.=8.6). The correlation coefficient indicated a positive relationship between HRQOL and cardiac self efficacy (p=0.001), and a negative association between HRQOL and illness perception (p=0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a significant impact of illness perception and cardiac self-efficacy on the variability of HRQOL (p=0.046, β=0.200 and p=0.001, β=-0.412, respectively), regardless of the patient's age, gender, and education. Conclusion: Both cardiac self-efficacy and illness perception were found to be significantly linked to all aspects of health-related quality of life. These factors played a crucial role in explaining the variability of HRQOL regardless of the patient's age, gender, and education level. Patients who feel capable of managing the challenges posed by their illness tend to have a more positive perception of their HRQOL. Conversely, negative beliefs about heart disease were associated with a lower HRQOL.

Simple methodology to score micropattern quality and effectiveness.

Micropatterns (MPs) are widely used as a powerful tool to control cell morphology and phenotype. However, methods for determining the effectiveness of how well cells are controlled by the shape of MPs have been inconsistently used and studies rarely report on this topic, indicating lack of standardization. We introduce an evaluation score that quantitatively assesses the MP fabrication quality and effectiveness, which can be broadly used in conjunction with all currently available MP design types. This score uses four simple and quick steps: (i) scoring MP and (ii) background fabrication quality, (iii) defining the type(s) of MP of interest, and (iv) assigning so-called efficiency descriptors describing cell behavior. These steps are based on visual inspection and quick categorization of various aspects of MP fabrication quality and cell behaviour, presented in illustrations and microscopy image examples intended to serve as a reference "atlas". To illustrate the advantage of using this score, we determined differences in cell morphology and F-actin intensity between scored vs. non-scored cells. These measurements, which could be different in other studies, were chosen because both are understood as markers of cell phenotype and function. We combined intensity-calibrated immunofluorescence microscopy and image-based single cell protein analysis. Importantly, significant differences in cell morphology and cytoskeletal protein content between scored vs. non-scored cells were noted: the unconditional inclusion of all experimental read-outs (i.e., all MP data regardless of MP quality and effectiveness) into the final results significantly misjudged the experimental readouts vs. only including experimental read-outs of quality-controlled and effective MPs, identified by scoring. Specifically, non-scoring underestimated the F-actin intensity per cell and quantitative cellular morphometric descriptors circularity and solidity and overestimated aspect ratio. Scoring improved the precision of cellular readouts, advocating the use of a MP quality and efficiency score as a quantitative decision-supporting tool in deciding whether or not particular MPs should be used for experiments, saving time and money. This simple scoring methodology can be used for improving MP fabrication, comparing results across studies, benefiting basic science studies and potential future clinical use of MPs by introducing standardization.

Development of a Core Outcome Measure Instrument; "LeishCOM_LCL", for Localised Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is a chronic ulcerating disease. A literature review identified inconsistencies in clinical trials. The aims of this study were to reach a consensus on the most important domains to measure when assessing LCL, agree on parameters to measure the domains, and develop a tool representing a Core Outcome Set (COS), for use in clinical assessment of LCL. A literature review was conducted to identify any existing COS for LCL embracing agreed Outcome Domains, i.e. what to measure and any Outcome Measurement Instruments (OMIs). As no COS was available, potential outcome domains for assessment of LCL were identified through an international collaborative approach using e-consultations and virtual discussions with expert stakeholders (n = 20) from geographically different LCL endemic countries. Subsequent judgmental validation process included a face-to-face multidisciplinary stakeholders' meeting adopting the Nominal Group Technique. A final consensual agreement on outcome domains and items required to measure these domains was established. "Clinical Cure" was defined as the ideal overall "General Concept". The five Core Outcome Domains included Signs capturing clinical morphology, diameter, and induration of an index lesion with the aid of a palpability score, Treatment Efficacy assessing percentage change in size of the lesion and re-epithelialization compared to baseline, Treatment Impact which included an investigator and patient visual analogue score, and Clinical Sequelae rating pigment change, atrophic and hypertrophic/keloid scars. It was agreed that two open-ended questions should be included to capture some aspects of Health-Related Quality of Life as a means of capturing a patient-focused approach. LeishCOM_LCL was generated to reflect a COS for LCL. This captured demographic details, agreed outcome domains and measures to assess these domains. Validation of LeishCOM_LCL will be reported in a separate paper. Development of a Patient Reported Outcome Measure will be considered in the future.

Leadership and School Culture: Their Influence on Increasing Competence, Relevance, and Quality Aspects in Senior High Schools

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah terhadap peningkatan mutu sekolah menengah atas di Sulawesi Selatan. Konsep mutu pendidikan dipahami sebagai pencapaian kualitas yang memenuhi atau melebihi harapan penerima, termasuk aspek kompetensi, relevansi, fleksibilitas, efisiensi, berdaya hasil, dan kredibilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik Proportionate Random Sampling untuk memilih 226 kepala sekolah sebagai responden. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan variasi karakteristik responden dalam hal jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan terakhir, lama mengajar, dan status jabatan. Uji regresi linear berganda dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh variabel independen (kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah) terhadap variabel dependen (peningkatan mutu sekolah). Hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel independen secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan mutu sekolah (F = 104,064, p < 0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah memiliki dampak yang positif terhadap peningkatan mutu sekolah. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi lembaga pendidikan dan praktisi pendidikan untuk memperhatikan aspek-aspek kepemimpinan dan budaya sekolah dalam upaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di sekolah menengah atas. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar untuk pengembangan strategi dan kebijakan pendidikan yang lebih efektif dan berkualitas di masa depan.

An Attractive School-Age Educare—Free Choices as Expanded or Limited Agency

The present study aimed to investigate and problematize an attractive school-age educare (SAEC) from the children’s perspectives. Which different aspects of quality appear in the children’s narratives about the SAEC activities? This was achieved by listening to children’s narratives and their voices. Forty-three children aged 6 to 10 participated in group conversations with the staff in their SAEC center. The study is theoretically based on a childhood sociological lens where children are recognized as active participants and agents for change and therefore important to listen to. The results show that an attractive School-Age Educare requires committed staff who inspire new discoveries, its own identity-specific premises with appropriate materials, the provision of planned and guided activities, the offering of unexpected and non-routine activities, and space for children’s agency to influence and to choose and to direct one’s own time. It is shown that free choices can both expand and limit children’s agency. In addition, the study illustrates how conversations with children can form a basic method for both developing quality and making the contextual factors for children’s agency visible.

Wild Genetic Resource in Vegetable Improvement: Applications and Strategies

Domestication of feral types of the present-day cultivated types was in vogue in earlier days of farming followed by the selection and hybridization that led to many improved varieties. Expression of traits faded due to the development of homozygosity due to repeated interventions in the same set. Relying on wild relatives that are found to be the source of many target genes is found significant. While, this is not so easy, because of the barriers that reside in distant hybridization, consequences like failure in zygote and embryo formation, embryo death, linkage drags, and incompatibility within wild and cultivated groups, etc are need of concern. Strategies like bridge crosses, somatic hybridization, grafting, embryo rescue, etc., techniques are solely or in combination can combat these issues. Vegetables are the group of crops that are mainly cultivated for their high returns and quality aspects for the healthy food routine of the consumer. This review will spotlight the recent advances in vegetable improvement through their wild relatives and available strategies to overcome the barriers to the usage of wild relatives in vegetable improvement, meanwhile the conservation of these resources for the future utilization in vegetable improvement.

How does a superior quality sign guarantee the quality of lamb meat? The Label Rouge case

Owing to the social, environmental and health changes in Europe, meat quality is becoming a critical issue for the long-term future of livestock farming. Label Rouge (LR) is a quality label owned by the French government that identifies food products produced inside or outside the European Union. This label guarantees the superior quality of a product compared with a standard product. This superior quality is guaranteed throughout the production process by specifications negotiated between the Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité (INAO) and operators in the sector. These specifications comprise two documents: first, common production conditions that apply to all specifications in a sector, and second, a book of specifications (BoSs). These two documents, which form the qualification mechanism, are divided into several parts: product name, product description, traceability, production method, labelling and the main control points. This study aims to understand how the LR defines lamb meat quality in the 11 existing BoSs using the seven dimensions of quality of animal-source foods (nutritional, sensory, commercial, technological, safety, convenience and image). We performed a computerised qualitative transversal analysis of the commitments associated with the production method and description of the product. This analysis was enriched by five semi-structured interviews with INAO members. We show that although LR is committed to all aspects of lamb meat quality, the sensory, image and carcass commercial quality attributes are predominant. However, the image attribute of quality is so ubiquitous that it required refinement to provide a better understanding of the construction of quality in terms of its environmental, ethical and cultural components.

Searching and reporting in Campbell Collaboration systematic reviews: A systematic assessment of current methods.

The search methods used in systematic reviews provide the foundation for establishing the body of literature from which conclusions are drawn and recommendations made. Searches should aim to be comprehensive and reporting of search methods should be transparent and reproducible. Campbell Collaboration systematic reviews strive to adhere to the best methodological guidance available for this type of searching. The current work aims to provide an assessment of the conduct and reporting of searches in Campbell Collaboration systematic reviews. Our objectives were to examine how searches are currently conducted in Campbell systematic reviews, how search strategies, search methods and search reporting adhere to the Methodological Expectations of Campbell Collaboration Intervention Reviews (MECCIR) and PRISMA standards, and identify emerging or novel methods used in searching in Campbell systematic reviews. We also investigated the role of information specialists in Campbell systematic reviews. We handsearched the Campbell Systematic Reviews journal tables of contents from January 2017 to March 2024. We included all systematic reviews published since 2017. We excluded other types of evidence synthesis (e.g., evidence and gap maps), updates to systematic reviews when search methods were not changed from the original pre-2017 review, and systematic reviews that did not conduct their own original searches. We developed a data extraction form in part based on the conduct and reporting items in MECCIR and PRISMA. In addition, we extracted information about the general quality of searches based on the use of Boolean operators, keywords, database syntax and subject headings. Data extraction included information about reporting of sources searched, some aspects of search quality, the use and reporting of supplementary search methods, reporting of the search strategy, the involvement of information specialists, date of the most recent search, and citation of the Campbell search methods guidance. Items were rated as fully, partially or not conducted or reported. We cross-walked our data extraction items to the 2019 MECCIR standards and 2020 PRISMA guidelines and provide descriptive analyses of the conduct and reporting of searches in Campbell systematic reviews, indicating level of adherence to standards where applicable. We included 111 Campbell systematic reviews across all coordinating groups published since 2017 up to the search date. Almost all (98%) included reviews searched at least two relevant databases and all reported the databases searched. All reviews searched grey literature and most (82%) provided a full list of grey literature sources. Detailed information about databases such as platform and date range coverage was lacking in 16% and 77% of the reviews, respectively. In terms of search strategies, most used Boolean operators, search syntax and phrase searching correctly, but subject headings in databases with controlled vocabulary were used in only about half of the reviews. Most reviews reported at least one full database search strategy (90%), with 63% providing full search strategies for all databases. Most reviews conducted some supplementary searching, most commonly searching the references of included studies, whereas handsearching of journals and forward citation searching were less commonly reported (51% and 62%, respectively). Twenty-nine percent of reviews involved an information specialist co-author and about 45% did not mention the involvement of any information specialist. When information specialists were co-authors, there was a concomitant increase in adherence to many reporting and conduct standards and guidelines, including reporting website URLs, reporting methods for forward citation searching, using database syntax correctly and using subject headings. No longitudinal trends in adherence to conducting and reporting standards were found and the Campbell search methods guidance published in 2017 was cited in only twelve reviews. We also found a median time lag of 20 months between the most recent search and the publication date. In general, the included Campbell systematic reviews searched a wide range of bibliographic databases and grey literature, and conducted at least some supplementary searching such as searching references of included studies or contacting experts. Reporting of mandatory standards was variable with some frequently unreported (e.g., website URLs and database date ranges) and others well reported in most reviews. For example, database search strategies were reported in detail in most reviews. For grey literature, source names were well reported but search strategies were less so. The findings will be used to identify opportunities for advancing current practices in Campbell reviews through updated guidance, peer review processes and author training and support.

Macronutrient quality and its association with micronutrient adequacy in children

The double burden of malnutrition compels us to reconsider macronutrients from a diet quality perspective. The Macronutrient Quality Index (MQI) has been designed to reflect overall macronutrient quality and is based on three sub-indexes: the carbohydrate quality index (CQI), the healthy plate protein quality index (HPPQI) and the fat quality index (FQI). Nutritional adequacy is an essential aspect of diet quality that should be captured by reliable dietary indexes. We analyzed the association between the Macronutrient Quality Index (MQI) and micronutrient adequacy. Participants were children aged 4 and 5 years, recruited in the SENDO cohort. Baseline information was collected through a self-administered online questionnaire, which included information on sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle variables. Dietary information was obtained using a 147-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Participants were categorized into tertiles based on their MQI score. We evaluated the intake of 20 micronutrients and assessed the probability of micronutrient adequacy using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off point. Children in the highest tertile of MQI had 0.33-fold lower odds (95%CI 0.17-0.66) of having ≥3 inadequate micronutrient intakes than their peers in the lowest tertile, after adjusting for potential confounders. The adjusted proportions of children with inadequate intake of ≥3 micronutrients were 18%, 14% and 11% in the first, second, and third tertiles of MQI respectively. The MQI appears to be capable of capturing nutrient adequacy in children, although our results suggest that a modified MQI, with eggs and dairy products weighted positively, might be more adequate for the pediatric population.