Aspects Of Japan Research Articles

EXPLORING THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF CELIBACY SYNDROME: SOCIETAL TRENDS AND THEIR IMPACT IN JAPAN

This study investigates the complex impact of celibacy syndrome on social and economic aspects in Japan, where there has been a noticeable reduction in interest and engagement in romantic relationships and sexual activities, particularly among the younger generation. To meet the objective of this study, descriptive research design has been used. The data has been collected from secondary sources like national reports on fertility survey of Japan, news articles, and statista database, published research articles and research papers. In conclusion, the impact of celibacy syndrome in Japan extends across individuals, society, business, and the economy, showcasing a nuanced interplay of both positive and challenging consequences. While financial autonomy, personal transformation, and a focus on learning emerge as positive individual outcomes, there are concerns regarding social withdrawal, loneliness, and potential mental health challenges. Societal impacts include shifts in cultural norms and challenges to social cohesion. In the business realm, a highly dedicated workforce may be a positive outcome, but demographic challenges and changes in consumer behavior pose economic risks. This study can be further extended by collecting first hand data and experience from the individuals to support with empirical evidences.

An Introduction to Regulatory Aspects Related to Medical Devices in Japan and Canada

Background: A medical device is a gadget that is used to identify, prevent, or treat illness or other medical conditions, but it does not work chemically on or within the body. It includes instruments, apparatus, implants, in vitro reagents, and similar or related items. The approval process for medical equipment in regulated markets (such as those in Canada and Japan) is one of the major concerns for their proper induction. The categorization of medical equipment and the procedure for their approval in these nations and their companions need to be clearly addressed in order to facilitate a better understanding of the regulations. Aim: The regulatory considerations regarding the Japanese regulatory body for medical devices have been well discussed. Further, other aspects, such as the organization of the study of medical devices and the clearance process with the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare's role in Japan's medical device industry, have been elaborated. Medical device licensing and application procedures in this regard with the leading Japanese medical equipment manufacturers have been revealed. Results/Discussion: In Canada, medical equipment post-market surveillance on risk-based categorization has been revealed. The organisational structure of the medical equipment governing body and the Canadian approval process for medical instruments included by Health Canada with the top 10 medical technology setups in Canada have been elaborated in detail. Conclusion: In this review, regulatory aspects in Japan and Canada for understanding the direction and evolution of the medical device industry have been discussed. This analysis aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory framework governing the marketing authorisation of diagnostic and therapeutic medications in Japan and Canada to a global audience.

일본의 교육개혁과 그 모습 - 국제 바칼로레아의 도입에 근거하여 -

The International Baccalaureate(IB) is one of the education reform projects that Japan has been promoting since 2013 according to the socalled national strategy for education rebuilding. As one of Japan's educational reform projects, this study looked at the background of introduction, including why the IB curriculum, and the progress of IB from the present point of view. In addition, this study tried to look back at the aspects of Japan's education reform policy from a critical point of view from the problems revealed here. As a result, the introduction of IB, which aims to foster global talent who is fluent in English led by the Cabinet of Japan, can raise questions from a critical perspective that it is an education policy that leads to a new level of educational gap. In particular, the introduction of IB to a small number of schools under the pretext of educational reform should not be overlooked that it may transform into a systematic 21st century-style elite education through public education.

일본사회의 국가권력과 종교의 관계

This study aims to examine the relationship between religion and politics. Specifically, the relationship between state power and Shinto was analyzed, focusing on Japanese politics and the Japanese political organization Nihonkaigi. Through this, the ideological background of Japan’s right-wing forces was analyzed. Nihonkaigi is a political organization where right-wing political figures from Japan, created by “the Group to Protect Japan” and “the National Congress to Protect Japan,” are gathered. This organization significantly influences modern Japanese politics based on right-wing forces. The ideological backgrounds of these right-wing forces include “setting the Japanese emperor as the base of power” and “traditional the unity of state and religion ideas”. It means that efforts to abolish the State Shinto in December 1945 and prevent the recurrence of militarism failed. Nihonkaigi is giving material, human, and ideological support to right-wing politicians. They seek a “return to before the 2nd World War” by glorifying nationalism with discourse such as “Strong Japan equals Making a New Japan”. This example explains the unique aspect of Japan’s unity of state and religion.

Globalization of Tanka: How Twitter Contributes to Development of Traditional Japanese Poetry

Tanka poems are a representative type of classical Japanese poetry with a long history. Beginning as Waka, which were widely composed starting in the 7th century, today they continue to be produced by people of diverse backgrounds while retaining their ancient characteristics. In other words, tanka poems can be regarded as a valuable part of Japanese cultural heritage that are loved and enjoyed in contemporary Japan.
 My paper focuses on the current state of modern tanka and the significance of tanka in contemporary society. In the processes of globalization, the Internet (for example, Twitter and other social media) is becoming the main platform for creating and reading modern tanka. Twitter, in particular, has become the largest such forum and features tanka from all over the world. And more, there are some poets who use Twitter as their main place of work. A similar phenomenon is seen in other social media, and it can be said that social media has had a great impact on modern tanka.
 The main conclusion of my paper is that social media has become a global tool for tanka which has been passed as a tradition shaped over centuries from one generation to another. As a result, the traditional framework of social exclusiveness of this poetic genre from ancient times has been removed, leaving an environment where people of any social status can easily create and read tanka and join the tanka community. In other words, because of the impact of social media, the tanka community today has become a melting pot of a wide variety of people, with poets now coming from very different backgrounds.
 This indicates that tanka’s character as an aspect of Japan’s cultural heritage is changing, especially among young generations who use social media in their daily life, while still retaining some of its traditional attributes. Tanka is an important genre in Japanese literature, itself a core element of Japanese culture, while possessing, at the same time, the potential to be shared all over the world. Therefore, research on tanka on a global scale offers a potentially significant contribution to Japanese studies.

일본의 ‘화혼양재’의 국가적 실천양상 - 전근대・근대의 ‘고용외국인’(お雇い外国人)의 활동을 중심으로 -

In late 19th century Japan, under the banner of “Wakonyosai,” which emerged as a slogan, the attitude to adhere “Wakon” (Japanese Spirit) continued, while the practice of “yosai” (Western Learning) to accept Western science and technology continued in fields of industry and military. After the Meiji Restoration, it was prioritized above all to achieve the national tasks of FukokuKyohei (rich country, strong army), and “ShokusanKogyou (encouragement of new industry)”. Foreign employment was the preferred method of introducing Western technology, that is yosai. However, foreign employment did not begin after the Meiji Restoration. From the late Edo period to the Meiji period, many foreigners came to Japan, and the majority of them were invited and hired by the new government of Meiji from Europe or America, which they called “hired foreigners” and helped build Meiji Japan as a modern state in many ways. If one wants to review Japan's modernization, one must look at the achievements or roles of these “hired foreigners”. In other words, the historic existence of the “hired foreigners” shows one aspect of the important character of the Meiji Restoration and Japan's modernization. From the end of the Edo period to the end of the Meiji period, when the country was under external pressure, this article examines the activities and lives of “hired foreigners” to understand one aspect of Japan's modernization process while also taking a look at Japan's way of embracing foreign culture.

The Japanese Factor in the Making of North Korean Socialism

This article explores a commonly ignored aspect of Japan–North Korean relations: the Japanese factor in the making of Korean socialism. Korea was indirectly influenced by the Japanese Jiyuminken Movement, in the 1910s–1920s serving as a stepping-stone for the creation of a Japanese Communist Party. Wartime mobilization policies under Japanese rule were continued and expanded beyond the colonial era. The Juche ideology built on tendencies first exhibited in the 1942 Overcoming Modernity Conference in Japan, and in the 1970s some Japanese leftists viewed Juche as a humanist Marxism. Trade between Japan and North Korea expanded from 1961 onwards, culminating in North Korea’s default in 1976, from which point on relations soured between the two countries. Yet leaders with direct experience of colonial rule governed North Korea through to the late 1990s.

Україно-японські відносини в контексті пріоритетних напрямків зовнішньої політики Японії.

The transformation of Japan into an economic superpower, increasing the activity of Japanese diplomacy in the international arena, has increased the interest in exploring its role in world politics. Thus new approaches to the analysis of the factors that influence the Japanese foreign policy thinking should be held.A comprehensive approach to this topic gives an opportunity to explore the global and regional aspects of Japan's foreign policy, following the example of Ukraine, to analyze the main dynamics and position of new challenges and threats. The article is devoted to the study of preconditions, factors, tendencies, directions and peculiarities of formation of Ukrainian-Japanese relations at the present stage.The main priority directions of the foreign policy of Japan at the present stage, the mechanisms of their implementation and the place of Ukrainian-Japanese relations in this system of values are defined in the work. The basic spheres of realization of economic diplomacy of Japan on the example of Ukraine are analyzed.According to the results of research on the basis of cooperation between the Ukrainian-Japanese relations both at the bilateral level and within the framework of international organizations, there are no contradictions and consistent policies. Implementation of modern energy-saving technologies in energy, industry, municipal sector, involvement of Japanese investments in the development of transport and energy infrastructure of Ukraine, as well as the agrarian sector, in particular its material and technical base, remain promising areas of cooperation.In the international arena, Japan reaffirms its continued support for Ukraine's “sovereignty and territorial integrity”, and Ukraine supports Japan in its bid to become a permanent member of the UN Council.

Japanese revisionists’ meddling backfires

The Japanese government is taking off the gloves with academics who research, write, and talk about sordid or awkward aspects of Japan’s twentieth-century history. This campaign ranges from harassm...

Clinical Genetics in Japan: Efforts of Human Genetics Societies and Related Organizations.

The Japanese government finally started measures to promote the realization of genomic medicine that can promote the accumulation of individual genomic information for improving medical care in 2015. However, readiness in terms of social infrastructure (including legal, administrative, ethical, and educational aspects in Japan) remains inadequate. Associations related to medical genetics have been making consistent efforts to realize genomic medicine by establishing guidelines, nurturing genetic professionals, providing support for constructing cross-disciplinary medical systems, enriching genetic education, etc., and it is important that the Japanese government supports these initiatives.

Text mining of tourism preference in a multilingual site

There is a huge demand on multilingual tourism information of Japan because of the increasing number of tourists from foreign countries. Most of them may expect typical and stereotyped culture, nature, and modern society of Japan. However, people from different backgrounds, cultures, and languages might expect different aspects of Japan, as well. In this paper, we analyze these kinds of differences as the cultural tourism preference for Japan. We propose a machine‐learning‐based method to figure out the cultural tourism preference of people of different countries based on comparing the access logs to a multilingual tourism information site in different languages. We focus our discussion on the pages accessed in Thai and Vietnamese languages. Our research result shows that for Thai tourists the characteristic features are the famous places in an area and local specialties, but Vietnamese tourists pay much more attention to facilities and location of hotels. This difference was not observable by naive extraction of keywords and their visualization. This result has been used as a guide to the further creation of content in the tourism information site. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Defining the Boundaries of Legally Binding Treaties – Some Aspects of Japan’s Practice in Treaty-Making in Light of State Practice

Abstract The boundaries between legally binding treaties and non-legally binding instruments have long been a subject of dispute. The ICJ judgments suggest focus on ‘the actual terms and to the particular circumstances in which it was drawn up’ in order to determine the legal nature of an instrument. This article explores some aspects of Japan’s practice in treaty-making in light of State practice, aiming at uncovering the approach and thinking behind State practice in treaty-making.

일본정치의 우경화와 민족주의 구분 필요성에 대한 小考: 한국인의 관점을 중심으로

일본정치의 우경화와 민족주의 구분 필요성에 대한 小考: 한국인의 관점을 중심으로

Sakura’s Cherry Blossoms by R. Weston

Weston, Robert Paul. Illus. Misa Saburi. Sakura’s Cherry Blossoms. Tundra Books, 2018.Sakura, a little girl whose name means “cherry blossom”, shares picnics and stories with her grandmother under the cherry blossom tree near their home in Japan. When Sakura and her mother and father immigrate to North America while her grandmother remains in Japan, the little girl deals with the challenges of adjusting to life in a new country and grieving when her grandmother dies. As the seasons change and spring returns, Sakura comes to understand her grandmother’s wisdom about the importance of friendship. Themes of intergenerational relationships, mourning the loss of a family member, cross-cultural friendships, and the healing power of time all are represented in this book.Author Robert Paul Weston uses a poetry approach to storytelling, a call-back one of his earlier books, Zorgamazoo. This time, the author presents Sakura’s Cherry Blossoms as a series of Tanka, a traditional Japanese non-rhyming form of poetry whose spare and brief structure is well-suited to depicting each event in the story. Weston includes an explanation of Tanka at the end of the book and encourages young readers to create their own poems following this format.The text and illustrations introduce readers to linguistic and cultural aspects of Japan, including traditional foods, clothing, games, and names. It captures the sense of loneliness, disconnection and culture shock people can experience in a new environment, and gently depicts the gradual healing process, culminating in Sakura blossoming with renewed energy, wisdom, and happiness.Highly Recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Maria TanMaria is a health sciences librarian at the University of Alberta and a former editorial team member of the Deakin Review. She is the co-author, with Sandy Campbell, of A Selective Collection of Children’s Health Fiction 2014 – 2016, described in the Volume 6 (3) issue of the Deakin Review.

Japanese healthcare: Fostering competition and controlling costs.

Japan's universal healthcare system is relatively inexpensive, provides accessible services, and was established nearly 10 years before Canada's. Two aspects of Japan's system are particularly interesting. The first is that there is active competition for patients between a variety of hospital providers, which can be privately or publicly owned. This competition is based on service quality because prices are set centrally. The second feature is that these prices are adjusted biannually by a National Council, the Chuikyo, that includes payers (employers), providers, and third-party experts in public negotiations. This process improves transparency, reduces political stakes, and allows for appropriate fee adjustments. Recent movements in Canada toward more activity-based funding and greater management accountability are developing the capabilities of healthcare executives to embrace these ideas, if introduced in Canada. The increased autonomy afforded to providers will empower their leaders to make strategic decisions to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare services.

The Relationship between Content Creation and Monetization by Consumers

1. IntroductionJapanese content is globally considered cool or trend and a component of Japan's advancement in the content industry. The industry is assumed, particularly in overseas markets, to have substantial growth potential (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2015). Japanese pop culture products not only represent a global phenomenon but also enter the realm of artwork (Nobuoka, 2010). The source of Japan's competitiveness in the content industry is considered to be the large number of consumers who possess great creativity. It is difficult for corporate organizations to develop such creativity in employees; therefore, creative individuals must be sought out among consumers (Katsumata & Ichikohji, 2013). Some aspects of Japan's competitiveness in the content industry can be found in the creative works of consumers.This study focuses on amateur manga (comic), which is called doujinshi,1 and the activities of the consumers who create them with reference to manga, which exerts a strong influence worldwide among Japan's content industry. The study first surveys the aspects of doujinshi highlighted in prior research. These aspects are summarized into four areas: history and current status, overseas trends, gender aspects, and copyrights. Next, this study notes that prior research has not focused on consumers who create works across multiple content categories and suggests three hypotheses concerning the relationship between creation and monetization, which form the basis for a research model. To test the hypotheses, an online survey was conducted among 2,593 consumers, which generated the following results: 1. Consumers who create works in one content category tend to do so in other categories. 2. Consumers who monetize their own work in one content category tend to do so in other categories. 3. Consumers who create works in multiple content categories tend to monetize their own works.2. Prior Research on DoujinshiThe study surveyed prior research on doujinshi and categorized this research into four areas. 1. Clarification of the historical development and current status of doujinshi in Japan (Kinsella, 1998; Nobuoka, 2010; Orbaugh, 2003). 2. Clarification of the current status of doujinshi outside Japan (Chen, 2007; Lamerichs, 2013). 3. Examination of the significance of doujinshi from a gender theory perspective (Bollmann, 2010; Chen, 2007; Chou, 2010; Orbaugh, 2003). 4. Examination of copyrights that impact Japanese doujinshi (He, 2014; Lee, 2009; Lessig, 2004; Mehra, 2002). The major studies in each of these areas are introduced below.Doujinshi history and current statusKinsella (1998) noted that Japan's amateur manga movement was the largest subculture in modern Japan and described the historical development of this movement as follows. With the rapid spread of inexpensive offset printing starting in the early 1970s, doujinshi sales conventions proliferated. During this period, companies publishing or selling doujinshi emerged, and the doujinshi market has expanded since the mid-1980s. There were also qualitative changes to doujinshi produced during this time. In the early 1980s, parody manga became popular in addition to original works, and in the late 1980s, there was an increase in publications aimed at men rather than at women.Orbaugh (2003) summarized the history of commercial manga and doujinshi development and noted that compared to commercial manga, amateur manga (or doujinshi) were unusual, experimental, and controversial. In addition, the author showed that female doujinshi creators,2 such as Keiko Takemiya, CLAMP, and Rumiko Takahashi, were successful in breaking into commercial manga.3Nobuoka (2010) examined the importance of Tokyo's Akihabara district in the competitiveness of Japan's unique popular culture. Nobuoka (2010) noted that while doujinshi targeting females were sold primarily in Ikebukuro, doujinshi targeting males were sold in such Akihabara retail stores as Mandarake rather than at conventions such as Comic Market (or Comiket). …

新義州税関資料からみた戦間期の朝鮮・満洲間粟貿易―日本の食料供給システムの一断面―

新義州税関資料からみた戦間期の朝鮮・満洲間粟貿易―日本の食料供給システムの一断面―

Taxation and Development in Japan

This paper discusses whether, and the extent to which, Japan supports the use of tax laws to encourage economic activities in targeted regions, in specified countries, or to attract investment within its borders.Starting from a brief introduction of historical background, the paper describes international aspects of Japan’s tax system, measures to counter harmful tax competition and BEPS, and tax incentives for international transactions.The paper is part of a broader comparative research project. It is based on the questionnaire provided by the General Reporter, in preparation for the 19th Congress of the International Academy for Comparative Law held in Vienna in July 2014. The developments referenced reflect legislation and treaties as in force on June 1, 2015 (including 2015 tax reform).

Militarizing Japan’s Southwest Islands: Subnational Involvement and Insecurities in the Maritime Frontier Zone

This paper sheds light on a relatively underexplored aspect of Japan’s recent security changes by examining the subnational level where the impact has been far-reaching. It focuses on Japan’s maritime frontier zone: the Yaeyama Islands located at the southwestern end of the Japanese archipelago and administered as part of Okinawa Prefecture. It argues that while Yaeyama militarization has been primarily a national response to China’s portrayed assertiveness in the East China Sea, it has also been facilitated by the strategic actions of local political elites, in cooperation with sympathetic extra-local forces. Political elites from two islands, Yonaguni and Ishigaki, have been motivated primarily by diverging material and ideational factors. Yonaguni elites have viewed militarization largely through the prism of “compensation politics.” Their counterparts in Ishigaki have been driven by more ideological objectives, seeking militarization for deterrence purposes and otherwise transforming the island into a rightist breeding ground in defence of Japanese territory. Yaeyama militarization has not only diminished enthusiasm for seeking autonomy and enhancing economic security through microregional cooperation, but has also enhanced local-level insecurities while creating and exacerbating divisions.

O Japão visto de Portugal: Exploração usando um corpo de textos jornalísticos

The Portuguese were the first Europeans establishing contact with Japan in the 16th century. They wrote about what they had seen there, which was the start of a long history of documenting Japan in Portugal. Even though the relationship between the two countries had its ups and downs throughout the times, fascination for Japan among the Portuguese seems to continue.
 
 The goal of the study reported in this article was to identify which aspects of Japan most drawn the attention of Portuguese media in the 90s. Concordances and frequencies from the CETEMPúblico corpus, containing texts published in the Portuguese daily newspaper PÚBLICO in the 90s, and a combination of automatic and manual processes, were used for that purpose.