Aspects Of Health Promotion Research Articles

From Research to Action—Impactful Intervention Arenas

More than half the world’s population lives in cities and two thirds of 425 million people with diabetes live in cities. That makes cities a focal point for tackling diabetes. As part of Cities Changing Diabetes (CCD) five diverse cities (Copenhagen, Houston, Mexico City, Shanghai, Tianjin) have implemented actions based on 740 individual interviews with people with type 2 diabetes or at increased risk of developing it. Based on participants’ perspectives on socio-cultural barriers to live a healthy life action plans were created relevant to the local diabetes challenge and city context and tailor-made interventions were designed. CCD is a partnership between Novo Nordisk A/S, University College London, and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen aiming to map the diabetes challenge, understand risk and vulnerability to type 2 diabetes, and design interventions tailor-made to the respective city context. In the cities the program is driven by local partnerships in a collaborative working approach bringing together city governments, academics, businesses, city planners, patient organizations, faith-based organizations, and other non-governmental organizations. The research insights led to four arenas for impactful interventions: Health promoting policies by incorporating awareness and understanding of type 2 diabetes into local policies to address the diabetes challenge and improve overall health. Urban planning by integrating health-promoting aspects such as walkability and bikeability in urban planning to increase the ability to live a healthy life. Community involvement by strengthening communities around citizens vulnerable to diabetes to build resilience, improve diabetes care and quality of life. Health system strengthening by building capacity into the local healthcare system to help vulnerable citizens to access it. In conclusion, insights from the research have directly guided development of city-specific tailor-made interventions within four arenas. Disclosure A. Napier: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. N. Lund: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. M. Bagger: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. B.B. Jensen: None.

Lifestyle of the elderly living in rural and urban areas measured by the FANTASTIC Life Inventory.

A healthy lifestyle can help older people maintain their functional ability and, therefore, satisfaction with life. An important aspect of health promotion is the assessment of lifestyle factors over which patients have some control. The aim of this study was to analyze the lifestyle of the elderly in urban and rural areas using the Fantastic Life Inventory (FLI). The research group comprised 138 people aged 65-94 years (M = 72.41, SD = 6.90). Participants were recruited from urban 78 (56.5%) and rural 60 (43.5%) areas. The FLI used in this study has 25 closed-ended questions that explore nine domains, including physical, psychological, and social lifestyle components. The overall lifestyle of most seniors was 'excellent' (45.7%) or 'very good' (41.3%); none of the respondents scored in the lowest category - 'needs improvement'. The domains that mostly demonstrated the need for a change were related to activity, nutrition, insight, sleep, stress. Participants from rural areas tended to have lower scores in the activity (p= 0.017) and nutrition (p= 0.015) domains. The lifestyle of the elderly is determined by several factors, including age, gender, health status, level of education, and the place of residence. The majority of older persons demonstrated an 'excellent' or 'very good' lifestyle with healthy habits. The adoption of healthy lifestyle patterns, in particular a regular balanced diet and proper physical activity, can help prevent functional limitations among the elderly in rural areas.

Trusting and dependable sibling relationships as social capital among African American youth

ABSTRACTBackground: Although it is well known that the relationship between siblings has demonstrable influence on positive youth development, little is known about which aspects of the sibling relationship influence health promotion in African Americans. Research on the role that siblings play in buffering the exposure and use of marijuana and participation in risky sexual behavior is rare, despite the documented link between risky sex and marijuana use among African Americans.Methods: In the current study, we use the National Comorbidity Survey- Adolescent (NCS-A), which is a nationally representative face-to-face survey of adolescents aged 13–18 years to investigate the extent to which a dependable and a trusting sibling relationship moderates the relationship between marijuana use and risky sexual behavior.Results: Trusting and dependable sibling relationships moderated the relationship between marijuana use and condom use, but not between marijuana use and number of sexual partners.Conclusion: Our results suggest that interventions aiming at nurturing and strengthening sibling relationships, especially social support, may have an impact on reducing risky behaviors among African American youth.

PERAN KADER ANTI PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA BERBASIS PELAJAR OLEH BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL SURABAYA

BNN is one of the institutions in Indonesia that handle drugs abused problems in the country. The results of BNN survey found that drug abused suspects reached 3.1 million to 3.6 million people in 2008 which was dominated by students. One of BNN Surabaya eff orts in overcoming a drug abusing and illicit drug traffi cking is by forming student-based cadres. The cadres consist of several schools in Surabaya and they are trained to run in accordance with their role. The role of the cadre itself is to become an extension of BNN Surabaya for disseminating the danger of drug abuse in around student circles or peer group. This research was a descriptive research, used case study design. Informants inthis study were P2M BNN Surabaya and some cadres of both female and male students who around at 15–17 years old. Data were collected by interview which contain of explanations by P2M about the formation of cadres and the tasks assigned to the cadres as well as by interview when fi eld off with the cadres. The results showed that the role of cadre in school environment is as Peer Counselor, Peer Educator, and Peer Leadership. Within achieving the success of the role of cadres, it could be seen from health promotion aspect by looking at the level of knowledge, attitude, action and able to communicatewell in order to indicate success in these activities can be achieved.Keywords: cadres, students, drugs abused

A home among the gum trees: the Victorian Sanatorium for consumptives, Echuca and Mount Macedon

The history of the treatment of tuberculosis in Australia has largely been focused on the development of medical treatments, the architectural features of custom-built sanatoria and the human impact of the disease in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These discussions often mention contemporary debates amongst medical men and the laity regarding the best treatment, but the influence of medical climatology in deciding where medical facilities should be placed is often overlooked. The first sanatorium in the Colony of Victoria had two branches: Echuca and Mount Macedon. These two locations differ in terms of altitude, the surrounding forest and meteorological variation. Yet, both sites were considered suitable at the time for the location of a sanatorium, possibly due to the health-promoting and aesthetic aspects of nearby eucalypt forests. This article explores why they may at first modernly appear to be substantially different locations, but contemporary medical climatology emphasised their similarities.

Impact of Spiritual Behavior on Self-Reported Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study among Women in the Kailali District of Nepal.

BackgroundDifferent health behaviors influence health and illness. Spiritual well-being is one of the most important aspects of health promotion. The aim of this study was to identify the association between spiritual behavior in relation to meditation, worship, and physical exercise during yoga with self-reported disease/illness among women of the Kailali district of Nepal.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study with 453 randomly selected women in the Kailali district of Nepal within 1 municipality and 4 village development committees (VDC) using cluster sampling. We used a semi-structured interview to collect the data for selected respondents. Socioeconomics, lifestyle, self-care, and spiritual behavior variables were independent variables, and self-reported illness in the past year was a dependent variable. Descriptive statistics, chi square, hierarchical logistic regression for odds ratio, and 95% CI were used when appropriate.ResultsStudy results showed that 89% of participants were from the rural area, 29.3% were housewives, 51.4% had no formal education, 43.2% used tobacco, 42.1% did yoga, and 16.9% engaged in regular worship. Self-reported illness was associated with safe toilet-using behavior, tobacco use, junk food consumption, yoga and regular exercise, worship, and regular sleeping habits. Comparing odds ratios and 95% CIs, the women who had safe toilet behavior and did not use tobacco were 2.48 (1.98–7.98) and 2.86 (1.74–7.34) times less likely to be ill, respectively. Likewise, women who consumed junk food; did not regularly exercise, meditate, or worship; and had irregular sleeping habits were 1.65 (1.32–4.61), 2.81(1.91–5.62), 2.56 (2.01–4.88), 4.56 (3.91–8.26), and 2.45 (2.12–5.03) times more likely to become ill, respectively.ConclusionOur study concludes that spiritual behavior is effective for better health and low risk for disease occurrence. A spiritual health policy and separate curriculum for basic education and medical education should be promoted globally, and further research is recommended.

Investigate the factors related to the intention to perform physical activity based on the theory of ‎planned behavior among high school female students of Ahvaz city

Background and Objective: Physical activity is one of the most important aspects of health promotion and one of the predictors of death and disability worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the factors related to intention to perform physical activity based on the theory of planned behavior among high school female students of Ahvaz city, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed among 163 high school female students randomly selected from two girls' public schools in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2016. Data were gathered using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the theory of planned behavior constructs including attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and intention. To analyze the data, linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were run in SPSS, version 23. Results: The mean age of the participants was 13.76±0.89 years. The regression model showed that the attitude (β=0.46, P<0.001) and perceived behavior control (β=0.15, P<0.05) constructs were predictors of physical activity intention. This model could explain 40% of the variance in physical activity intention. Subjective norms (P<0.057, β=0.14) were not significant predictors of the intention. Conclusion: We recommend using the theory of planned behavior and paying more attention to the attitude construct, as the strongest predictor of intention, in designing educational interventions to promote physical activity among female students.

Physical activity perceptions and behaviors among young adults with congenital heart disease: A mixed-methods study.

A physically active lifestyle can help maintain positive physical and psychosocial health outcomes among adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study explored the physical activity perceptions and behaviors among young adults with CHD. This was a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study that included objectively measured physical activity assessment (accelerometer), individual semistructured interviews, and psychosocial questionnaires. Fifteen participants (67% male; 21 ± 3 years old) with moderate (n = 10) or complex (n = 5) CHD were recruited from an outpatient adult CHD clinic. Participants accumulated 26 ± 16 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, and reported a high quality of life, moderate self-efficacy for exercise, and low cardiac-focused anxiety. Qualitative data indicated that participants reported more positive perceptions toward activity if their family members encouraged physical activity participation, including siblings that engaged in physical activity alongside participants. Participants described parents as supportive rather than overprotective. Activity precautions were perceived by participants as being instructions from cardiologists rather than restrictions by parents. Participants described some physical limitations compared to peers, but managed challenges by either working within their limitations or choosing activities that met their expectations and/or in which they could fully participate. Participants often described childhood physical activity in the context of school, physical education, and organized sports. Whereas physical activity in childhood was viewed as recreational, the cardiac health-promoting aspects became more prominent in adulthood. Activities performed during one's employment were considered sufficient to meet physical activity recommendation levels, and participants reported limited time and/or energy to participate in activity outside of work. The influence of family appeared to help participants adopt a positive perception toward activity participation in childhood that was carried forward to young adulthood. Future clinical work should target adolescents with CHD with less social supports and/or negative perceptions toward physical activity.

Current Research Activities on Person-Centered Medicine in Academic Institutes of General Practice in Germany and Austria

Person-centered medicine (PCM) with its focus on humanistic-biographical-oriented medicine and integrated, positive-salutogenic health is a central aspect in the patient-physician relationship in general practice. The objective of this analysis is to assess the prevalence and type of research project in academic institutions of general practice in Germany (Ger) and Austria (At) and the thematic priorities of the projects in the areas PCM, health promotion (HP), prevention (PRE) and conventional medicine (CM). A search was conducted (September-December 2015) on the websites of 30 institutes and divisions of general medicine for their current research projects. The retrieved projects were assigned to five categories: PCM, HP, PRE, CM and others. Subsequently, we identified the targeted patient groups of the projects as well as the thematic focus in the categories PCM, HP, PRE and CM with focus on PCM and HP. 541 research projects were identified, 452 in Germany and 89 in Austria. Research projects were only included if they were explicitly indicated as research-oriented. Seventy projects addressed PCM aspects, 15 projects HP aspects, 32 projects PRE aspects and 396 projects CM aspects. The most frequently target groups in the categories PCM (24 of 70) and HP (7 of 15) were chronically ill patients. The most common thematic focus in PCM was communication (13 of 70) and in HP, physical activity (6 of 15). The vast majority of research projects investigated conventional medical topics. The percentage of research activities in the field of PCM (13%) or PCM including HP (16%) in Ger and At is below the European average of 20%. From our point of view, PCM and HP need to be implemented to a greater extent in general practice.

NUTRİONAL KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF ADULT PRİSONERS İN AMASYA, TURKEY

Prisoners and convicts are deprived of important aspects of health promotion, health education and disease prevention and tend to have poorer health status in comparison to the general public. This study, was planned to determine the level of nutritional knowledge of adult prisoners and convicts in Amasya E Type Closed Penal Institution and understand the training requirement for theses individuals. The questionnaire comprising of questions aimed to measure nutriton knowledge levels were administered on 200 individualsbetween April 2014 and March 2015 by means of face-to-face interview method. Regarding training undertaken in the prison, 76.5% stated that they had not undertaken any kind of training during their stay. Of the training provided, 85.4%were in non-health related fields. Half of the participants mentioned that they obtained nutrition related knowledge from mass media as newspaper, TV and internet. Questions regarding food sources of certain nutrients were answered correctly by less than 50% of the participants. The nutrition knowledge level were found to be incorrect or limited. It was suggested that nutriton and health related trainings were to be organized at regular intervals to increase the awareness and improve food habits of the individuals.

The S-layer Associated Serine Protease Homolog PrtX Impacts Cell Surface-Mediated Microbe-Host Interactions of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM.

Health-promoting aspects attributed to probiotic microorganisms, including adhesion to intestinal epithelia and modulation of the host mucosal immune system, are mediated by proteins found on the bacterial cell surface. Notably, certain probiotic and commensal bacteria contain a surface (S-) layer as the outermost stratum of the cell wall. S-layers are non-covalently bound semi-porous, crystalline arrays of self-assembling, proteinaceous subunits called S-layer proteins (SLPs). Recent evidence has shown that multiple proteins are non-covalently co-localized within the S-layer, designated S-layer associated proteins (SLAPs). In Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, SLP and SLAPs have been implicated in both mucosal immunomodulation and adhesion to the host intestinal epithelium. In this study, a S-layer associated serine protease homolog, PrtX (prtX, lba1578), was deleted from the chromosome of L. acidophilus NCFM. Compared to the parent strain, the PrtX-deficient strain (ΔprtX) demonstrated increased autoaggregation, an altered cellular morphology, and pleiotropic increases in adhesion to mucin and fibronectin, in vitro. Furthermore, ΔprtX demonstrated increased in vitro immune stimulation of IL-6, IL-12, and IL-10 compared to wild-type, when exposed to mouse dendritic cells. Finally, in vivo colonization of germ-free mice with ΔprtX led to an increase in epithelial barrier integrity. The absence of PrtX within the exoproteome of a ΔprtX strain caused morphological changes, resulting in a pleiotropic increase of the organisms’ immunomodulatory properties and interactions with some intestinal epithelial cell components.

How do primary healthcare and social services enable young people’s participation?

Background and purpose: Participation is a crucial factor in primary healthcare and social services, enabling clients to maintain their own health and well-being. However, adolescents’ participation in service provision may be compromised because they are often not understood or heard as equal clients in encounters with primary services. The aim of this study was to describe 15- to 17-year-olds’ experiences of participation in primary healthcare and social services’ settings. Methods: Data were collected through group interviews ( N = 27) with 106 participants drawn from upper comprehensive schools, upper secondary schools and youth centres in the region of a city in northern Savonia, Finland. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis, using typology technique. Results: Four levels of realisation of participation were identified (inviting, allowing, avoiding and excluding), each with distinctive sets of atmospheres, interactions and experiences of the service received. According to the interviewees, the atmosphere varied from caring to cold, interactions from empowering to discouraging and experience of services from meaningful to threatening. Conclusion: Young people’s participation in health services can be strengthened by creating a positive atmosphere, providing possibilities to be heard and ensuring that support corresponds with individual needs. The indications of aspects of atmosphere, interactions, and clients’ experience that promote or deter adolescents’ participation may assist efforts to improve health and social services by signposting ways to raise realization of participation to the ‘inviting’ level. Study findings are useful for evaluating, strengthening and raising awareness of the importance of participation in all aspects of health promotion (practice, management and education).

Adolescents' Sexual Communication With Their Parents, Peers, and Dating Partners

Communication about sex-related themes is considered a relevant aspect of public health promotion that can shape adolescents' attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Information and values received from such discourses may potentially contribute to adolescents' decisions to either engage in or abstain from sexual activity, and to take risks or be cautious in their sexual behaviors. The present study examined adolescents' sexual communication with their mothers, fathers, peers, and dating partners, through comparing these four sources in contents and their frequencies; and through evaluating adolescents' differences in sexual status (virgins vs. non-virgins), age (under 16 vs. above 16), and gender (girls vs. boys). Data were collected from 1,711 participants aged 12–18.6 (M age=16.48, SD=1.36). Most of them (92%) were born in Israel, and more than half (57%) were girls. Adolescents' self-report questionnaires evaluated sexual communication, using Fisher's (1986) scale. High internal reliability values were found for all sources (Cronbach's alpha levels=.91–.93).

Global Immunizations: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Worldwide.

Immunizations are one of the most important health interventions of the 20th century, yet people in many areas of the world do not receive adequate immunizations. Approximately 3 million people worldwide die every year from vaccine-preventable diseases; about half of these deaths are young children and infants. Global travel is more common; diseases that were once localized now can be found in communities around the world. Multiple barriers to immunizations have been identified. Healthcare access, cost, and perceptions of safety and trust in healthcare are factors that have depressed global immunization rates. Several global organizations have focused on addressing these barriers as part of their efforts to increase immunization rates. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, The World Health Organization, and the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund each have a part of their organization that is concentrated on immunizations. Maternal child nurses worldwide can assist in increasing immunization rates. Nurses can participate in outreach programs to ease the burden of patients and families in accessing immunizations. Nurses can work with local and global organizations to make immunizations more affordable. Nurses can improve trust and knowledge about immunizations in their local communities. Nurses are a powerful influence in the struggle to increase immunization rates, which is a vital aspect of global health promotion and disease prevention.

Religión, Espiritualidad y Enfermería

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o conhecimento divulgado nas publicações sobre religião e espiritualidade na enfermagem. Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura de artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2015 com produções disponíveis em periódicos do Brasil. Recorreu-se às bases de dados LILACS e BDEnf, utilizando os termos “religião”, “espiritualidade” e “enfermagem”. Foram escolhidos 27 artigos, dos quais somente 13 foram utilizados por atenderem ao objetivo do estudo. Os artigos foram agrupados por áreas temáticas: espiritualidade na formação do enfermeiro (46,2%), espiritualidade na prática clínica da enfermagem (38,5%) e o significado da espiritualidade na enfermagem (15,3%). Apesar do reconhecimento do tema sobre espiritualidade e a enfermagem na formação e na área clínica, a literatura aponta que esses profissionais não se sentem preparados para dar assistência espiritual aos pacientes, aspecto essencial para a promoção da saúde.

Health Risks and Benefits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Consumption.

Chickpeas (CPs) are one of the most commonly consumed legumes, especially in the Mediterranean area as well as in the Western world. Being one of the most nutritional elements of the human diet, CP toxicity and allergy have raised health concerns. CPs may contain various antinutritional compounds, including protease inhibitors, phytic acid, lectins, oligosaccharides, and some phenolic compounds that may impair the utilization of the nutrients by people. Also, high consumption rates of CPs have enhanced the allergic problems in sensitive individuals as they contain many allergens. On the other hand, beneficial health aspects of CP consumption have received attention from researchers recently. Phytic acid, lectins, sterols, saponins, dietary fibers, resistant starch, oligosaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, amylase inhibitors, and certain bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and isoflavones have shown the capability of lowering the clinical complications associated with various human diseases. The aim of this paper is to unravel the health risks as well as health-promoting aspects of CP consumption and to try to fill the gaps that currently exist. The present review also focuses on various prevention strategies to avoid health risks of CP consumption using simple but promising ways.

6.S. Poster walk: The ‘Health for All’ aspect of health promotion

6.S. Poster walk: The ‘Health for All’ aspect of health promotion

Satisfaction of the employees with educational aspects of workplace health promotion in Bulgaria

Satisfaction of the employees with educational aspects of workplace health promotion in Bulgaria

Development of a tool to guide clinical decision making in the management of physical function in ambulant adults with cerebral palsy

The health disorders experienced by adults ageing with cerebral palsy (CP) are unique and differ from those encountered in the general population and in those ageing with acquired disability. This study aimed to design a clinical decision making tool to enhance person-centred care in the primary care sector for adults with CP. Using participatory action research methodology, fifteen practitioners from a range of health disciplines were interviewed regarding the management of ambulant adults with CP. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts enabled generation of a flow chart and assessment/intervention table to guide management. Recommendations were supported with available evidence. Stakeholder review (three adults with CP) of the pilot version was sought. Issues, prompting questions, suggested options for management, possible outcome measures, suggested referrals and level of evidence were included as key elements of the tool. Seventeen health issues were identified, with particular emphasis on the need to implement strategies to proactively manage mobility decline and falls. A clinical decision making tool to assist the management of ambulant adults with CP by primary care practitioners was developed. It prompts practitioners to consider both acute care issues and health promotion aspects of physical function, mobility and falls prevention. Utility may be enhanced by an electronic version of the tool.

Vigilância de ambientes da febre maculosa: explorando as áreas silenciosas do Brasil

This study described the interventions in quiet areas of Brazil, from the aspect of health promotion. The areas were evaluated from 2014 to 2015, including the following Federal Units: Mato Grosso do Sul, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Rondonia, Roraima, Rio Grande do Norte and Maranhao. Data on surveillance spotted fever were evaluated by notification forms available in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), as well as vectors and the spotted fever group rickettsial infections (SFGR). A total of 1,528 vectors were collected from ten different species, whose the highest diversity was observed in Rondonia. In this study, 85% of States which were investigated showed SFGR in vectors or human, and Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondonia and Pernambuco were the most prevalent ones. The results showed the necessity of ongoing training of health and environment professionals in order to improve data about the presence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among us.