Ethical Aspects Research Articles

Navigating Ethics and Regulation: The Role of AI in Modern Financial Services

In this paper, I delve into the ethical and regulatory aspects of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the finance sector. As AI technologies increasingly influence financial decision-making, addressing issues of fairness, transparency, and regulation becomes crucial. The research will involve reviewing relevant academic literature, industry reports, and regulatory documents to gather information and insights on the ethical and regulatory dimensions of AI in finance. My research focuses on three main areas: the presence of bias in AI-driven financial decisions, the regulatory challenges hindering ethical AI deployment, and the need for transparency and explainability in AI processes. By examining these aspects, I argue that mitigating bias, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and promoting clarity in AI applications are essential for building trust and ensuring ethical practices in financial services. Key findings include the presence of bias in AI-driven financial decisions, the need for updated regulatory frameworks to address AI complexities, and the importance of transparency and explainability in AI processes. These elements are crucial for building trust and ensuring ethical practices in financial services. Ultimately, this work advocates for a collaborative approach among regulators, financial institutions, and AI developers to create a more equitable financial ecosystem.

Trend Analysis and Research Opportunities in Artificial Intelligence Ethics for Fraud Detection

This study provides a bibliometric analysis of ethical considerations in AI applications for fraud detection based on data from ScienceDirect spanning 2020 to 2024. The analysis identifies “artificial intelligence” as a core focus in the literature, alongside a marked increase in attention to ethical concerns, including data privacy, transparency, and accountability. Additionally, the study reveals progress in applying advanced technologies like blockchain, ChatGPT, and fintech within fraud detection frameworks, which increasingly demand ethical scrutiny. Key findings emphasize the necessity for comprehensive ethical frameworks to ensure transparency, accountability, and public trust in AI-driven fraud detection systems. Practical implications suggest that organizations should prioritize ethical dimensions within AI strategies, enhancing both trust and the effectiveness of detection mechanisms. By using bibliometric analysis, this study finds new trends and gaps in the ethical aspects of using AI to find fraud, which adds new information that hasn’t been fully explored in other studies.

Bibliometric analysis and trends related to dental tourism: Qualitative, social, economic and ethical implications.

This article delves into the multifaceted realm of dental tourism, scrutinizing patient incentives, economic ramifications, and ethical aspects. An in-depth 2023 analysis discerns research gaps, underscoring the necessity for a more exhaustive investigation to enrich the understanding of the global oral healthcare landscape. Utilizing bibliometric analysis method, the study examines the worldwide trajectory of scientific publications on dental tourism. Employing Scopus, it dissects document types, annual production, authorship, and international collaborations. The results spotlight microvariables derived from Saxena, Deheriya, Datla's macrovariables, unveiling influencers on dental tourism, ranging from social and economic to cultural factors. The study advocates for defined bilateral agreements to ensure quality care and stresses ethical considerations, emphasizing shared standards and legal implications. Economic ramifications, both positive and negative, are discussed, with an expanding global focus on dental tourism evident. In conclusion, the study accentuates micro variables, signaling avenues for future research.

Reproductive cancer cryopreservation services: Patient information, clinical advice, and support.

Fertility preservation services must offer information to patients, prior to their visit, so that they have time to read and digest the information, and also have the opportunity to write down any questions they wish to ask at the oncofertility consultation appointment. Appointments must be offered immediately, based on a specifically designed referral form. Each fertility service providing oncology cryopreservation should have a robust map of the patient's journey to include referral, counseling session, medical consultation, informed consent, treatment plan, and follow-up. Consent for fertility preservation should only be obtained after thorough assessment and discussion with the patient. It must contain basic aspects such as duration of storage, right to dispose or choose alternatives, wishes about stored material if death occurs, and need for patient contact on an annual basis. Appropriate legal advice should be sought in the process of establishing oncology cryopreservation services, most importantly related to patient consent. Ethical and legal aspects of fertility cryopreservation must be considered in the provision of care for cancer patients. Cancer patients attending for cryopreservation have significant concerns in relation to the success of the process, time frame to return for cancer treatment, and safety. Two major nonmedical aspects, coping ability and mortality, are best addressed by counselors and highlight the need to offer this type of psychological support to all cancer patients attending for fertility preservation. The role of genetic counseling is to discuss any potential risks of transmission of the disease to the resulting offspring and offer genetic testing when appropriate. A service based on availability of comprehensive information coupled with in-house implications counseling will have a positive impact and improve the overall care of patients attending for fertility cryopreservation and this should be standard care.

Robotics in Elderly Healthcare: A Qualitative Analysis of 20 Recent European Research Projects

Studies foresee a dramatic increase in the elderly population of Western Europe over the next decades, putting pressure on healthcare systems. Healthcare robots are developed to facilitate independent living for elderly people. This paper aims to provide a qualitative analysis of recent projects in healthcare robotics (2008-2024) and proposes new research directions for healthcare robots for older adults. We provide an overview of current research and a roadmap for upcoming research. Our study began with a literature search using four databases. Searches were performed for articles from research projects containing the words “elderly care”, “assisted aging”, “health monitoring”, or “elderly health”. Additional exclusion criteria were used to focus on elderly healthcare and utilization of commercial robotic systems. Resulting from this endeavor, 20 recent research projects are described and categorized in this paper. Then, these projects were analyzed using thematic analysis. Our findings are summarized in common themes: most projects have a strong bias towards care robots’ functionalities; robots are often seen as outsiders in care settings; there is an emphasis on robots as commercial products; and there is some limited attention to the design and ethical aspects of care robots, but very little attention to their legal aspects. The paper concludes with key points representing a roadmap for future research addressing robotics for the elderly.

Bridging the Gap in the Adoption of Trustworthy AI in Indian Healthcare: Challenges and Opportunities

The healthcare sector in India has experienced significant transformations owing to the advancement in technology and infrastructure. Despite these transformations, there are major challenges to address critical issues like insufficient healthcare infrastructure for the country’s huge population, limited accessibility, shortage of skilled professionals, and high-quality care. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions have the potential to lessen the stress on India’s healthcare system; however, integrating trustworthy AI in the sector remains challenging due to ethical and regulatory constraints. This study aims to critically review the current status of the development of AI systems in Indian healthcare and how well it satisfies the ethical and legal aspects of AI, as well as to identify the challenges and opportunities in adoption of trustworthy AI in the Indian healthcare sector. This study reviewed 15 articles selected from a total of 1136 articles gathered from two electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as project websites. This study makes use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). It finds that the existing studies mostly used conventional machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANNs) for a variety of tasks, such as drug discovery, disease surveillance systems, early disease detection and diagnostic accuracy, and management of healthcare resources in India. This study identifies a gap in the adoption of trustworthy AI in Indian healthcare and various challenges associated with it. It explores opportunities for developing trustworthy AI in Indian healthcare settings, prioritizing patient safety, data privacy, and compliance with ethical and legal standards.

Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Organic and Locally Produced Walnuts: A Choice Experiment Approach

Consumers’ increasing concern for their health, the environment, and ethical aspects of food production has generated a growing demand for organic and local produce. Specific information on consumer preferences, at the regional and product level, is necessary for producers to make better decisions. To investigate consumer preferences and their willingness to pay a premium for locally produced and organic walnut systems, we used a discrete choice experiment. Data were collected using face-to-face questionnaires from a representative sample of 501 walnut consumers from the main cities of Puebla, Mexico. The results showed heterogeneous preferences for different types of walnuts, with higher marginal utility and willingness to pay a premium for locally produced and organic nuts. However, lower preference was identified for the latter, with respect to locally produced nuts. Potential buyers of nuts were people under 40 years of age, with a monthly income of more than EUR 1500, and environmental advocates. Our findings provide producers, sellers, and policy makers with useful information that can guide them in developing successful market segmentation, communication, and pricing strategies for the walnut production and marketing.

Relationship between moral courage and clinical competencies among psychiatric nurses

<b>Introduction:</b> The nature of psychiatric departments creates many different challenges for nurses, especially in the field of ethical aspects of patient care. Nurses need moral courage to provide basic care to avoid possible unethical acts.<br /> <b>Objective</b>: This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between moral courage and clinical competence among psychiatric nurses in 2024.<br /> <b>Material and methods:</b> This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 211 psychiatric nurses. The samples were selected via the census method. The data were collected via three questionnaires: (1) demographic information, (2) the Sekerka moral courage questionnaire and (3) the clinical competence questionnaire of Mohtashmi psychiatric nurses. The data were analyzed via SPSS 25.<br /> <b>Results:</b> The findings revealed a positive and significant correlation between “moral courage” and “clinical competence” (p < 0.001, r = 0.55). Among the demographic variables, the t-test revealed that the only variable related to participation in specialized psychiatric nursing courses was moral courage (p = 0.027) and clinical competence (p = 0.002).<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>The results of this study revealed that participation in a specialized psychiatric nursing course is significantly related to moral courage and clinical competence. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing managers and policymakers increase their moral courage by increasing the clinical competence of psychiatric nurses, in addition to improving the quality of nursing care.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Medical Writing: Balancing Technological Innovation and Human Expertise, with Practical Applications in Lower Extremity Wounds Care.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing medical writing by enhancing the efficiency and precision of healthcare communication and health research. This review explores the transformative integration of AI in medical writing, highlighting its dual role of enhancing efficiency while maintaining the crucial elements of human expertise. AI technologies, including natural language processing and AI-driven literature review tools, have significantly advanced, facilitating rapid draft generation, literature summarization, and consistency in medical documentation. Key applications include aiding study design, enhancing content drafting, and optimizing literature reviews through specific AI tools. Moreover, this review delves into practical applications of AI in the context of lower extremity wounds, specifically ischemic leg ulcers, demonstrating how AI can streamline the synthesis of relevant literature. While AI presents notable advantages, it also raises ethical concerns, such as potential biases and data privacy issues, highlighting the need for human oversight in the writing process. A proposed future framework suggests that AI could take over routine tasks, allowing medical writers to devote more attention to analytical and ethical aspects. Additionally, there is a strong need for further research on the cost-effectiveness of both clinical trials utilizing AI interventions and the incorporation of AI in medical writing. Ultimately, balancing the integration of AI in medical writing promises to improve both healthcare communication and health research, ensuring the production of high-quality, patient-centric and research-focused content.

The Dynamics of Ethical Leadership Enhance Customer Orientation in a Competitive Marketplace

Purpose: This study explores ethical leadership dynamics (humane, justice, and moderation leadership) that strengthen customer orientation (CO) under competition environments within Australia. This study seeks to deepen the understanding of how leadership behaviors affect CO at different stages of competitive intensity.Methods: A quantitative approach using survey data collected from 700 managers in a variety of industries in Australia. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed, as well as interaction analysis to assess competitive intensity as a moderator.Results: All three ethical leadership styles significantly promote CO, and moderation leadership is more significantly and positively related to CO than the other two leadership styles. The competitive intensity adds an extra layer to these effects, highlighting that competitive and dynamic contexts make leadership behaviors vital. Synergistic relationships among leadership styles, CO, and competitive intensity are illustrated in interaction plots.Novelty: Previous research examined mostly not all ethical leadership in isolation and this study integrates several ethical leadership styles to understand their collective and individual effects on CO. Moreover, this study expands understanding regarding the dynamics of leadership in the context of real-world competition by introducing competitive intensity as a contextual moderator.Implications: The study provides actionable insights for organizations seeking to develop customer-centric organizations. Leadership training programs should focus on ethical leadership behaviors, especially in highly competitive industries. On an academic front, this research fills the void in literature by showing the metanarrative of the role between ethical leadership styles and environmental aspects.

Use of psychedelic treatments in psychiatric clinical practice: an EPA policy paper.

Recent years show an exponential increased interest ("renaissance") in the use of psychedelics for the treatment of mental disorders and broader. Some of these treatments, such as psilocybin for depression, are in the process of formal regulation by regulatory bodies in the US (FDA) and Europe (EMA), and as such on the brink of real-world implementation. In the slipstream of these developments increasing commercial initiatives are taking shape. The European Psychiatric Association (EPA) acknowledges both the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances and the challenges for both research and clinical implementation. Steps need to be taken toward a well-balanced policy based upon sound scientific evidence and research, aiming at safe, ethical responsible integration of psychedelic therapy available for all patients who can potentially benefit. In this EPA policy paper, we highlight the potential benefits, and also the challenges of psychedelic treatments, which can be relevant for the future real-world implementation of these treatments. In addition to an overview of the current evidence and hypotheses of working mechanisms of psychedelic treatment, this policy paper specifically highlights the importance of the psychosocial components of the treatment as well as the ethical and professional aspects playing a role in real-world implementation. Four recommendations are formulated for further research and clinical implementation.

Exploring the conceptual history of validity in nursing diagnoses: A Koselleckian perspective.

This purpose of this article was to use the method of conceptual history to analyze the evolution of the concept of "validity" in nursing diagnoses and to identify key transformations, theoretical influences, and implications for contemporary clinical judgment and decision-making. Five stages derivate from the approach proposed by Reinhart Koselleck, including: identify the concept and its relevance, historical contextualization, contextual use, semantic changes over time, and synthesis and interpretation. The concept of "validity" in nursing diagnoses is essential for accurate diagnostics, interdisciplinary communication, and evidence-based decision-making, though its interpretation varies due to differing philosophical perspectives and methodological challenges. Historically, "validity" in nursing evolved from empirical methods to theory-driven approaches incorporating psychometric and clinical frameworks. Validation processes have adapted, integrating scientific rigor, ethical considerations, and practical utility, while also reflecting societal, technological, and cultural shifts. Today, the focus is on balancing methodological diversity and evidence-based practice, with a need for continuous quality improvement, interdisciplinary collaboration, cultural sensitivity, and patient involvement. The concept of "validity" in nursing diagnoses has evolved from early empirical methods to its current focus on evidence-based practices, interdisciplinary integration, and cultural sensitivity, emphasizing the need for accurate, technologically informed diagnostics to enhance patient care and guide clinical decision-making. Nursing must integrate diverse perspectives, cultural sensitivity, and technology into its diagnoses, and professionals should be trained in both scientific and ethical aspects to improve patient outcomes.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Creating New Business Models in The Digital Economy: from Digitalisation to Fully Automated Solutions

Purpose of the article is to study the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the transformation of business models in the digital economy. Object of the study are companies implementing AI to automate processes and improve efficiency. Subject of the study is the changes in key elements of business models: the creation, delivery, and monetization of value. Methodology includes the analysis of practical cases, the calculation of return on investment (ROI), and the assessment of reductions in operating costs. Scientific novelty lies in the development of an approach to fully automating AI-based business processes, and identifying related challenges, such as problems with trust in AI systems, and ethical aspects of its use. Practical significance of this work is to demonstrate the need for reviewing existing business models, and investing in AI infrastructure, to increase the competitiveness of companies in the digital economy.

Ethical Aspects in Occupational Health Research: A narrative review of the literature

Introduction: The field of occupational health research is not immune to ethical concerns and has encountered challenges of an ethical and moral reflective nature. Consequently, the research methodologies employed in this area have been epidemiological, facilitating enhanced understanding and gaining insights that inform decisions regarding workers' safety, hygiene, and occupational health while also addressing the ethical considerations pertinent to this population. Objective: To determine which ethical aspects are involved in research in the field of occupational health. Methodology: narrative bibliographic review; the sources of information consulted were three databases: Web of Science, Scielo, and Pubmed, consulted during April and May 2024, in addition, normative documents of the Superintendence of Social Security and the International Commission on Occupational Health were incorporated; the keywords research, occupational health, and ethics were used. The data were analyzed according to content analysis. Results: Each author and their articles delineate the ethical considerations relevant to occupational health research and briefly describe these features. Conclusion: According to the analysis and discussion, it can be determined that ethical aspects are mandatory, and Emanuel's seven requirements could be considered as basic to complying with the ethical aspects of occupational health research.

State of Drowsiness in people with diabetes mellitus II in Mexico City

Introduction: drowsiness is the tendency of a person to fall asleep when faced with any event and may be associated with high blood glucose levels. Objective: to know the state of sleepiness in people with type II diabetes mellitus in Mexico City and if it is a symptom of high glucose levels or lack of control of their diabetes mellitus.Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in adults with type II diabetes mellitus in Mexico City. The state of global sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Scale, valid in the Mexican population, which evaluates the probability of nodding off or staying asleep. asleep in everyday life situations, with a scale from 0 to 3. Regarding ethical aspects, the Declaration of Helsinki and the General Health Law were considered.Results: from April to July 2024, 93 people with type II diabetes mellitus were studied. The average age was 67 years, 76,3 % were female, 33,2 % were widowed and 32,3 % were married. 44,1 % of older adults with DM have excessive sleepiness. People with diabetes mellitus with a sleepiness scale greater than normal are people who have high glucose levels (>/131 mg/dl), with a PR=1.3 and a Fep=0.23Conclusions: excessive sleepiness can be a symptom of high blood glucose levels. Therefore, the nursing professional must carry out an intervention on sleep hygiene

Identidad profesional en fonoaudiólogos(as) que trabajan en Chile

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the professional identity of speech-language-hearing pathologists in Chile. Methods: an exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 14 speech-language-hearing pathologists with at least one year of work experience. Participants were selected by convenience to ensure diversity in their professional practice. The interviews, approximately 40 minutes long, were conducted, remotely, in 2021, addressing ethical aspects, professional roles, and theoretical knowledge. The data were analyzed thematically with ATLAS.ti using a constructivist approach. Results: the results indicate a lack of consensus among interviewees regarding their professional identity. However, they all identify themselves as health professionals with a primarily rehabilitative role, although this is not entirely clear. The challenges are related to identifying opportunities in professional training to develop a professional identity that responds not only to their practice but also to the construction of an identity hallmark that connects them better with the work setting. Conclusion: the professional identity of the participating speech-language-hearing pathologists is mostly limited to health, although diffuse and fragmented. Their perception tends to be self-centered, focused mainly on their work, with limited knowledge of other areas.

The Potential of Science Education for Development of Responsible Citizenship in Ukraine

Our research focuses on how sociocultural processes can foster responsible citizenship in Ukraine through scientific literacy within an overarching philosophical narrative. In particular, the authors aim to outline various dilemmas, beginning with the ambiguities that science education faces when confronting notions of good citizenship within differing sociocultural contexts. Hence, we focus on the ethical and moral aspects of citizenship within a science education agenda that is not reducible to the learning of scientific facts. We show that it is an essential instrument for developing critical rationality, moral judgment and civic involvement. This agenda is centered around the development of scientific literacy, motivating students to engage in their own auto-didactic pursuit of scientific inquiry. The authors maintain that this sense of curiosity and critical engagement is bound to translate into an ability to make sense of difficult ethical and social Ukrainian terrain as well as positively influence approaches to pedagogical education. We further examine Ukrainian science education curriculum in the context of the broader national and global challenges of attaining scientific literacy as a foundational pillar of any future learning and teaching. More specifically, the authors propose a policy rooted in evidence-based inquiry as a centerpiece of all progressive education to allow students to develop the tools they need to become better informed, active citizens able to bring about positive societal shifts. The findings of our study relate to the call for educational reform in Ukraine through the modernization of both its physical and pedagogical infrastructure. The case is made for creating a strong foundation of scientifically-minded attitudes amongst the well-informed citizenry, which will lead to a generation able to consider and address complex ethical and social issues. The research interprets its results in terms of a broader philosophical and educational discourse with a view as to how military conflicts can affect the producing an informed population able to direct its concerted efforts towards the development of sustainable, equitable progress that serves both the individual and society at large.

Situaciones de riesgo para la inseguridad alimentaria como conflictos, desastres y pandemias

Disease-related malnutrition is a reality among hospitalized patients and a recurrent problem due to the lack of diagnosis and actions to treat and even avoid it. The global population is constantly exposed to situations of risk for malnutrition with hunger coexisting in all continents, in different percentages and with greater emphasis in the countries of Africa, South Asia and Latin America. Food insecurity risk situations such as conflict, disasters and pandemics are frequent and further worsen the condition of people already in crisis. Living with hunger promotes a greater vulnerability to malnutrition and the double burden of poor nutrition coexisting with obesity. Both situations, the lack or excess of nutrients, cause susceptibility to diseases or complications of pre-existing comorbidities, which increases the risk of hospitalization, infections, lenght of hospitalization, health costs, disabilities and mortality. It is extremely important to implement validated tools to identify, as soon as possible, patients at risk or with malnutrition to estabilish nutritional support actions and the follow-up of these patients during hospitalization and post-discharge, within the ethical aspects for each situation, in order to provide benefits without maleficence, avoiding complications, readmissions and with a good cost-effectiveness ratio in the care of the inpatient hospitalization. Keywords: malnutrition; food insecurity; nutritional screening; disease-related malnutrition; human rights; sarcopenia

The Role of Nursing in Organ Donation and Transplantation: Ethical, Legal and Clinical Aspects

The Role of Nursing in Organ Donation and Transplantation: Ethical, Legal and Clinical Aspects

Higher Education: Defining the Role and Impact of Artificial Intelligence (Including Dialogues with ChatGPT, GEMINI & BING

The article is devoted to considering the basics of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on other areas, in particular higher education. Various examples were given of how AI is directly or indirectly impacting the field of higher education, as well as how it can be implemented in the educational process. Results of an empirical study aimed at determining what different chatbots “think” about the impact of artificial intelligence on the educational process were presented. Based on their responses, the advantages and disadvantages of AI for each of the key stakeholders (students, teachers, researchers, administrators), strategies for overcoming these disadvantages, as well as ways for educators to adapt to the new educational environment, the ethical aspects of the implementation and use of artificial intelligence, etc. were identified. Conclusions about the need to pay close attention to the field of higher education as one that can influence the adequate perception and use of AI were made