Asiatic Immigrants Research Articles

Quinhentos anos de história social-linguística do Brasil: uma retrospectiva

Neste artigo, procuramos traçar os quinhentos anos de história social-linguística do Brasil, abordando, comentando e criticando momentos que consideramos cruciais ao longo de tal percurso. Assim, começamos pelo século XVI, com a chegada dos colonizadores portugueses, tratando de aspectos como a adoção do tupinambá, por parte destes, como língua de contato inicial, assim como de suas consequências. Em seguida, ainda no mesmo século, abordamos a chegada dos africanos e as consequências linguísticas que este importante fator demográfico traria para o cenário de contato linguístico nos séculos seguintes. Por fim, tratamos da situação linguística brasileira pós-Independência, com ênfase para as línguas indígenas remanescentes, para as línguas da imigração europeia e asiática, que aqui chegaram no século XIX, e para o quadro atual da língua portuguesa no Brasil.

The Egyptian Community in Avaris During the Hyksos Period

Papyrus Rhind and other papyri which were kept and even written or copied in Avaris suggest strongly that the Hyksos employed Egyptian scribes and perhaps even schools of scribes. It is possible that these scribes were employed during the Hyksos Period from the former centres of Egyptian administration, but it is also possible that they were recruited from the Egyptian community in Avaris, which implies that these people were able to keep their Egyptian identity and Egyptian standards of language, culture and writing. This article investigates to what extent the Egyptian community living in Avaris before the settlement of Western Asiatic immigrants was able to keep its identity and under which conditions they were able to survive in Avaris, especially after the takeover by the 15th Dynasty, the Hyksos. The answer to this question is a challenge for archaeology and a test for recognising ethnic markers. Without the possibility of finding papyri because of poor preservation conditions of organic matters, it was still possible to identify the survival of the Egyptian community within the limits of the old walled settlement of the Middle Kingdom at cEzbet Rushdi. It is a quarter where no intramural inhumations – a typical ethnic marker of Near Eastern settlements of the Middle Bronze Age – could be found. On top of this evidence, the area without inhumations was extended to the south beyond the original borders of the town during the Hyksos Period. The neighbouring living quarters have, however, intramural inhumations and at the same time provided finds of the toggle pin – a part of Canaanite dress. The toggle pin was entirely missing in the quarter thought to be inhabited by the Egyptian community.

The European ruminants during the "Microbunodon Event" (MP28, Latest Oligocene): impact of climate changes and faunal event on the ruminant evolution.

The Earth already experienced numerous episodes of global warming and cooling. One of the latest impressive events of temperature rising was the Late Oligocene Warming that occurred around 25 Mya. An increase of the marine temperature of 2 to 4°C has been observed in a short time interval. In Europe, this major climatic event can be correlated to the continental faunal turnover “Microbunodon Event”. This event is marked by a huge faunal turnover (40% of the ungulate fauna during the first 500k years) and environmental changes. Drier conditions associated to the appearance of the seasonality lead to new environmental conditions dominated by wooded savannahs. This is correlated to a major arrival of Asiatic immigrants. Moreover, from a homogenous fauna during the main part of the Oligocene, local climatic variations between the European Western coast and the more central Europe could have provided faunal regionalism during the latest Oligocene and earliest Miocene. Considering the ruminants, this event is the major ever known for this group in Europe. A total renewal at the family level occurred. Thanks to a precise stratigraphic succession, major evolutionary elements are highlighted. Typical Oligocene species, mainly Tragulina, were adapted to wooded environments and were leaves/fruits eaters. They disappeared at the end of MP27 or the early MP28. This corresponds to the appearance of the Asiatic immigrants. The Tragulina (Lophiomerycidae, Bachitheriidae) and stem Pecora gave way to more derived stem and maybe crown Pecora (e.g. “Amphitragulus”, Babameryx, Dremotherium). These newcomers were adapted to more open environments and mixed feeding. The disappearance of the Tragulina is probably linked to environmental and vegetation changes, and competition. They give way to more derived ruminants having a more efficient metabolism in drier conditions and a better assimilation of less energetic food.

Power, Immigration and the “Prescribed Amount” Rule: The Canadian Government and the Syrians in the Early Twentieth Century

Un règlement gouvernemental prescrivant que les immigrants «asiatiques» aient avec eux un montant minimum d’argent pour entrer au Canada, est fut intégré à un assemblage d’instruments et de procédures établis par l’État canadien au début du vingtième siècle pour limiter l’immigration en provenance d’Asie. Parmi ces «Asiatiques», les Syriens furent particulièrement affectés par ce règlement. En 1911-1912, ils ont contesté cette mesure de contrôle. Ce fut un tournant important pour l’action politique du groupe syrien et en termes de sa relation de pouvoir avec l’État. Cette action d’opposition était pourtant sérieusement limitée. Elle s’objectait au mode d’exécution de la règlementation du «montant prescrit», ainsi que de ses présuppositions sur les Syriens. Elle a cependant aussi manifesté son alignement avec la façon générale de penser concernant les populations, les «races» et les immigrants «souhaitables» qui donnaient une base justificatrice aux pratiques du pouvoir d’État. Cet article examine cet épisode de tension et de contention dans les rapports entre l’État et les Syriens dans le cas canadien, dans le but d’y approfondir la compréhension des relations de pouvoir dans le domaine de l’immigration.

Chinese in Texas:

Beginning in Caliiomia, the view that Chinese immigration was a threat to the American labor force spread throughout the United States in the late 19th century. What began as an economic issue became a cultural problem which required measures to curb the tide of Asiatic immigration. In 1882 and continuing for the next sixtv vears. Conmess suspended, denied, and restricted the immigration of Chinese and Chinese-Americans and provided for the deportation of thousands of Chinese laborers. It was only during World War II that Congress revealed the Chinese Exclusion Acts. The records generated by these acts can be found in the National Archives-Regional Archives System. Chinese immigration records, containing a wealth of material, can be found in records generated by the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S. District Courts. These records provide a unique resource, yet few historians are aware of their existence. This paper describes the resources in Texas.

Middle Miocene fossil plants from Fort Ternan (Kenya) and evolution of African grasslands

New evidence from fossil plants at the Middle Miocene fossil quarry near Fort Ternan, Kenya, together with that from paleosols, allow reconstruction of a mosaic of early successional woodland (on Dhero paleosols), grassy woodland (on Chogo clay eroded phase and ferruginized nodule variant paleosols) and wooded grassland (on type Chogo and Onuria clay paleosols). This grassy open vegetation was on a high plateau of phonolite at the foot of a carbonatite-nephelinite stratovolcano, which probably supported dry Afromontane forest, alpine meadows, and marsh. This earliest savanna-mosaic vegetation yet documented from Africa, was probably recruited from dry lateritic soils elsewhere in Africa during climatic drying and cooling some 15 Ma. These early grassland ecosystems were very different from Early Miocene forest ecosystems of East Africa, but not altogether like modern grasslands either. Already present were grasses with dense growth and rich in silica bodies, and abundant antelope with moderately high crowned teeth and cursorial limb structure. These mammalian adaptations to grasslands, however, were not nearly so pronounced as they are in modern African grassland faunas, which include zebra and other Asiatic immigrants, as well as antelope. Grasses of the subfamily Chloridoideae and supertribe Panicanae were common in tropical Africa by Middle Miocene time, if not much earlier, but there is not yet evidence so far back in time for the grass supertribe Andropogonae which is now dominant in seasonally arid, overgrazed, and burned African grasslands.

The cultivated races of Vigna SAVI in Cuba

AbstractThe cultivated species of the genus Vigna in Cuba have been studied on the basis of living material collected during recent missions and herbarium material. The highest variability was found in Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata. Probably this race has been early introduced by the Spaniards to Cuba. Later on several species were introduced by east Asiatic immigrants. Introgression and adaptation are considered as the main causes for building up a pronounced infraspecific variation in Vigna unguiculata. A key for the cultivated species is provided.

The Ryukyuans in Argentina1

T HE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC has been one of the major immigration countries of the Western Hemisphere since the mid-nineteenth century.2 Argentine immigration was and continues to be largely European in character, the Italians being foremost, with lesser numbers of Spaniards, French, Poles, Russians, Turks, Germans, Austro-Hungarians, and others.3 In general this immigration has been an organized, regulated process designed to satisfy Argentina's need for agricultural labor. Asiatic immigration, by contrast, has been indirect and sporadic, depending upon the interest of the individual immigrant who, until the World War I period, commonly re-emigrated from another South American country. Chinese immigration has been negligible, whereas the Japanese in Argentina constitute a small but increasingly significant minority, the third largest colony in Latin America following Brazil and Peru. The dominant group among the Japanese in Argentina has been the immigrants from the Ryukyu Islands, south of the home archipelago in the western Pacific.4 From the beginning of the present century the Japanese emigrated in largest numbers to Brazil, Peru, and initially to Mexico, where they were supported by subsidies and plantation agriculture. Japanese immigration to Argentina was less significant for a number of

Coloured Minorities in Great Britain: Studies in British Race Relations Based on African, West Indian, and Asiatic Immigrants.Sidney Collins

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsColoured Minorities in Great Britain: Studies in British Race Relations Based on African, West Indian, and Asiatic Immigrants. Sidney Collins Preston ValienPreston Valien Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 65, Number 1Jul., 1959 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/222641 Views: 3Total views on this site Copyright 1959, 1960 By The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Coloured Minorities in Britain. Studies in British Race Relations Based on African, West Indian and Asiatic Immigrants

Coloured Minorities in Britain. Studies in British Race Relations Based on African, West Indian and Asiatic Immigrants

Coloured Minorities in Britain: Studies in British Race Relations based on African, West Indian and Asiatic Immigrants.

Coloured Minorities in Britain: Studies in British Race Relations based on African, West Indian and Asiatic Immigrants.

Coloured Minorities in Britain : Studies in British Race Relations based on African, West Indian and Asiatic Immigrants

Coloured Minorities in Britain : Studies in British Race Relations based on African, West Indian and Asiatic Immigrants

Employment and Relative Earnings of Spanish-Name Persons in Texas Industries

Great national concern has been continuously evidenced for some years now over the flow and counterflow of persons of Mexican origin across the political border between the United States and Mexico. Congressional committees, a President's Commission, labor, farm and other groups have been quite vocal in suggesting ways of dealing with the problems created by migrant labor of Mexican origin. Much of the more recent discussion, however, has centered upon the Mexican in agriculture, and more particularly on those who intend, or whom it is intended, to be purely transitory in this country. Crucial as the problems created by migrant Mexican agricultural labor are, however, for Mexicans, United States workers, and many United States farmers and communities, the whole of the problem created by mobility across an international border into many types of enterprise of peoples representing different cultures, standards of living, skills and traditions is much broader. It is the purpose of this paper to present the results of certain exploratory research on another aspect of this general problem. From the days of Mexican sovereignty over much of the Southwest, migration into what is now the United States, and even into what was then United States, has occurred. Much of this traffic has been one way. Many Mexicans have come to the United States to stay, whether or not that was the original intent. Because of the ease created by proximity, the length and difficulty of guarding the border, and the oft forgotten fact that legal migration is, relative to European or Asiatic immigration, at law easy (there being no quota limitation) the volume of Mexican migrants coming to remain has been large. Because of its proximity, the numbers coming to remain in Texas have been exceptionally large. It has

Canadian Immigration Policy

The original nomadic Amerind population of the land now known as Canada were immigrants who crossed the Bering Sea on a land bridge from Asia a continent from which immigration is now severely limited. The descendants of these North American Indians and Eskimos now comprise about one per cent of the Canadian population. The remainder can be divided roughly as follows: British immigrants and their descendants 49%; French immigrants and their descendants 31%; other European immigrants and their descendants 18%; other Asiatic immigrants and their descendants 1%. II

The Future of Malaya

THE publication of the Report (Cmd. 4276) of Brigadier General Sir Samuel Wilson on his recent visit to Malaya (at the end of 1932) marks an important stage in the political evolution of Malaya. It provides also the opportunity of surveying the present difficulties and future prospects of the Malayan Straits. During the colonizing epoch of the 19th Century, British influence developed in the Straits in a zigzag, haphazard way, beginning with the Treaty of Pangkor concluded with the Chiefs of Perak in 1874. In the following twenty years British Residents were appointed at Selangor, Negri Semblian and Pahang, during which period a rapid exploitation of tin mines was taking place. Indeed, the industrial development was so swift as to leave behind the simple old-established agricultural system on which the Malayan civilization rested. The Malays witnessed in a passive way the emergence of this new and feverish form of life growing over their heads. Chinese and Indians, under the leadership of European capital, played the major role in this new industrial enterprise. Asiatic immigration developed. Under the rapidly changing circumstances, it was as inevitable as anything in history that the essential power in Malaya should gravitate into the hands of the British Residents. The Federation of the four States of Perak, Selangor, Negri Semblian and Pahang in 1895 is an expression of this process. In this Federation the high degree of centralization of authority, resting upon the new wealth-making processes, was bound to produce friction with the holders of conservative power of the traditional rulers of the several States, whose influence as feudal potentates was increasingly challenged and limited by the new order of facts around them. The establishment of a Federal Council of the four States in 1909, with its effort to coordinate the advice of Rulers, was a further effort to harmonize the position of the traditional Rulers with a rapidly changing situation. With rubber and copra exports booming, however, in addition to tin, the major energies of the peninsula up to 1914 were absorbed in economic rather than political affairs. Fortunes were rapidly made. Prosperity has a way of taking the sharp edge off many problems. This easy-going drift continued until the World War. For five years war duties submerged every other consideration. The new peace brought a resurgence of discontents across the [ 394 ]

Again the Yellow Peril

RACIAL antagonism resembles justice in one respect if in no other: it may sleep but it never dies. The conflict of ^ color is resurgent in the Dominions of the British Empire where Asiatic immigration is still a problem, and in the Crown Colony of Kenya where Hindus, Britishers and blacks are agitated over racial equality. It is resurgent in the United States, whether in the case of the negro, the Indian, or the Japanese. In a domestic sense, the Oriental problem in the United States is relatively unimportant. Contrasted with ten million negroes and 250,000 Indians, there are less than 150,000 Japanese in the United States. But from the international standpoint the problem may become one of considerable magni tude. The Japanese cannot be called an inferior people as is done with the Indians and the negroes; and they, alone of the color groups in this country, are represented by a sensitive and powerful government abroad. Agitation of some sort against the Japanese in this country has recurred from time to time ever since 1900. President Roosevelt believed he had brought it to an end when he nego tiated the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1908. President Wilson did penance for it when he consented to the Lansing-Ishii agree ment of 1917 and allowed Japan to secure Shantung at the Paris Peace Conference. Undoubtedly President Harding hoped that the Washington Conference would dissipate all the misunder standings between the two great powers of the Pacific. Nevertheless the anti-Japanese agitation continues on the Pacific Coast, under the leadership of the Exclusion League and the American Legion. It is becoming aggressive in and about Seattle, a neighborhood which hitherto has been comparatively sympathetic with the Oriental. It has appeared in other parts of the State of Washington where, because of the anti-alien policy of the Department of the Interior, Japanese farmers have been unable to renew their leases of public lands. It has cropped out in the Utah, Idaho and Montana legislatures where anti Japanese legislation has been debated. It is an endless theme in Hawaii, where the Labor Commission appointed by President Harding protested recently against the menace of alien domina

Asiatic Immigration into Australia

Asiatic Immigration into Australia

The Exclusion of Asiatic Immigrants in Australia

The Exclusion of Asiatic Immigrants in Australia

A Western View of the Race Question

It is apparent that a change is necessary in our methods of dealing with the problem of undesirable immigration and the occasional disturbances growing out of it. The characteristic inertia of a great mass of people, naturally optimistic and easy-going, is nowhere more strikingly manifested than in their treatment of what is really one of the most vital and far-reaching problems with which we have to deal. If there is one question more than any other which requires the elimination of every consideration of opportunism, it is the one which involves the strains of blood that are to mingle in our descendants' veins, the competition which our laboring men must meet, and the maintenance of our high standard of comfort and social efficiency. Viewed in this light it is to be regretted that wise anticipatory action, of a character which might prevent the occasional outbreaks of race prejudice recently presenting such difficulties, has not been taken. The race question is the most important one now confronting the nation. As to the black race we have already drifted into a condition which seriously suggests the limitation of the political rights heretofore, perhaps mistakenly, granted them, the inauguration of a humane national policy which, by co-operative action bv the nation and the southern states, shall recognize that the blacks are a race of children, requiring guidance, industrial training, and the development of self-control, and other measures designed to reduce the danger of that race complication, formerly sectional, but now rapidly becoming national. But as a resident of the Pacific Coast region, the problem of Asiatic immigration comes nearer home, and it is upon that subject that I will say a few words. Entertaining no prejudice against any foreign race, and particularly admiring the vigor, courage, and patriotism of the people of Japan. and disposed to advance rather than to thwart her career of national greatness, we of the West are yet profoundly impressed with the view that the United States, (269)