Asian Seabass Lates Calcarifer Research Articles

Effect of Licorice on Gene Expression Related to the Growth of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer

Effect of Licorice on Gene Expression Related to the Growth of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer

Characterization of two tripartite motif-containing genes from Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer and their expression in response to virus infection and microbial molecular motifs.

We identified two tripartite motif (TRIM) genes, LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39, from the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer, and examined their responses to experimental betanodavirus infection and stimulation with microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Genes encoding LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 were identified, cloned, and sequenced from the Asian Seabass. We analyzed the sequence using a variety of bioinformatics tools to determine protein structure, localization, and establish a phylogenetic tree. By using quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed expression profiles of the LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 genes in response to betanodavirus challenge as well as molecular pathogen-associated molecular patterns like poly(I:C) and Zymosan A. The tissue distribution pattern of these genes was also examined in healthy animals. Asian Seabass homologues of the TRIM gene, LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39, were cloned, both encoding proteins with 547 amino acids. LcTRIM21 is predicted to have an isoelectric point of 6.32 and a molecular mass of 62.11 kilodaltons, while LcTRIM39 has an isoelectric point of 5.57 and a molecular mass of 62.11 kilodaltons. LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 homologues were predicted to be localized in cytoplasm by in silico protein localization. Structurally, both proteins contain an N-terminal really interesting new gene (RING) zinc-finger domain, B-box domain, coiled-coil domain and C-terminal PRY/SPRY domain. Most tissues and organs examined showed constitutive expression of LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39. Upon poly(I:C) challenge or red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus infection, LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated, suggesting that they may play a critical antiviral role against fish viruses. LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 expression were also upregulated by administration of the glucan Zymosan A. The TRIM-containing gene is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that exhibits antiviral activity by targeting viral proteins via proteasome-mediated ubiquitination. TRIM proteins can be explored for the discovery of antivirals and strategies to combat diseases like viral nervous necrosis, that threaten seabass aquaculture.

Influence of an exogenous androgen, testosterone propionate on milt quality and short-term preservation of milt of Asian seabass Lates Calcarifer

Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer is widely used for pond and cage culture practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A studywas carried out to understand the influence of an exogenous androgen, Testosterone propionate (TP) on milt quality ofL. calcarifer. Intramuscular injection of TP at dose 1.0 ml kg-1 was given to mature male fishes grown in a brood stockpond. A control was also maintained without giving hormone injection. After 36 h of injection, milt was collected and miltquality was assessed for colour, sperm cell concentration, motility and viability of spermatozoa. Short-term preservation ofmilt was carried out in oxygen and marine teleost Ringer’s medium at 4oC for 120 h. No significant change was observedin colour and pH of milt, but nature of milt changed from thick to watery due to hormone injection. Enhanced milt volume(14%) and sperm cell concentration (4%) was noticed in fishes from the treatment group 36 h post-injection, when comparedto control. Sperm motility duration and percentage motility were high in treatment fishes than control. Milt preserved inoxygen medium showed high sperm motility and viability when compared to Ringer’s medium. Intramuscular injection ofTP at 1.0 ml kg-1 improved milt volume and quality and therefore can be used for induced breeding of Asian Seabass. Keywords: Asian Seabass, Hormone, Intramuscular injection, Milt quality, Ringer’s medium, Sperm motility, Testosteronepropionate

Sustainability Estimates of Coastline Fish Hatcheries in Saudi Arabia

AbstractThis study examined Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coastline fish hatcheries of the leading aquaculture companies in Saudi Arabia for future sustainability strategies. Evaluations were performed on seven marine fish hatchery facilities in 2021. The factors estimated were production capacity, existing infrastructure, main cultured fish species, source of broodstock and seed stock, and range of water temperature and salinity. Six of seven coastline marine fish hatcheries lacked broodstock capacity. The water supply to all hatcheries is adequate from the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coastline. In five hatcheries, discharge limitations will serve as constraints in their expansion and development. A live food production section was absent in five hatcheries. Most of the cultured species in hatcheries were Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer, Gilthead Bream Sparus aurata, Sabaki Tilapia Oreochromis spilurus, and Sobaity Seabream Sparidentex hasta. Only two hatcheries produced fry, with an average monthly fry production of 500,000–1,000,000 individuals. The source of seed stock in five hatcheries depended on imports or other hatcheries. Sustainability strategies should focus on increasing broodstock capacity, live food production, and new culture species.

Application of recombinant Growth Hormone (rGH) in formulated Feed on Growth of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer

This study aimed to gain rGH dose for the growth of Asian Seabass This research was conducted from July to September 2020 in Madong Village, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands Province. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely K: without rGH, A: 10 mg rGH / kg of feed, B: 12 ​​mg of rGH / kg of feed and C: 14 mg of rGH / kg of feed. The results of the absolute weight parameter study showed the values ​​of K (24.79 ± 3.13 g), A (23.87 ± 1.91 g), B (42.01 ± 1.87 g) and C (41.93 ± 0.99 g). The daily growth rate parameters indicated the values ​​of K (0.59 ± 0.07 g), A (0.57 ± 0.05 g), B (1.00 ± 0.04 g) and C (1.00 ± 0.02 g). This study concludes that the rGH affects the growth of Asian Seabass seed. It can be seen from the best treatment namely the treatment with a dose of rGH 12 mg/kg of feed with an absolute weight parameter value of 42.01 ± 1.87 g and a daily growth rate of 1.00 ± 0.04 g / day.

Effects of High Salinity on the Larviculture of Asian Seabass Latescalcarifer in Outdoor Systems

AbstractThis study estimated the survival rate and growth performance in the larviculture of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer in extensive outdoor conditions at different levels of salinity (33, 36, 39, and 42‰) at 33.3–38.0°C. The experiments were conducted in triplicate with 1,000 larvae per outdoor 500‐L fiber‐reinforced plastic tank. The control group was maintained at a salinity level of 42‰ indoors. The larvae were manually counted 18 h after hatching, and larvae that were 1.26 mm in length were transferred to indoor and outdoor tanks with salinities of 33, 36, 39, and 42‰, where they were continuously monitored. To minimize cannibalism, the larvae were manually graded and monitored for survival after 14 d. The survival rate and growth performance of the developing larvae were monitored from day 21 to day 45. The best salinity level for larval survival outdoors was 33–39‰. There were significant differences between the indoor and outdoor systems in terms of survival rate (29–44%) and specific growth rate (7.5–10.5%). Overall, outdoor larviculture of Asian Seabass is feasible at 33–42‰ salinity levels.

Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Growth, Nutritional Utilization, Carcass Composition and Survival of Asian Seabass Lates Calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) Fingerlings Rearing in Net Cages

Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Growth, Nutritional Utilization, Carcass Composition and Survival of Asian Seabass Lates Calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) Fingerlings Rearing in Net Cages

Effect of Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer) Bio-calcium in Combination with Different Calcium Salts on Gel Properties of Threadfin Bream Surimi

ABSTRACT Impact of bio-calcium from bone (FBC) of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) at 8% (w/w) without and with calcium chloride (CC) or calcium lactate (CL) at different levels (0.1–0.6%, w/w) on gel characteristics of threadfin bream surimi was studied. Surimi added with 8% FBC (BC-8) showed the highest B-F with higher whiteness and water holding capacity (P < .05). When surimi gel containing 8% FBC was incorporated with CC or CL at either 0.4 or 0.6%, the highest B-F, the lowest expressible moisture content and higher whiteness was obtained for gel added with 8% FBC together with 0.6% CL (BC-CL-0.6) (P < .05) and had elastic texture as confirmed by the highest Gʹ and denser microstructure. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in BC-8 and BC-CL-0.6 samples. Thus, the addition of 8% FBC and 0.6% calcium lactate augmented the gel properties and consumer acceptability of threadfin bream surimi.

Effect of dietary prebiotic fructooligosaccharide on histology, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical and immunological parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) juveniles

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary prebiotic, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on histology, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical and immunological parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) juveniles with an average initial body weight of 11.6±0.05 g. Experimental diets containing 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% FOS were prepared and the feeding experiment was conducted for a period of 45 days. Analysis of biochemical parameters in the serum of post-fed animals revealed that glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, albumin globulin ratio (A/G ratio), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed significant differences (p&lt;0.05) among the treatment diets. Similarly, serum immunological parameters such as alternative complement pathway and nitroblue tetrazolium assay showed significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher activities in groups fed with diets containing 0.75 and 1% FOS. Histological observation of post-fed experimental animals revealed that the absorptive surface area of the intestine and glycogen deposition in liver increased in fish fed with FOS supplemented diets. The digestive enzyme activities were significantly (p&lt;0.05) elevated with increasing levels of dietary FOS. The results indicated that 1% FOS supplementation has a beneficial effect on the histology, digestive enzyme activities, biochemical and immunological parameters in seabass juveniles.

Molecular Monitoring and Phylogenetic Analysis of Betanodavirus in Groupers (Epinephelus spp.) and Asian Sea bass (Lates calcarifer) of Iranian Northern Waters of the Persian Gulf.

The emergence of diseases has caused much health and economic damage. Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) is considered as one of the most important threats to aquatic ecosystems. VNN can cause severe mortality and economic loss in fish farms. The high water temperatures in southern Iran and the observed incidences of fish mortality in the Persian Gulf led to the hypothesis of the possible emergence of VNN. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor two species of fish susceptible to VNN using PCR, and Nested PCR methods and comparing the sensitivity of these methods to the identification of Betanodavirus infection in apparently healthy and symptomatic fish. About 850 Grouper (Epinephelus spp.) and Asian Sea bass (Lates calcarifer) fish of the Persian Gulf were collected randomly and examined. Molecular methods were used to identify NNV in visibly healthy and symptomatic fish of the Persian Gulf of Iran. The results of the PCR showed no positive cases, but the Nested PCR revealed some positive results. Then, the phylogenetic analysis of the virus sequence was performed. The nucleotide sequence of Nested PCR products revealed a 98-100% homology with Red Spotted Grouper Viral Nervous Necrosis (RGNNV). This is the first report on VNN tracing and detection as well as phylogenetic analysis of the virus from the Persian Gulf of Iran. Therefore, considering the importance of emerging viral diseases and the irreparable damage they cause, continuous monitoring and epidemiological studies of VNN were recommended by authorized organizations.

Fillet Quality of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) Grown in Monoculture and Coculture Systems in Freshwater Earthen-ponds

Fillet Quality of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) Grown in Monoculture and Coculture Systems in Freshwater Earthen-ponds

Retrospective diagnosis of archived marine fish experienced unexplained mortality reveals dual infections of Nocardia seriolae and Streptococcus iniae

Due to the limitation of accessible laboratory facilities for disease diagnosis at the time of the events, clinical samples of snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) and orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were frozen preserved for retrospective investigation. This study employed a simple challenged test using crude homogenate prepared from the long-term frozen preserved tissues (~ 16 months) to infect Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) model. The experimental fish became sick and exhibited visceral white spots similar clinical signs previously observed in natural cases. Two morphologically different Gram-positive bacteria were concurrently recovered from the experimentally sick fish but not directly from the archived frozen tissue. Based on sequence homology of 16S rRNA, the bacterial strains were identified as Nocardia seriolae and Streptococcus iniae, respectively. Subsequent specific PCR assays confirmed co-infections of N. seriolae and S. iniae in the majority of naturally diseased fish preserved. Concurrent infection of N. seriolae and S. iniae is new to both pompano and grouper. This study also suggests that frozen preservation combined with challenged assay might be useful for retrospective diagnosis and recovery of infectious agents in under-equipped laboratories in Southeast Asia or elsewhere.

Effects of sodium diformate on growth performance, gut microflora, digestive enzymes and innate immunological parameters of Asian sea bass ( Lates calcarifer ) juveniles

Effects of sodium diformate on growth performance, gut microflora, digestive enzymes and innate immunological parameters of Asian sea bass ( <i>Lates calcarifer</i> ) juveniles

Environmental Factors Associated with the Presence of Vibrionaceae in Tropical Cage-Cultured Marine Fishes.

This study investigated the environmental factors associated with the presence of Vibrionaceae in economically important cage-cultured tropical marine fishes: the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer, snapper Lutjanus sp., and hybrid grouper Epinephelus sp. Fish sampling was conducted at monthly intervals between December 2016 and August 2017. The body weight and length of individual fish were measured, and the skin, eye, liver, and kidney were sampled for bacterial isolation and identification. Water physicochemical parameters during the sampling activities were determined, and the enumeration of total Vibrionaceae count was also conducted from water and sediment samples. Nine species of Vibrio were identified, including V. alginolyticus, V. diabolicus, V. harveyi, V. campbellii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. rotiferianus, V. furnissii, V. fluvialis, and V. vulnificus. Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae was also identified. A total of 73% of the isolated Vibrio belonged to the Harveyi clade, followed by the Vulnificus clade (5.5%) and Cholera clade (0.6%). Highest occurrence of Vibrio spp. and P. damselae subsp. damselae was found in hybrid grouper (72%), followed by Asian Seabass (48%) and snapper (36%). The associations of Vibrio spp. and P. damselae subsp. damselae with the host fish were not species specific. However, fish mortality and fish size showed strong associations with the presence of some Vibrio spp. On average, 60% of the infected cultured fish exhibited at least one clinical sign. Nevertheless, inconsistent associations were observed between the pathogens and water quality. The yearlong occurrence and abundance of Vibrionaceae in the environmental components indicate that they might serve as reservoirs of these pathogens.

Natural Concurrent Infection of Vibrio harveyi and V. alginolyticus in Cultured Hybrid Groupers in Malaysia.

In September 2016, a marine fish farm operator in Selangor,Malaysia, reported a disease outbreak affecting juvenile hybrid groupers (Camouflage Grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion×Tiger Grouper E. fuscoguttatus). The average daily mortality was 120 fish, resulting in a cumulative mortality rate of 29% within 10d. The affected hybrid groupers displayed lethargy, excessive mucus production, rotten fins, congestion of livers and kidneys, and enlargement of spleens. Microscopically, general congestion of the brains and internal organs was evident. Vibrio harveyi and V. alginolyticus were successfully isolated from the diseased fish. The isolated pathogens were found to be sensitive to oxytetracycline and tetracycline, but resistant towards ampicillin and vancomycin. Experimental infections using the isolated V. harveyi (108 CFU/mL), V. alginolyticus (108 CFU/mL), and concurrent infection by V. harveyi (108 CFU/mL) and V. alginolyticus (108 CFU/mL) in juvenile Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer resulted in 60, 100, and 100% mortality, respectively, within 240h postinfection. The experimentally infected Asian Seabass demonstrated similar clinical signs and histopathological changes as the naturally infected hybrid groupers. However, concurrently infected fish demonstrated severe clinical signs and histopathological changes compared with single infections. These results suggest that both isolates of Vibrio are pathogenic to fish and responsible for the disease outbreak. However, concurrent infection involving V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi leads to a more devastating impact to the cultured fish. This is the first report of concurrent Vibrio infection in cultured marine fish in Malaysia.

First Report of Achlya oblongata Infection in Freshwater-Reared Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer.

In September 2014, a freshwater oomycete was first isolated from Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer fry that were reared in freshwater at a fish hatchery in Sabah, Malaysia. A fungal strain was isolated from infected fry by using glucose yeast extract (GY) agar. From morphological identification, the strain belonged to the genus Achlya based on the mode of zoospore release. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region sequences from the strain showed high similarity (99-100%) to Achlya oblongata. The isolate was able to grow on GY agar incubated at 15-35°C, in GY broth adjusted to pH 3.0-11.0, and in up to 1.0% NaCl. This is the first report of Achlya infection in freshwater-reared Asian Seabass in Malaysia.

Estimating Mass of Harvested Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer from Images

Total of 1072 Asian seabass or barramundi (Lates calcarifer) were harvested at two different locations in Queensland, Australia. Each fish was digitally photographed and weighed. A subsample of 200 images (100 from each location) were manually segmented to extract the fish-body area (S in cm2), excluding all fins. After scaling the segmented images to 1mm per pixel, the fish mass values (M in grams) were fitted by a single-factor model (M=aS1.5, a=0.1695 )achieving the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) of R2=0.9819 and MARE=5.1%, respectively. A segmentation Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was trained on the 200 hand-segmented images, and then applied to the rest of the available images. The CNN predicted fish-body areas were used to fit the mass-area estimation models: the single-factor model, M=aS1.5, a=0.170, R2=0.9819, MARE=5.1%; and the two-factor model, M= aSb, a=0.124, b=0.155, R2=0.9834, MARE=4.5%.

The Effect of Dietary Phytase Supplementation on Digestibility and Growth of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer

The purpose of this research is to evaluate Asian sea bass digestibility and growth fed with phytase dietary supplementation on soybean based fish diet. The initial weight of fish was 4.99±0.2 g with stocking density of 20 fishes per tanks reared in 80 L tank of sea water for 6 weeks. Completely Randomized Design of 50% soybean meal with phytase supplementation of 0; 500; 1,000; and 1,500 FTU kg-1 and three replication was used in this trial. Chromium oxide (Cr2O3) was used as digestibility indicator. Multivariate anova and One way anova (SPSS); linear regression (Microsoft Excel) and polynomial orthogonal (Microsoft Excel and Maple) was used to analyze the data. The results of Multivariate anova showed that phytase supplementation affect total digestibility (KCT) and relative growth rate (RGR) of asian seabass significantly (P&lt;0.01) with phytase dose 1,000 FTU. One way anova also indicated that phytase 1,000 FTU significantly affect all parameters. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) phosphorus had a very significant and dominant effect to total digestibility with R2 = 0.9669 than ADC protein and ADC fat (linear regression). KCT significantly affects efficiency of dietary protein (EPP) 30.57% and protein efficiency ratio (PER) 0.67%. EPP and PER significantly effect RGR 1.56% day-1, simultaneously. The optimal dose of phytase supplementation is 1,220 FTU.

Effect of Dietary Addition of Green Tea Camellia sinensis, on Growth, Body Composition and Hematic Biochemistry of the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer Fingerlings

The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of green tea (Camellia sinensis) on growth performance, body composition and serum biochemistry of Asian Sea bass, Lates Calcarifer. Therefore, Asian sea bass fingerlings with an initial body weight of 43.20 ± 0.11 grams were randomly assigned into 3 groups as triplicates. Fish were tested with three experimental diets of similar protein content (514.8 ± 0.06 g/kg-1) and energy (48.4 ± 0.02 kcal/g) for 90 days. The first diet was treated as control without any inclusion of additives. The other two diets were mixed with green tea of 10 g/kg-1 and 20 g/kg-1 respectively. The results clearly shown a significant (P<0.05) improvement of growth performance in all fish fed with green tea as dietary additive when compared with control, whereas the maximum performance is attained from the first treatment with lower dose (10 g/kg-1) of green tea additive. the current study can concluded that, the dietary inclusion of low levels of green tea as feed additives has relatively improved the growth performance, feed utilization and general health without any adverse effects on biochemical profile of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer).

Embryonic and larval development of the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer (Pisces: Perciformes: Latidae) under thermostatically controlled conditions

Material for this study was obtained from the hatchery with brood stock of Lates calcarifer that originated from a natural population living in inshore waters off Central Vietnam. Commercial interest in L. calcarifer as an object of mariculture and wildstock fishery has resulted in several publications on its early life history; nevertheless, comprehensive description of early development of L. calcarifer based on controlled incubation of embryos and larvae has remained absent. In the present paper embryonic and larval development to the stage of anlage of pelvic fins is described in detail and illustrated with original drawings of live material on the basis of thermostatically controlled incubation of embryos at 27°C and larvae at 26.8°C (26.5-28.0°C). The first cleavage furrow appeared at the age of 33.5 min. The duration of synchronous cleavage cycle was 16 min. About 80% of all embryos hatched at the age of 18 h. The length of newly hatched larva during the first hour after emergence from the egg shell was 1.63 ± 0.016 mm (1.50-1.75 mm). Chronology of development of the organs, early circulatory system, and pigmentation pattern is given. The dynamics of change in the trunk and caudal body segment number in larva from hatching to the moment of anlage of pelvic fins is shown. The total number of body segments reached the maximum value of 26-27 soon after hatching and then decreased to 20-21 segments. Newly received data are discussed in a comparative context of development of some other teleosts.