Asia Research Articles

Apocynaceae of continental South-East Asia: new species, new records and new combinations

This paper makes necessary taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments prior to publication of accounts of Apocynaceae (Asclepiadoideae, Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae) for the Floras of Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. It includes the publication of two new species, Gymnemopsis krabiensis and Gymnemopsis thailandica; new country records of Dolichopetalum kwangsiense, Dischidia antennifera, Gongreos curtisii and Vincetoxicum cissoides for Thailand and of Gongronema napalense for both Thailand and Myanmar; two new combinations in Gongreos; 10 new combinations and four new names in Secamone; three new combinations in Stephanotis; one new combination in Pseudosarcolobus; and 11 typifications.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ЕКСПОРТУ ТА ІМПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ ТА КРАЇН АЗІЙСЬКОГО КОНТИНЕНТУ

One of the important sources of financing the state budget is foreign trade. Even before the start of fullscale aggression, Ukraine had certain tasks to diversify regional foreign trade priorities. The expansion and deepening of foreign economic cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union, the start of work on new Asian markets, significantly overshadowed first the drop in trade volumes, and then the cessation of trade with Russia. The article examines in detail the foreign trade relations of Ukraine and the countries of the Asian continent. Consider the system of legal regulation of foreign trade relations of Ukraine and the countries of the Asian continent. The main indicators of trade in goods and services of Ukraine and Asian countries were examined in detail, and the commodity structure of trade in goods and services of Ukraine and Asian countries was analyzed. Certain conclusions and recommendations are provided: Ukraine has a generally favorable position in trade in goods with these countries, except for China. This is evidenced by the constant positive balance in trade with Turkey, India and Saudi Arabia. Trade with China has a permanent negative balance. At the same time, a significant threat is the significant coverage ratio in trade with these countries. The value of this indicator significantly exceeds the safety limit and indicates the high dependence of Ukrainian exports on the markets of these countries. Ukraine conducts active trade in services with Asian countries, but the composition of the main partners in trade in services has changed. It remains Turkey, as well as Cyprus, UAE, Israel. In trade in services, the situation for Ukraine is unfavorable, which is evidenced by a constant negative balance and an extremely low level of the coverage ratio. The composition of trade in services is traditional both for Ukraine and for partner countries: Ukraine exports transport services to Cyprus, the UAE and Turkey, Ukraine imports travel-related services from Cyprus, the UAE and Turkey, as well as transport services from the UAE and Turkey and Israel. These services fully correspond to the geographical location of the countries.

Source apportionment of cloud condensation nuclei in the China's marginal seas during the spring of 2021

Assessing the aerosol-cloud indirect climate influence requires determining the concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (Nccn) and atmospheric particles (Ncn). Due to the rapid industrialization in East Asia, the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere has significantly increased. Influenced by prevailing monsoon, these pollutants will be transported to the China's marginal seas, which are downwind of the East Asian continent. In this study, based on ship-based observations from the China's marginal seas during the spring of 2021, average Ncn was recorded as 4.4±1.1×103 cm-3 and Nccn values at 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% SS were 1.8±0.4×103 cm-3, 2.4±0.8×103 cm-3, and 2.5±0.7×103 cm-3, respectively. Then, we used the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis approach to allocate the sources of Nccn based on ship-based observations from China's marginal seas in the spring of 2021. There are five factors identified: continental emissions, different degrees of ship exhaust, and nucleation mode.

True glimpses of Southern Sub-Continents of the India

India is an Integral part of the Asian continent and it is the second largest country in this. Bharath is acknowledges world -wide for its unique peculiarities amalgamated with Tasty food, Good medicine, vast culture, noble literature, Marvelous Building Architecture Adventure. Southern States here are advanced developed fully equipped with sophisticated Technology. People lived in the six regions including Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Kerala and Union Territory Puddichhery, Culture, Tradition, festivals and rituals enjoyed commonly. Languages spoken Telugu, Tamil, Tulu, Malayalam. Religious harmony co- existed as Hindu, Islam, and Christianity etc. Precisely know as Dravidians.

Low-high latitude forcing on the East Asian winter monsoon evolution since the last glacial maximum

Abstract The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) has a profound effect on the winter climate in East Asia. The modern EAWM variability is tightly linked to the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere climate change through the Siberian High and can also be regulated by the low-latitude El Niño-Southern Oscillation through oceanic or atmospheric teleconnections. However, the Quaternary EAWM evolution has long been only attributed to the high-latitude climate change, resulting in the uncertainty in interpreting the out-of-phased EAWM variation recording in the East Asian continent and marginal seas. Here we presented a sediment record at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1427 in the southern Japan Sea to reconstruct the EAWM evolution since the last glacial maximum. By combining our record with previous reconstructions and simulations, we found the synchronous relationship between winter monsoon in northern and southern regions of East Asia from ∼24 to 8 ka, but anti-correlated relationship since ∼8 ka. We proposed the winter insolation and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation were the main drivers from last glacial to early Holocene, and then ENSO became a dominant factor in controlling the regional heterogeneity of EAWM evolution in the middle and late Holocene. This research explains much of the controversy in the Quaternary EAWM records and highlights the low-high latitude interaction in East Asian winter climate change.

Establishing the Significance of Spiritual Environment with the Effects of Herbals: An Empirical Approach on Students' QoL in South Asian Continent

Establishing the Significance of Spiritual Environment with the Effects of Herbals: An Empirical Approach on Students' QoL in South Asian Continent

СТАЦИОНАРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА СТЕПНЫХ ФАЦИЙ ПОЛИГОН-ТРАНСЕКТОВ ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОГО ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЯ

The article focuses on the productivity of plant matter of the steppes in the Onon-Argun District of Southeast Transbaikalia. Thesteppes of Transbaikalia represent the main repository of vegetation cover. They are located in the center of the Asian continent and are limited bycoordinates 50oN, 116oE. Two transect testing areas – Kharanorsky and Tsagan-Cholotuysky – were chosen for the study as model sites. Thischoice was due to the features of the landscape structure forming landscape-ecological series where facies are interfaced with each other. On thebasis of a long-term stationary study, the dynamics of aboveground and underground plant matter reserves were taken into account. The mainreserves of plant matter of the geosystems were found to be concentrated in the underground mass. Most of the root mass (from 88 to 95% of itstotal stock) is concentrated in a half-meter layer of soil. The study revealed specific conditions of the facies of the conservation regime, faciesaffected by economic use, and also those in conditionally natural environment. Each facies is characterized by its own dynamics of phytomassreserves due to the bioclimatic situation of the current year; sharp fluctuations in precipitation at the beginning or end of summer significantly affectthe amount of phytomass created. According to the research results, aboveground mass reserves in the facies of the first transect testing area underany research regime are arranged in the row III>IV>V>II>VI>I, while on the second testing area with the economic regime they are arranged in the row XVII>XVI>XII>XXI>XIX>XIV>XI. Spatio-temporal models of seasonal dynamics have been created, which can be used to assesschanges in the aboveground and underground mass in the conjugate series of the studied facies during the growing season. It has been establishedthat for each facies, the maximum accumulation of phytomass during the growing season is achieved within a specific period that is only characteristic of this particular facies and consistent with changes in hydrothermal conditions.

Comparative Study of Japanese and Indonesian Panji Mask in Light on Fine Art Elements and Principles

Panji masks are one of the mask arts that originated in Indonesia and come in a variety of styles. One of the existing Panji mask styles is the Yogyakarta style, made of Pule wood and used in dance or theater performances. While in Japan, masks used in dance or theater performances, known as Noh masks, are made of cypress wood. Panji masks and Noh masks are long-standing cultural heritage arts. This study aims to identify and analyze the similarities and differences between the elements of art and the principles of art preserved in the Panji and Noh masks. A comparative qualitative method was used for the study. Library research, observation, interviews, documentation, and focused group discussions (FGD) were used to collect the data. Data processing and preparation, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing were all completed in stages. The results revealed similarities and differences between the Panji and Noh masks. Several principles are shared by Panji and Noh masks, including point elements, line shape, the principle of unity, balance, rhythm, proportion, and the principle of harmony. The line, field/shape element, color element, texture element, and emphasis principle are all different. These similarities and differences are due to a variety of factors, including the two countries’ geographical proximity (both on the Asian continent), as well as their history, customs, and culture.

IoT and Deep Learning Enabled Smart Solutions for Assisting Menstrual Health Management for Rural Women in India: A Review

A global medical issue, primarily raised in underdeveloped nations, is inappropriate Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) among teenage girls. Menstrual hygiene is a global concern because there are over 0.6 billion teenage females (about 8% of the population). The Asian and African continents are home to over 80% of these teenagers. Throughout, 355 million girls and women in India have periods. However, MHM causes discomfort and a lack of respect for millions of women all over the country. In alignment with today's technologies like cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT), the MHM can be handled effectively. A quantitative survey was carried out among 184 random volunteers aged 18-22 to reveal the current status of MHM in India. The result of the survey confirmed that 72.8% of girls encountered stress during their period, 45% of them were unaware of hygiene products to be used while in the menstruation cycle, 65.2% of them used sanitary pads, and 57.6% of them received disrespectful treatments. This work aims to empower women with the MHM by facilitating knowledge on the menstrual cycle and guiding them about safe-to-use products and disposal strategies in home, work, or community places with the help of technological advancements. Further, introduce a simple friendhood discussion forum through an intelligent chatbot like "Sirona, " a chatbot built over Whatsapp that facilitates a complete ecosystem for MHM.

An updated identification guide to the species of Amorphophallus (Araceae): new synonyms and a set of global dichotomous keys

This work presents updated dichotomous keys to the Amorphophallus (Araceae) species of the world based on morphological characters of the inflorescence. It is a compilation of data derived from herbarium specimens, living specimens, protologues, and following papers outlining taxonomic updates to the genus. Three new synonyms are proposed and a general key including 239 species of Amorphophallus distributed across the African, Asian, and Australian continents is included. Ten additional subkeys are provided by geographical subregion, making identification streamlined if the locality of the specimen is known. The aim of this paper is to make identification of Amorphophallus species accessible through a single manuscript, serving not only the research sector, but also citizen science. This guide provides a rapid and accurate means of species identification, directly benefiting data collection and assisting in species conservation.

동아시아 및 인도의 홍수남매혼 신화 試探

Even though the flood myths of brother and sister marriage type in East Asia and India had the narrative elements in common, the myths of each region added some different motifs and episodes. In this paper, I investigated these different regional aspects and their cultural meanings. For this, I divided East Asia and India into four regions, that is, China, Southeast Asia, Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands and India. I examined what the driving force of mythical narrative was in each region. In china, the center of narrative was ‘Asking the will of heaven and sign’ for brother and sister marriage and ‘the birth of a foreign body’ for the recreation of mankind. In the continental Southeast Asia, It's similar to China in appearance but these motifs and episodes were weakened compared to China. The motif of ‘Acquisition of fire’ led the mythical narrative in the Insular Southeast Asia, and those of ‘Acquisition of fire’ and ‘the step-by-step birth of a foreign body’ led in Taiwan. In Ryukyu Islands, the episodes of ‘Understanding the way of sexual activity’ and ‘the step-by-step birth of a foreign body’ played key role in narrative. On the other hand, the episode of ‘the creation of earth and its stability’ played key role in India.

Introducing ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials: Bibliometric Analysis

This research aims to analyze bibliometric data of publications in the ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials (AJSEM) from 2022 to 2023. This research was conducted to verify the impact of AJSEM on research activities on a local and international scale. Bibliometric analysis using Publish or Perish, VOSviewer, and R Studio was used with the Google Scholar database. AJSEM has a uniform scope only in the field of science and engineering in materials. AJSEM can be a means of cooperation with international countries. Currently, AJSEM has succeeded in publishing several publications from 14 countries originating from the continents of Africa, Europe, Asia, and America. This research can be a reference for researchers who publish articles in the field of science and engineering in materials. Apart from that, it is hoped that this research can encourage and increase the enthusiasm of local and international researchers, especially researchers from ASEAN countries, in conducting research, especially in the fields of science and engineering in materials.

Federalism and the significance of Governmental Agencies and of organizational Experience at the time of country’s Crisis: Tracing the Emergency Medication Response System of the Covid-19 Pandemic

This research has focused on the emergency response based on the section 1135 emergency waivers which were devised as instruments for policymakers to swiftly enhance the capacity of the health system in times of disaster. By providing flexibilities in regulations, administration, and payment models during the COVID-19 pandemic, states could be better prepared for a surge in hospitalizations and protecting the life of those who were in the emergency response to take care through the process of the hospitalization on time. It employs a Time-to-Event analytical framework to identify key factors influencing the adoption of a state’s 1135 Waiver request. In the primary model, the event of interest is a state making a request for a Section 1135 Waiver, and the dependent random variable is the time elapsed between the disaster proclamation and the state’s request date. The primary independent variable is binary, indicating whether a state has previously sought Section 1135 Medicaid flexibilities during past emergencies. The study stands as the inaugural attempt to pinpoint notable factors influencing Section 1135 Waivers. If efficiency is gauged by swifter requests, then the effectiveness of emergency waivers during the COVID-19 pandemic is predominantly shaped by institutional and external factors. it has revealed that the effective organizational and institutional tasks in the federalism during the emergency would assist to address the issues of the national crisis as it has been explained by the 1135 Waivers as the sample study for further information to the concerned stakeholders not merely in the advanced nation as of the United States of The America but even to the backward countries as of the Asian continents.

Implications for Child rights amid COVID -19 Pandemic and Economic crisis in Sri Lanka

This article clearly explains about the implications of child rights amid COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis in Sri Lanka. Among the countries in Asian continent, Sri Lanka is one of the countries that practices good practices to safe guard the rights of children since the attainment of independence from British rulers. The protocols and amendments which are taken to protect rights of children elicit the role of the country in line with safeguarding child rights. Apart from all effective implementations of amendments and protocols of child rights in Sri Lanka, COVID - 19 pandemic and economic crisis have made various implications in the processing to safe guard child rights. How children rights are affected and what type of challenges they faced during those periods are the main objectives of this article and this article clearly explains it. Especially, the challenges faced by students are discussed under four main clusters of child rights, such as the right to survival, the right to protection, the right to development, and the right to participation. Moreover, this article also will illustrate that how these two crisis time have positively impacted on the development of child rights.

Çanakkale bee pollen: diversity, chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties

Çanakkale, Turkey, which straddles the continents of Europe and Asia, is a settlement centre with natural beauty divided by the Dardanelles Strait. This study determined the diversity, chemical composition, total antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of fresh bee pollen obtained from 11 stations in Çanakkale in April–May 2017. The Louveaux (1978) method was modified and used to determine the botanical origin of pollen samples. It was determined that the most prevalent families in the pollen samples were Brassicaceae (23.1%), Cistaceae (22.5%), Rosaceae (11.06%), Papaveraceae (5.36%), Oleaceae (7.52%) and Fabaceae (7.31%). A maximum of 47 and a minimum of 31 components were detected in the chemical composition of bee pollen extracts (BPE) by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and it was determined that the main components varied depending on the location. Regarding the total antioxidant capacity of BPE, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction was 100% for all locations except Yenice. Also, the antibacterial activity of BPE against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 could not be determined. These findings showed high bee pollen diversity, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity in the Çanakkale region. The bee pollen from this area is a natural product that can be used as a food supplement.

Relacje Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej z wybranymi państwami koalicji rewizjonistycznej – studium przypadku na przykładzie Rosji, Pakistanu oraz Iranu

The People’s Republic of China’s relations with selected members of the revistionary coalition – a case study on the example of Russia, Pakistan and Iran There are many indications that China’s unquestionable successes in expanding its own reserve of economic and military power have simultaneously awakened the national pride and ambitions of the Chinese people. This, however, has led to an awareness of China’s limited ability to shape the international environment and to pursue its own interests in the international arena. As a result, the Chinese have adopted a revisionist policy with the aim of finally undermining the existing global order – after all, the ultimate goal is to achieve the position of hegemon (with all the benefits and responsibilities that implies). It should be noted, however, that a change of hegemon can only occur through a hegemonic war – which will result in the emergence of a new prestige hierarchy with a pretender as the new world leader. To prepare for a hegemonic clash, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is constantly expanding its economic and military influence (both internally and externally). Above all, China is trying to attract other dissatisfied states into its own coalition, forming the so‑called „revisionist coalition”. To do so, the Chinese offer other countries potentially lucrative trade deals, extensive investment, low- or no‑interest loans and development assistance. This paper intends to popularize the author’s perspective on hegemonic change within international relations – termed „hegemonic realism” as it best reflects the assumptions of the proposed theory. These theoretical assumptions and the author’s model of hegemonic change will be used in the rest of the article to analyze the dynamics of the relations between selected revisionist states and China as a contender for global hegemony. The author’s thesis is that states join the revisionist coalition in order to increase their own military and economic power. The case study will focus on China’s relations with Russia, Pakistan and Iran – all of which are seen by the author as key allies of the PRC on the Asian continent – due to their resources of power and revisionist policies. The study used secondary research sources, including academic publications and journalistic articles in Polish and English. Three methods were used in the research process: comparative analysis, historical‑critical method and desk research method.

Low but highly geographically structured genomic diversity of East Asian Eurasian otters and its conservation implications.

Populations of Eurasian otters Lutra lutra, one of the most widely distributed apex predators in Eurasia, have been depleted mainly since the 1950s. However, a lack of information about their genomic diversity and how they are organized geographically in East Asia severely impedes our ability to monitor and conserve them in particular management units. Here, we re-sequenced and analyzed 20 otter genomes spanning continental East Asia, including a population at Kinmen, a small island off the Fujian coast, China. The otters form three genetic clusters (one of L. l. lutra in the north and two of L. l. chinensis in the south), which have diverged in the Holocene. These three clusters should be recognized as three conservation management units to monitor and manage independently. The heterozygosity of the East Asian otters is as low as that of the threatened carnivores sequenced. Historical effective population size trajectories inferred from genomic variations suggest that their low genomic diversity could be partially attributed to changes in the climate since the mid-Pleistocene and anthropogenic intervention since the Holocene. However, no evidence of genetic erosion, mutation load, or high level of inbreeding was detected in the presumably isolated Kinmen Island population. Any future insitu conservation efforts should consider this information for the conservation management units.

Studies on Preparation of Mango Pickle from Different Genotypes of Akola Maharashtra Region

Mango relishes are extremely popular throughout the Asian continent. In every Indian household, they are the condiment most frequently ingested. It is rich in antioxidants and contains vitamin K and fibre, among other nutrients. Four recipes of mango pickle, namely Recipe-1, Recipe-2 (Recipe-1 + niger seed 150 g), Recipe-3 (Recipe-1 + garlic 200 g), and Recipe-4 (Recipe-1 + niger seed 150 g + garlic 200 g) were standardised for the preparation of mango pickle using three genotypes (Galu, Shravanya, and Telya). The TSS (Total Soluble Solid), pH, titratable acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, and moisture content of the pickle sample were analysed. Genotype-3 and Recipe-4 (Recipe-1 + niger seed 150 g + garlic 200 g) were the most accepted and organoleptically acceptable mango pickles due to their elevated acidity, sugar content, and overall acceptability.

Before Westphalia: Imagining An Alternative Asian Globalization

The world order as it is known and understood today was built upon the foundations of imperialism and colonialism. It must be acknowledged that the very epistemologies and vocabularies that we use in the domains of diplomacy, international relations and politics are part of the legacy of Empire as well. This paper asks, is it possible for us to rethink and/or re-imagine an alternative global system that reconnects with the realities of socio-economic and socio-political life across the Asian continent and the world of the Indian Ocean prior to the arrival of Western imperialism? And, if that is indeed possible, would this also open up new opportunities for us to imagine the manner through which we – as postcolonial Asian and African scholars and subjects – represent ourselves and the ‘Western Other’?

A Magnificent Empress, A Brilliant Old Man, and an Ugly Navigator

Abstract Although the legend of Empress Jingū and her divinely mandated conquest of the Korean peninsula first appeared in the Kojiki and Nihon shoki, narratives of Empress Jingū proliferated in the fourteenth century. Following the Mongol Invasions, shifts in worldview, particularly regarding Japan’s relationship with the Asian continent, contributed to changes in how kami were conceptualized. In late medieval Jingū narratives, the kami who assist Empress Jingū take corporeal forms and become active agents in the human world. Drawing on Ernst Jentsch, Motoori Norinaga, and Rudolph Otto, I argue that these kami inhabit uncanny bodies: their physical forms appear human, but contain uncanny attributes that reveal their divinity to observant humans within the narrative. From Jingū in suprahuman form, Sumiyoshi as an old yet incredibly strong man, and Azumi no Isora’s barnacle-encrusted face, I illustrate how uncanny aspects of the physical bodies of kami signify their divine nature.