Asella Town Research Articles

Patterns of upper gastrointestinal diseases among patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy at three hospitals in Asella town, Southeast Ethiopia

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms are among the common complaints among patients visiting health facilities. Because of the scarcity of gastrointestinal endoscopy services and gastroenterologists, the pattern of common upper gastrointestinal diseases has not been well studied in the study setting. This study aimed to determine the pattern of upper gastrointestinal diseases among patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at three hospitals in Asella town, southeast Ethiopia. A total of 279 study subjects were included in the study. Three-fourths (74%) of the study participants had abnormal endoscopic findings. The clinical indications for endoscopic examination were dyspepsia (32.6%), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (27.2%), suspicion of gastric cancer (13.3%), and suspicion of esophageal cancer (11.5%). The abnormal endoscopic findings were esophageal cancer (10.4%), gastric cancer (10%), duodenal ulcer (DU) (9.3%), and gastritis (8.6%). The abnormal biopsy findings were esophageal cancer (7.5%), gastric adenocarcinoma (6.4%), and gastritis (3.9%). Dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and suspicion of UGI malignancies were the most common clinical indications for endoscopic examination, while esophageal cancer and gastric cancer were the most common abnormal endoscopic findings. The most common abnormal biopsy results were esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. It is advised to have a high index of suspicion for esophageal cancer and gastric cancer for patients who present with alarming upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the study setting.

Cervical cancer screening service utilisation and related factors among women on antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities of Asella town, Ethiopia, cross-sectional study

BackgroundCervical cancer is the predominant form of cancer in Ethiopia, accounting for the majority of malignant cases. Women account for two-thirds of cancer-related deaths in the country. Cervical cancer screening (CCS) can help prevent disease development, but screening rates are unacceptably low. The greatest number of women were in the most vulnerable group, and the availability of wheal data on their use of CCSs was limited. This study aimed to evaluate the use of CCS and the factors that influence its use among HIV-positive women receiving antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities.MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional study design. A total of 396 (97.5%) HIV-positive women participated in this study between March 10 and May 30, 2023. Participants enrolled in public health facilities in Asella town were selected through systematic random sampling, and data were collected through on-site interviews using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science, Version 26. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determining factors.ResultsThe findings from this study indicated that 30.3% of individuals used cervical cancer screening services. Those women who had knowledge about cervical cancer had a 2.54 times greater likelihood of receiving CCS than those who were not informed (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = (2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–4.56). Women with a history of sexually transmitted diseases were twice as likely to use CCS as those without such a history (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.13–3.73). Furthermore, women with a positive attitude towards CCS were found to be significant predictors of utilisation, showing a greater than threefold greater likelihood of using these services (AOR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.78–5.81).ConclusionsThe proportion of HIV-positive women who underwent cervical cancer screening (CCS) was significantly lower than the recommended guideline of 80%. To enhance the uptake of screening among women with HIV, healthcare professionals should focus on enhancing awareness about cervical cancer, improving attitudes towards CCS, and advancing knowledge about the disease. Healthcare providers’ collaboration with both government and nongovernmental stakeholders plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges of accessibility and attendance at screening services.

Assessment of Food Safety Practices and Associated Factors Among Health Extension Model and Non-Model Households in Asella Town, South West Ethiopia, 2023

Background: Food safety is essential for preventing foodborne illnesses and ensuring the health of consumers. Unsafe food can lead to diseases that result in significant morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study aimed to assess food safety practices and associated factors among health extension model and non-model households in Asella Town, South West Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 model and non-model households. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of good food safety practices was 49.1%, with significantly higher prevalence among model households (75.4%) compared to non-model households (22.4%). Factors associated with good food safety practices included being a model household, availability of solid and liquid waste disposal sites, good knowledge towards food safety, and a positive attitude towards food safety. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study findings indicate a low level of good food safety practices among households. Interventions are needed to improve household food safety practices, knowledge, and attitudes towards food safety.

Establishing reference intervals for common hematology test parameters from apparently healthy geriatrics in Asella town, Southeast Ethiopia, 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Reference intervals are an important method tool for identifying abnormal laboratory test results. Complete blood count reference values are useful to interpret complete blood count (CBC) results and make clinical decisions, but these values have not been established for geriatrics in Asella town. Therefore, this study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for complete blood count (CBC) parameters from geriatric participants/subjects in Asella town, Southeast Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to May 2020. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemography and other characteristics from 342 eligible geriatric participants. Weight, height, and vital signs were measured, and 8 mL of blood sample was collected. Screening tests such as HIV, HBsAg, HCV, syphilis, stool examination, and urinalysis were performed. The hematological parameter was measured using a Sysmex kx-21 hematology analyzer. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. The non-parametric independent Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney U test) were used to compare the parameters between age groups and genders. The 97.5 and 2.5th percentile were the upper and lower reference limit for the population. According to the study's findings, the reference intervals of red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet count, hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) in male geriatrics were 3.8-5.85 × 1012/L, 3.1-9.66 × 109/L, 115.8-353 × 109/L, 12.4-17.76 g/dL, and 35.06-50.2%, respectively. The respective values for women were 3.94-5.48 × 1012/L, 3.13-8.4 × 109/L, 137.5-406 × 109/L, 12.5-16.4 g/dL, and 36.09-48.2%. Most of the hematological parameters showed significant differences between the two genders (p value <0.05). Accurate gender and age-specific reference intervals are crucial in managing patient health. The current study offers essential CBC hematological parameters that can assist clinicians in interpreting laboratory results and can improve healthcare quality in the geriatric population. Therefore, it is more relevant to use the current RIs in the geriatric set-up.

Anemia and Associated Factors among Public Elementary School Children in Asella Town, Southeast Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Anemia has a negative impact on school children, including poor physical growth and reduced mental performance. Children show poor attentiveness, behavior, and memory and reduced school performance. There is limited evidence of the magnitude of anemia and associated factors in school-age children in Ethiopia, including the study area. To assess the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among public elementary school children in Asella Town, Southeast Ethiopia, in 2022. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Asella Town from April 5 to May 5, 2022. A total of 442 school children aged 7-14 years were included in the study using the multistage sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested and semistructured questionnaire through a face-to-face interview technique. The hemoglobin concentration was determined by using the HemoCue 301+ analyzer. Anthropometric data and stool examinations were collected from participants. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6, transported, and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out. Adjusted odds ratios along with their 95% confidence interval were used, and a p value of ≤0.05 was used for declaring statistical significance. A total of 435 students with a mean age and standard deviation of 10.77 ± 2.21 years participated in the study. The magnitude of anemia was 78 (17.9%), with a 95% CI (14.3, 21.47). Of the participants, 63 (14.5%) were mild anemic and 15 (3.4%) were moderately anemic. Children whose mothers have no formal education (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.89, 8.21), underweight children (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.98, 7.40), and parasites in their stool (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.50, 9.20) were significantly associated with anemia in school-age children. Anemia among school-age children was found to be a mild public health problem. Uneducated mothers, intestinal parasite infections, and underweight children were found to be determinants of anemia among school-age children. Health professionals should provide health education for mothers about child-feeding practices and the consumption of dietary sources of iron.

Investigation of environmental and health impacts solid waste management problems and associated factors in Asella town, Ethiopia

Solid wastes are substances thrown away by the institutions of individual households in the urban community. The solid waste management practice in Asella town was inappropriate caused environmental pollution and exposed different urban health difficulties. The main objective was to determine the environmental and health impacts of solid waste management problems and associated factors in Asella town. Data collection was carried out through a house-to-house community survey process with a method of cross-sectional study design. A total sample size of 418 households was selected and implemented a simple random and systematic probability sampling technique. The statistical analysis of the binary logistic regression model was used to perform the correlational test about health issues in Asella town.The environmental impact assessment indicators were 13.4% soil pollution, 31.6% air pollution, 20.8% environmental deterioration, and 34.2% water pollution. The health impact indicators were 49.5% respiratory diseases, 18.2% asthmatic (bronchitis) cases, 15.8% diarrheal diseases, 14.8% protozoan illnesses, and 1.7% cancer cases.The odds ratio of females AOR = 1.18; 95%, CI:0.48–2.89, educational districts of can't read and write AOR = 2.31: 95% CI = 0.48–11.1, primary cycle AOR = 2.32, 95% CI:0.58–9.21, Secondary cycle AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.60–7.98, and tertiary cycle AOR = 4.98, 95% C1.06–23.46. the odds ratio of house ownership of government AOR = 2.95, 95% CI:0.54–16.14, private households AOR = 4.18, 95% CI:0.79–22.16 and rented house property AOR = 1.71, 95% CI:0.32–9.18. The odds ratio of income group of lower status AOR = 2.0, 95% CI:0.91–4.98, middle income AOR = 5.7, 95% CI: 0.73–44.53 and higher income AOR = 2.8, 95% CI:0.35–23.14. The odds ratio for sorting of solid waste AOR = 1.38, 95% CI:0.56–3.40, and reusing of solid waste AOR = 7.90, 95% CI:2.12–29.42. Thus, the odds ratio of reusing solid waste was statistically significant correlated factors that limit health issues in Asella town.Therefore, the inadequate solid waste management practice was a query for environmental and health impacts in Asella town. The principles of reusing, reducing, and recovering solid waste management practice must be supported by professional interventions and government policy.

Hygienic Practices of Vendors and Their Contribution to Coliform, Salmonella, and Shigella Bacteria of Raw Milk at Asella Town, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Coliform, Salmonella, and Shigella are among the most encountered bacteria in raw milk. This study is aimed at determining the extent of coliform, Salmonella, and Shigella bacteria in raw milk and vendor hygiene practices at Asella town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, from March 1 to 30, 2022. In this study, 210 milk vendors were included; each vendor provided a 50 ml sample of raw milk. Bacteria were isolated and identified using standard bacteriological techniques. Data were entered and analyzed using EPI info version 7 and SPSS version 22, respectively. A binary logistic regression model was applied to determine the factors associated with bacterial contamination of raw milk. The total contamination percentage of raw milk was 50 (23.8%) (95% CI: 18.1-29.5%). The predominant bacteria identified were coliform 43 (20.5%) followed by Salmonella species 7 (3.3%). Among coliforms, the predominant bacteria were Citrobacter species 15 (34.9%) followed by Enterobacter species 11 (25.6%), Escherichia coli and Serratia species each 6 (14%), and Klebsiella species 5 (11.6%). However, no Shigella was isolated in this study. Not having the habit of washing cow teats (p < 0.0001), the habit of washing teats with tap water (p < 0.0001), not having separate cloth during milking (p < 0.0001), not having a practice of testing milk for bacterial contamination (p = 0.027), and not having separate vending environment (p = 0.039) were significantly associated with bacterial contamination of raw milk. The percentage of bacterial contamination of milk was found to be high. Participants without a habit of washing cow teats, a habit of washing milk utensils with only tap water, and not having separate vending environments were associated factors for bacterial contamination of raw milk. Milk vendors are advised to develop the habit of washing teats before milking, avoid washing teat/milk utensils only with tap water, and have a separate vending environment.

Wisdom and Viewpoint on the Health Effects of Eating Raw Meat among Adults

Introduction: Consuming raw meat is risky because it might carry germs that cause sickness, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus, which are all eliminated by heat during the cooking process. Objective: Wisdom and viewpoint concerning the health effects of eating raw meat. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional investigation was conducted in Asella town and Hetosa woreda. 400 participants enrolled using a random selection strategy, and information was collected from each research sample using structured interviews. The collected data was exported to SPSS version 22 for further analysis. The variables of research participants were evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistical approaches with level of statistical significance using 0.05 p-value and 95 % CI and the study reported as per STROBE guidelines. Results: Mean and SD of raw meat of Wisdom in the population was 12.5±2.92, and viewpoint was 51.78 ±6.09, and these are highly associated at the p=0.01 level of significance. In conjunction with regression analysis, knowledge R2 of 0.298 represents 29 % independent factors' effect on Wisdom, and F=16.5 demonstrates a strong effect of independent variables on dependent variables of gender, occupation, ethnicity, and family type. While, viewpoint, R2 of 0.21 indicates that 21% of independent variables influence viewpoint, and F=10.4 indicates that independent variables have a significant influence on dependent variables such as age, education, ethnicity, and family type. Conclusions: Study findings highlighted on the study population had a moderate level of wisdom and viewpoint concerning the health effects of eating raw meat. It is necessary to educate the population on the health impacts of raw meat intake.

Magnitude of bottle-feeding practice and associated factors among mothers of 0–24 months’ children in Asella town, Oromia region, Ethiopia

BackgroundSince bottle feeding has an impact on the effectiveness of breastfeeding and appropriate supplemental feeding, the World health organization recommends being avoided for infant and early child feeding. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of the bottle-feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers of 0–24 month’s children in Asella town, Oromia region, Ethiopia.MethodsCommunity-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 8-April 8, 2022, among a sample of 692 mothers of children aged 0–24 months. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview technique questionnaire. The outcome variable bottle-feeding practice (BFP) was assessed using WHO and UNICEF UK healthy baby initiative BF assessment tools. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between explanatory and outcome variables. Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of the association and a p-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.ResultsA total of 692 mothers with mean age and standard deviation (SD) of 31.86 (± 4.87) participated in the study. The prevalence of bottle-feeding practice was 246(35.5% with 95% CI: (31.8, 39.5). Mothers who were government-employed (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.64), mothers who delivered at home (AOR: 3.74, 95% CI: 2.58–5.42), mothers who did not attend postnatal care (AOR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.60,5.44) and mother who had negative attitude (AOR: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.34,2.8) were significantly associated with bottle feeding practices.ConclusionThe BFP were higher in the study area when compared with national reports of practices. The occupational status of the mothers, place of delivery, attending postnatal care, and attitude of the mothers were factors that increased bottle-feeding practice in the study area. Strengthening dietary behavioral modification for mothers who have children 0–24 months of the child to practice appropriate feeding is recommended.

Postabortion Family Planning Utilization and Associated Factors among Women seeking Abortion Services: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ethiopia is a country which suffers with one of the highest levels of unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion practices. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of post-abortion family planning and associated factors among women seeking abortion services in Asella town health facilities. A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women who came for abortion services from July 15 to October 15, 2019. Two hundred seventy-six participants were included using a systematic random sampling technique. Both descriptive and logistic regression analysis were conducted. In multivariate analysis, variables which had a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable. Postabortion family planning utilization among study participants was 146 (53.7%) (95% CI=47.4, 59.2). Formal education (AOR=4.45: 95% CI: (1.18, 16.74), previous history of abortion (AOR=0.35; 95% CI: (0.14, 0.85), positive attitude to towards family planning (AOR=2.62; 95% CI: (1.09, 6.27), counseled on postabortion family planning utilization (AOR=3.12; 95% CI: (1.30, 7.51) were significantly associated with post abortion family planning utilization. In this study, nearly fifty percent of the respondents did not utilize Postabortion Family Planning (PAFP). Educational status, history of pervious abortion, decision when to have a child, attitude toward PAFP utilization and counseling about PAFP were significantly associated with post-abortion family planning use. The health care providers who give abortion service should give counseling for all women who get abortion service. More accents should be given to misperception of PAFP to change the negative attitude of utilization of PAFP.

Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant woman attending antenatal care in asella town arsi oromia, Ethiopia

Background: Anemia during pregnancy affects both the mother and the fetus and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women in underdeveloped nations. Studies were undertaken in many sections of the nation to assess the prevalence of anemia and predictor variables despite its well-known negative impact on health; however, the topic in Asella has not been well addressed or investigated. Objective: From March 15 to April 15, 2017, pregnant women receiving Antenatal Care services at a public health center in Asella, Ethiopia, were assessed for the prevalence of anemia and its contributing factors. Methods and materials: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire complemented by laboratory tests. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and the Hg test. EPI ENFO version 7.1 was used for data clearing and documentation, and SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. The predictors of anemia were found using a logistic regression analysis. To determine the strength of the association, crude and adjusted OR were computed along with their respective 95% CI. P 0.05 was also regarded as statistically significant. Result: The magnitude of anemia was 46.1% in this investigation utilizing a cut level of hemoglobin of 11 g/dl. Anemia was strongly linked with the occupation of merchant (AOR=0.066,95%CI=0.006,0.761), third trimester gestational age (AOR=2.631,95%CI=1.272,5.44), lack of nutrition education (AOR=1.723,95%CI=1.010,2.939), and consumption of wheat as a staple food (AOR=3.288,95%CI=1.765,6.128). Conclusion and recommendation: In the study area, anemia is discovered to be a serious public health issue. A special focus needs to be placed on raising awareness about the consumption of iron-rich and diverse foods among pregnant women and people who work as housewives

Study on Some Clinical Important Physiological and Hematological Reference Values for Indigenous Apparently Healthy Donkeys in Around Asella Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

In the tropical regions Donkeys are exposed to the effects of various environmental factors that alter their physiological and hematological values, which is particularly significant in working Donkeys. However, very little has been done to establish hematological and physiological reference values of local breeds of donkeys in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to determine hematological and physiological reference values for apparently healthy indigenous donkeys breeds in order to form a basis for clinical interpretation in and around Asella town of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The study was conducted from January to July 2021 by taking into account vital physiological parameters like body temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate from a total of 32 study animals. All appropriate records for physiological and blood samples for hematological analysis were collected from 32 donkeys. There was a statistically significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in the physiological heart and respiratory rates against the age of the study donkeys. However, there was no statistically significant (P&gt;0.05) difference in all hematological values of donkeys among sex groups. The mean values of body temperature obtained in this study were: young (37.12±.6.05 o C) and adult (37.55±0.58 o C) donkeys. Similarly, for female and male donkeys were 37.55±0.58 and 37.12 ±6.05 o C, respectively. The mean values of heart rate for young and adult donkeys were 46.93±5.31 and 38±3.98, respectively. The mean values of heart rate for female and male donkeys were 58.08±11.2 and 52.46±7.32, consecutively. The present study result should serve as a reference purpose after proper validation in the study animals and further studies in a various agro-climatic zone of the country, Ethiopia. Keywords: Age, Asella, donkeys, hematological, parameters, physiological, sex. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/94-02 Publication date: August 31 st 2022

Parental communication on sexual and reproductive health issues to their adolescents and affecting factors at Asella town, Ethiopia: a community-based, cross-sectional study

BackgroundParents’ communication on sexual and reproductive health issues with their adolescent plays a great role in preventing morbidity and mortality associated with sexual behavior. However lack of parent to adolescent communication was a serious problem in Ethiopia resulted in teenage pregnancy, unsafe abortions, sexually transmitted infections, school problems, and other sexual risk behaviors. Parents have high responsibility on cultivating their son and daughter regarding to sexual and reproductive health issues. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of parent’s communication with their adolescents and affecting factors in Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 347 respondents. A systematic sampling method was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire, entered into Epi-Info version 7.1.2 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Variables at P-value < 0.05 were considered as significant associations.ResultsSlightly more than one-fifth of the parents (21.3%) had communicated with their adolescents on sexual and reproductive health issues. Associated factors like: being knowledgeable [AOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.89–5.39] and being having positive attitudes [AOR 3.03, 95% CI: 1.37–6.70] towards sexual reproductive health issues were significantly associated with communication.ConclusionOverall a low proportion of parental communication with their children was identified on sexual and reproductive health issues. This was affected by multidimensional factors to determine their discussion. Thus, promotion of parent to adolescent communication, parents training and addressing the importance of parent to young people communication along with health care providers was important.

Client Satisfaction with Contraceptive Counseling and Associated Factors in Public Health Institutions: A Cross-Sectional Study Design

Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess client satisfaction with contraceptive counseling and associated factors among women attending the family planning clinics in Asella town public health institutions, Ethiopia. Methods: Study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling and data were collected using interviewer administered and entered into software for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to predict the relation between variables and a significant of statistics was assured using 95% CI and p value &lt; 0.05 was considered as significant predictor. Results: This study revealed that 62.8% of the study respondents were satisfied with contraceptive counseling. Multiple logistic regression models showed that, being urban in residence, time taken to reach nearby health facility, being asked reproductive history, explained side effects, privacy ensured, asked worries and concern about the method and use of the leaflet were predictors associated with client satisfaction with contraceptive counseling. Conclusions: About 62.8% of clients were satisfied with contraceptive counseling. Being urban in residence, time taken to reach nearby health facilities, explains side effects, being asked reproductive history, worries and concern about the method and use of the leaflet were factors associated with client satisfaction with contraceptive counseling

Effects of Supply Chain Integration on Competitive Advantage and Organizational Performance: A Case of Food Complex Industries in Asella town

The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of supply chain integration on competitive advantage and organizational performance in the food complex industries in Asella town. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed in this study. The population of interest comprised of all suppliers (farmers and farmers cooperatives), employees, customers, wholesalers and retailers were involved and multistage sampling was employed and 234 sample size was used. Structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS package, Descriptive statics, inferential statics and correlation to describe and analyze the extent of supply chain integration and its effects on competitive advantage and organizational performance. The study revealed that supply chain integration (supply chain responsiveness, strategic partnership, supply chain information, customer relationships) positively affects the competitive advantage and organizational performance. The study also shows that food complex industries supply chain integration were poor in improving company’s competitive advantage and organizational performance. The study recommends that the actors of the food complex industries should foster and customize of managing their supply chains as this has a direct influence on competitive advantage and organizational performance. Keywords: supply chain integration, competitive advantage, organizational performance DOI: 10.7176/IEL/11-2-03 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Isolation and Identification of Major Pathogenic Bacteria from Clinical Mastitic Cows in Asella Town, Ethiopia.

Mastitis is a multietiological and complex disease causing inflammation of the parenchyma of mammary glands and is a problem in many dairy cows. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria that cause bovine clinical mastitis. A cross-sectional study was undertaken between November 2018 to April 2019 on a small scale and government dairy farms in Asella town. Cow's udder and teats were physically examined to detect clinical mastitis. A total of 83 milk samples were collected from 46 cows that show clinical sign of mastitis from a total of 12 farms. Isolation and identification of major bacterial species were carried out by culturing different media and using primary and secondary biochemical tests. Out of the 83 samples collected and examined, all (100%) were positive for the cultural isolation of bacterial species. The bacteria were identified to genus and species level. Among the 83 isolates, 32 (38.6%), 24 (28.9%), and 6 (7.2%) were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, and Staphylococcus hyicus, respectively. Other bacteria like Escherichia coli 12 (14.5%) and Streptococcus species 2 (2.4%) were also isolated. Bacillus species 2 (2.4%), Proteus species 2 (2.4%), and 3 (3.6%) of them were mixed bacterial infections. The present study revealed that both contagious and environmental bacterial pathogens were responsible for the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Proper milking practices and farm husbandry practices and future detailed studies up to the species level and on antibiotic profiles of the pathogens are needed.

The Roles of Community Policing for Community Security and Peace Building: The Case of Asella Town Administration

Community policing is the most means of reacting to incidents and insecurity before it happens and improving social environment as well as reducing fear of crime. Despite its vital roles in maintaining peace and security for the local community, there is no adequate literature on the roles of community policing for community security and peace building. This implies that there is little known about the roles of community policing in Asella Town administration and as a result this study aimed to assess the roles of community policing for community security and peace building in Asella Town Administration. To conduct this research qualitative research approach was used. For this purpose, data collected through different data collection mechanism including key informants, focus group discussion and participant observation. were analyzed through thematic data analysis approach. The findings of this research indicate that, community policing brings the police officers and the community of Asella town together to deter crime and promote community security. It also increased the perceptions of safety and reduced anti-social behavior. It also empowered the community of the town to take charge of their security needs. It also increased the satisfaction of police officers towards their work in community. The collective security action of community policing in the Asella town involved various community members such as elders, youth and religious organization. Community policing needs to be practiced in a systematic way to demonstrate better results in maintaining peace and security issues. Community meetings on community policing must be take place regularly in order to involve more community members in community policing activities. Keywords : Community Policing, Community Security and Stability, Asella Town DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-10-06 Publication date: October 31 st 2020

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breastfeeding in Mothers who have Children from birth to 2 years old in Asella Town, Ethiopia, 2015

Background and Aim: Breastfeeding provides the ideal food for healthy growth and development of infants; it is also an integral part of the reproductive process. However, breastfeeding rate is low in developing countries including Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 20, to June 30, 2015 to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards breastfeeding mothers who feed their child from birth to 2 years old. Results: Of 384 total mothers, about 74.9% and 68.6% mothers had sufficient knowledge and good attitude towards breastfeeding pattern respectively. Only one hundred ninety three (50.3%) of the mothers had good practice of breastfeeding. The proportion of the mothers initiating breastfeeding within one hour of delivery and exclusive breastfeeding was 66.2% and 82.3%, respectively. Being employed AOR (Adjusted odds ratio)=2.58[95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.29-5.16), having ANC (Antenatal care) follow up AOR=3.33(95%CI:1.65-6.74), institutional delivery AOR=1.22(0.29-0.5.17) and being employed AOR=3.0(95%CI:1.73- 5.20), having ANC follow up AOR=2.93(95%CI:1.41-6.07) and institutional delivery AOR=0.66(95%CI:0.16-2.61) were significantly associated with sufficient knowledge and good attitude, respectively. Moreover, ANC follow up AOR=3.12(95%CI: 1.47-6.66) and being counseled during ANC follow up AOR=2.60(95%CI: 1.52-4.45) had shown statistically significant association with practice of breastfeeding. Conclusion: This study revealed that the prevalence of ever breastfeeding and giving the first milk for their newborns was almost universal; however, still mothers had gaps about timely initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Being employed, having ANC follow up and institutional delivery could have an influence on knowledge and attitude of the mothers towards breastfeeding.

Assessment of status of solid waste management in Asella town, Ethiopia

BackgroundImproper solid waste management (SWM) is a major public health and environmental concern in the urban areas of many developing countries such as Asella Town. The aim of this study was to assess the status of SWM in Asella town.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the status of improper SWM and associated factors in Asella town. From the total of eight kebeles (smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia) four kebeles were randomly selected using lottery method. The sample size was 413 households. The households were proportionally allocated to each randomly selected kebeles. The data was collected by pretested questionnaire in the local language. Data was entered using statistical software Epi Info version seven and transferred to SPSS version 21. Descriptive data analysis was done to summarize the socioeconomic status of the respondents. Chi-square was used to show the association between the status of solid waste management and different variables. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the potential factors for improper SWM.Result332 (82.8%), had improper solid waste management practice. Lack of adequate knowledge about solid waste management and not having access to door to door solid waste collection could have contributed to the reported improper solid waste practice. Participants who didn’t have access to door to door solid waste collection service were about three times more likely to practice improper solid waste management when compared to those who had access (AOR = 2.873, 95 CI (1.565,5.273) P = 0.001).ConclusionThe study finding showed that, the majority of the residents practiced improper solid waste management. Lack of adequate knowledge about solid waste management and not having access to door to door solid waste collection could have contributed to the reported improper solid waste practice. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the awareness of the community about proper SWM and to improve the door to door solid waste collection service by the town municipality.

Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cattle; Retrospective Study in Asella Town, Central Ethiopia

Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cattle; Retrospective Study in Asella Town, Central Ethiopia