Ascospores Research Articles

Plectocarpon Hypogymniae (Roccellaceae), a New Lichenicolous Species from Siberia

Plectocarpon hypogymniae sp. nov. is described from Hypogymnia bitteri in Siberia. It is distinguished from all known Plectocarpon species with the pigment Atra-brown by the particularly narrow ascospores, and from all species by the host.

Bicarbonate salts and calcium cyanamide suppress apothecial production by <i>Ciborinia camelliae</i>

Apothecia of Ciborinia camelliae arise from soilborne sclerotia that are often located at the base of camellia bushes and release ascospores that infect camellia flowers To suppress the production of apothecia as a strategy to control camellia flower blight granule formulations of potassium bicarbonate (Armicarb 100SR) at 300 kg/ha ammonium bicarbonate (Armicarb 300) at 300 kg/ha and calcium cyanamide at 500 and 1000 kg/ha were applied to soil beneath camellia bushes After 16 days potassium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate and calcium cyanamide at both rates reduced the numbers of apothecia from 321/m2 in untreated plots to 46 30 08 and 03/m2 respectively This level of control continued for the duration of apothecial production Calcium cyanamide at 5001000 kg/ha and the bicarbonate salts at 300 kg/ha offer potential for cultural control of camellia flower blight The optimum rate for bicarbonate salts to achieve complete suppression of apothecia still needs to be determined

Astrosphaeriella from Taiwan, Including Two New Species

A modified generic concept is adopted in the study of ascomycetes referred to Astrosphaeriella from Taiwan. Seven species, including two new species, are described and illustrated. A key to the Taiwan species is also provided. Those species with striate ascospores are found to constitute a distinct group within Astrosphaeriella and can readily be distinguished from the other species in Astrosphaeriella.

Population Genetics of Fungi Associated with Esca Disease in French Vineyards.

Among the fungi isolated from vines showing symptoms of esca disease, the ascomycetes Eutypa lata (Ela), and the hyphomycetes Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum (Pch) and P. aleophilum (Pal) appear to precede the activity of the decay fungus, Fomitiporia punctata (Fop) which seems to come at the end of the wood degradation process. We carried out studies on the population genetics of these fungi in order to gain more insight into their mode of propagation and life history as well as on their ability to evolve in response to control practices. Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the genetic relationships among isolates at different geographic levels. Particular attention was given to the diversity existing at vineyard level. Diversity was also studied at regional level and supraregionally among populations from different regions. Ela isolates from single vineyards were all of different haplotypes and there was no gametic disequilibrium between RAPD markers. These findings strongly suggested that the population structure of the heterothallic Ela is shaped by random mating, being spread only by its ascospores. This population structure was also found at the regional scale with no genetic differentiation among Ela populations from different French regions. In Fop populations, an exclusive spread by basidiospores seemed to occur and genetic differentiation was very weak. RAPD markers were more difficult to detect for Phaeoacremonium species, indicating they had less polymorphism than Ela and Fop. Several different haplotypes of Pch and Pal were found at vineyard level, suggesting several outside sources for the primary inoculum. Populations of Pch and Pal from different regions appeared weakly differentiated. These results indicate that French viticultural regions have to be considered as unique epidemiological unit when considering control measures.

Cocoicola livistonicola, sp. nov., and notes on Cocoicola cylindrospora from palms

Cocoicola livistonicola, a new species from senescent petioles ofLivistona chinensis in Hong Kong, is described. It differs from previously reportedCocoicola species in having differently shaped ascospores. Notes onCocoicola cylindrospora which was recently collected onCocos nucifera in the Seychelles are also provided.

A new species ofClaussenomyces(Helotiales) from southern South America

Abstract Claussenomyces pleomorphicus is proposed as a new species, characterised within the genus by lack of an ionomidotic reaction, ascospore size, and the production of anamorph conidiomata in nature, with a microstructure different from all known species belonging to the genus.

TAXONOMIC AND DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS SPHAEROPHORUS (CALICIALES) IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

Sphaerophorus diplotypus Vainio is reported as new to mainland Africa (Tanzania). Sphaerophorus digitaius Wang-Yang & Lai is reduced to a synonym of 5. diplotypus. The name Sphaerophorus dodgei Ohlsson is validated and a description of the species is given. Sphaerophorus dodgei is recorded as being widespread and common in the Valdivian rainforest of Chile and Argentina. Sphaerophorus imshaugii Ohlsson is reported as new to the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Sphaerophorus macrocarpus Ohlsson is reported as new to South America (Chile). In S. dodgei and 5. macrocarpus the spore ornamentation consists of mazaedial material added to the spore wall after the spores have been released from the asci. Concentric bodies occur in young ascospores of 5. macrocarpus. A protocetraric-acid-deficient strain of 5. microsporus Ohlsson is reported for the first time. Sphaerophorus tibellii Wedin, from northern New Zealand, is described as new.

Thuemenella and Sarawakus

The anamorph of Thuemenella cubispora is shown to be a species of Nodulisporium, and T. cubispora is referred to the Xylariales, Xylariaceae. The remaining species of Thuemenella are reevaluated and considered congeneric with Sarawakus lycogaloides. Sarawakus is recognized for members of the Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae, having Hypocrea-like stromata and eight, unicellular, warted or tuberculate, green, pale yellow or rarely colorless ascospores. The following are placed in Sarawakus: Thuemenella brittanica, T.fragilis, T. hexaspora, T. izawae, T. sordida, Hypocrea subtrachycarpa, and H. trachycarpa. The new species Sarawakus roseus is described and illustrated.

Dictyocoprotus, a New Genus of the Pyronemataceae with Reticulated Ascospores

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: Dictyocoprotuscoprophiloustaxonomyornamented ascosporesMexico

The sexed shape of Helminthosporium gramineum Rabh. fungus involved in increasing disease damage of torn leaves in barley

The onset of some sclerotic formations are reported on barley straws on which the following microscopic investigations and biometrical measurements peritecia, ascia and ascospores of Pyrenophora graminea (Rabh. Ito et Kurib.) were detected, representing the sexed multiplication of fungus Helminthosporium gramineum , the pathogenic factor causing leaf tearing in barley, a condition rarely encountered in nature. Owing to the great number of peritecia on barley straw residues, we are of the opinion that the sexed multiplication of fungus represents a real danger in barley cultivation assigning the efficient control steps against this pest.

Additions to Nodulosphaeria

Redescriptions and illustrations are given for five species of Nodulosphaeria with five-septate ascospores. A key is provided for these and other known species with five-septate ascospores. Nodulosphaeria winteri (Niessl) Crivelli, known previously from Switzerland, is reported from California, U.S.A., on Plantago juncoides Lam.

Ascomycetes of New Zealand 5.Mycocalicium scheffleraesp. nov., its ascal ultrastructure andPhialophoraanamorph GARY J. SAMUELS

Abstract Mycocalicium schefflerae sp. nov. is proposed. Colonies derived from isolated ascospores produced a Phialophora anamorph. Ultrastructure of the ascus was studied and found to be of the Parmelia type. Taxonomy of the Mycocaliciaceae is discussed.

Self-stimulation and self-inhibition in germinating ascospores of Sclerotinia curreyana

Self-stimulation and self-inhibition in germinating ascospores of Sclerotinia curreyana

Determination of Conspecificity ofCandida UtilisandHansenula JadiniiThrough DNA Reassociation

(1979). Determination of Conspecificity of Candida Utilis and Hansenula Jadinii Through DNA Reassociation. Mycologia: Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 844-847.

Release of Ascospores and ASCI from the Perithecia of Ophioceras Dolichostomum

(1978). Release of Ascospores and ASCI from the Perithecia of Ophioceras Dolichostomum. Mycologia: Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 895-898.

The Endomycetaceae: new concepts, new taxa

The Endomycetaceae is redefined and expanded to include yeasts and fungi bearing ascocarps or ascophores but is restricted to genera producing either galeate ascospores or other characteristics indicating affinities to the central genus Ceratocystis. The genus Endomyces is emended and a neotype is selected for the type species, E. decipiens. Endomyces cortinarii sp. nov. and Phialoascus borealis gen. et sp. nov. are described. A key to the genera admitted to the Endomycetaceae and listed below is included: Ambrosiozyma, Amorphotheca, Ascoidea, Botryoascus, Cephaloascus, Ceratocystiopsis, Ceratocystis, Endomyees, Europhium, Hansenula, Hormoascus. Pachysolen, Ophiostoma. Phialoascus, and Stephanoascus. Zendera gen. nov. (Schizosaccharomycetaceae) and Galactomyces gen. nov. (Onygenaceae) are described. The following new combinations are made: Zendera tetrasperma (Macy et Miller) comb, nov., Z. ovetensis (Peláez et Ramirez) comb, nov., Galactomyces geotrichum (Butler et Petersen) comb. nov., G. reesü (van der Walt) comb, nov., and Magnusiomyces magnusü (Ludwig) comb. nov.

Arniella, A New Genus of the Sordariaceae with Pitted Ascospores

<i>Arniella</i>, A New Genus of the Sordariaceae with Pitted Ascospores

Arniella, a New Genus of the Sordariaceae with Pitted Ascospores

Arniella, a New Genus of the Sordariaceae with Pitted Ascospores

Venturia asperatasp. nov. and itsFusicladiumState on Apple Leaves

Abstract Venturia asperata Samuels & Sivanesan sp. nov. was isolated from apple leaves in New Zealand. The ascospores of this species measure 10–14 × 4–5 µm and are septate slightly below the middle. Colonies derived from solitary ascospores produced a Fusicladium state.

Infection of Bean by Ascospores of Whetzelinia sclerotiorum

Infection of Bean by Ascospores of Whetzelinia sclerotiorum