Ascorbic Acid Values Research Articles

Isolation, identification, and activity evaluation of antioxidant components from Inula viscosa: A bioguided approach

Oxidative stress is linked to several invasive diseases which causes significant clinical and economic impact, therefore, there is a need to develop new antioxidants. The natural products could play an important role in overcoming the current need. In the present work, the antioxidant bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of Inula viscosa leaves (Asteraceae) was performed using DPPH and ABTS assays affording three known compounds, which were successfully characterized as ilicic acid (1), taxifolin (2) and quercetin (3) based on 1D, 2D NMR. Compounds 2 and 3 were identified as the most active, displaying similar or higher potency against ABTS (value 41.27 for quercetin and 142.58 for taxifolin) and similar activity against DPPH (value 41.27 for quercetin and 142.58 for taxifolin) than the well-known reference, ascorbic acid (value 65.36 for quercetin and 58.43 for taxifolin) but less potency than the standard gallic acid. The discussion of SAR of the antioxidant potential revealed that the type of natural product is crucial for the activity and the substitution pattern on the flavonoid skeleton modulate the antioxidant profile. Our findings show that I. viscosa leaves may be a natural source of antioxidants and once again the role of flavonoids health benefits is more strongly endorsed.

Different Crude Extracts of Cinnamomum tamala with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Capabilities

In this present study, crude extracts of young and mature leaves of Cinnamomum tamala were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities. The cold percolation method was carried out with polar solvents methanol and ethanol. The antioxidant activities of all the extracts were assessed by DPPH assay and antibacterial properties were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae by agar well diffusion method. All extracts were able to scavenge free radicals in which strong antioxidant activity was found in methanolic extract of young leaves, and its IC50 value was estimated as (67.19±14.96 μg/mL) at a concentration range of 31.25-500 μg/mL while IC50 value of standard ascorbic acid was found to be 33.53±0.97 μg/mL at the concentration range of 10-50 μg/mL. The ethanolic extract of leaves (ZOI = 19 mm) showed strong antibacterial activity while standard neomycin showed (ZOI = 23 mm) against Escherichia coli at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. These results may provide scientific evidence of the traditional uses of C. tamala. Isolation and characterization of pure active compounds should be done in the future.

Optimum growth and quality of the edible ice plant under saline conditions.

Ice plant is a halophyte, known for its antioxidant activity and for being a highly functional food. It is capable of increasing its contents of health-promoting compounds when subjected to certain stresses such as salinity. The objective of this work was to determine the plant's best growing conditions to achieve both an optimal production of bioactive metabolites and high crop yield. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum were grown under semi-controlled conditions and four saline treatments were applied at: 0, 100, 200 and 300 mmol L-1 sodium chloride (NaCl), respectively. The 100 mmol L-1 NaCl treatment induced a slight increase in shoot dry weight (DW) and enhanced the leaf area. At higher salinity levels, however, the shoot biomass decreased. The concentration of starch and total proteins declined as the concentration of salt increased, while the total soluble sugars (TSS) content was lower in 100 and 300 mmol L-1 NaCl treatments. Proline increased in conditions over 100 mmol L-1 NaCl. Furthermore, plants grown with 300 mmol L-1 of NaCl presented the highest values of glutathione, ascorbic acid and vitamin C. Antioxidant enzymes activity and total phenolics increased with the severity of the salinity. Ice plant accumulates high levels of health-promoting compounds when grown with 300 mmol L-1 NaCl. A high concentration of beneficial compounds, however, is detrimental to the plant's growth. Moreover, 100 mmol L-1 NaCl treatment not only improved the concentration of bioactive and antioxidant compounds but also preserved the crop yield. It could thus be interesting to promote the cultivation of this high nutritional value plant in environments of moderate salinity. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Anti Hemolytic Activity of Rutin incase of Phenyl Hydrazine induced Hemolysis

The important role of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen to the tissues from the lungs to provide oxygen to all cells. During circulation, RBCs are continuously exposed to both endogenous and exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can injury the RBC and ruin its function. The imbalance between cellular production of reactive oxygen species and the counteracting antioxidant mechanism leads to Oxidative stress. Flavonoids are low molecular weight secondary polyphenolic metabolites present in plants characterized by their flavan nucleus. Rutin is a flavonol plentiful in a variety of commonly ingested foods. The term ‘Rutin’ came from a plant known as Ruta graveolens that also encompasses Rutin. Teas and fruits have high concentration of Rutin. Buckwheat seeds (Fagopyrum esculantum) are the richest source. Rutin protects the body from cellular damage caused by free radicals with its antioxidant properties. It helps to eliminate cholesterol from the body and increase elasticity of the arterial walls, which in turn promotes greater blood flow. The present investigation was aimed to assess the antihemolytic activity of the Rutin using phenyl hydrazine as hemolysin. This study uses RBC as model system to access the anti-hemolytic activity of Rutin using phenyl hydrazine as hemolysin. Phenyl hydrazine which was used previously in treating sickle cell anemia was used in this investigation as hemolysin. The result of the study shows that the addition of phenyl hydrazine [1-500 μg/ml] to the RBC suspension caused significant (P<0.01) rise in hemolysis. The cell pellet in the bottom of the tubes reduced to reddish colored supernatant indicating hemolysis. The effect was concentration dependent. The present investigation clearly indicates that phenyl hydrazine causes hemolysis and toxicity to RBC. The concurrent addition of phenyl hydrazine along with the test compound Rutin (100-500 μg/ml) to the RBC suspension significantly (P<0.01) reduced phenyl hydrazine induced hemolysis in a concentration dependent manner. The protective effect of Rutin on the hemolysis induced by phenyl hydrazine clearly shows it acts as anti-hemolytic agent. This finding was compared with the standard ascorbic acid. IC50 value of Rutin and ascorbic acid were 160.86 and 163.5 μg/ml respectively. The Rutin extract showed maximum inhibitory effect 69.8%.at 500μg/ml. This shows that Rutin can be effectively used as anti-hemolytic agent.

Optimization of refractance window drying conditions for passion fruit puree

Passion fruits (Passiflora edulis) have pleasant flavor, an acidic aroma and high vitamins and phytochemicals content. However, they are highly perishable. In this study, the effect of refractance window drying (RWD) temperature and time on nutrients and antioxidant activity of passion fruits was assessed. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the drying temperature and time. Moisture, vitamin C, β-carotene and total phenolic content and total anti-oxidant activity were considered as the response variables. Optimal drying temperature and time conditions were found to be 82.5 °C and 60 min, respectively. The respective values for ascorbic acid, moisture, β-carotene, total antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content under optimal drying conditions were 58.8 mg/100 g solids, 11.1% wet basis, 8.8 μg retinol activity equivalent (RAE)/100g solids, 367.6 mg/100 g solids vitamin C equivalent (VCE) and 352.2 mg/100 g solids gallic acid equivalent (GAE), respectively. All models for prediction of these values were satisfactory and had a non-significant lack of fit (p < 0.05). The retention of ascorbic acid, β-carotene, total antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content at the optimal conditions was 90.2, 75.9, 89.7, 88.3%, respectively. Results show that RWD under optimal conditions gives passion fruit powder high nutritional quality.

Evaluation of quality parameters and antioxidant properties of protein concentrates and hydrolysates of hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus)

AbstractThe hyacinth bean protein hydrolysates (HPHs) were derived from hyacinth bean protein concentrate (HPC) by enzymatic hydrolysis following isoelectric method using pepsin enzyme. The HPH displayed strong antioxidant activities than hyacinth flour and HPC, where released amino acids were the major contributors to enhanced antioxidant activities. The IC50 values for HPH and ascorbic acid (AA) were 0.052 and 0.020 mg/ml correspondingly. The total phenolic content (TPC) of HPH and HPC were 35.1 and 22.03 mg GAE/g, respectively. The antioxidant potential of both HPC and HPH was assessed by adding those components to apple juice at a rate of 3 g/L and kept at ambient temperature for 6 days. Both HPC and HPH delayed the development of oxidizing products during 6‐day storage where HPH exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity to that of HPC. The HPH reduced the oxidizing substances by 79.58%, 65.1%, and 62.03% at Days 0, 1, and 6, respectively, compared with control. These findings demonstrate that the hyacinth hydrolysates offer a good potential for use in the food industry as natural antioxidants.

Effects of Salinity Stress on Some Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Parameters in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Germplasm

ABSTRACT The production of cotton is negatively affected by salinity. For this purpose, 8 parents and their 16 F1 hybrids were evaluated under saline stress (15 dSm−1) in Line × Tester fashion. Mean values of plant height, number of bolls plant−1, boll weight, lint weight, seed cotton yield plant−1, seed index, no. of seeds boll−1, seed mass boll−1, lint mass boll−1, seed volume per 100 seeds, fiber strength, fiber length, lint%, K+, K+/Na+ ratio, CAT, TSP, chlorophyll a, b, and relative water contents decreased under salt stress whilst the values of lint index, seed density, fiber fineness, Na+, H2O2, SOD, POD carotenoids, malondialdehyde, phenolic contents, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids increased under saline conditions. Under saline MS-71× CRS-2007, MS-71× KAHKASHAN, and IUB-65 × FH-312 exhibited performed better than other genotypes for most traits. For fiber quality traits IUB-65× CRS-2007 and IUB-65× FH-312 showed the highest value under salt stress. Improved identified cotton genotypes can enhance our capacity to grow cotton in salt-affected soils and the key morpho-biochemical traits can potentially be exploited to obtain higher and more stable crops yield under stressed environments.

A Systematic Study of the Antioxidant Capacity of Humic Substances against Peroxyl Radicals: Relation to Structure.

Humic substances (HS) are natural supramolecular systems of high- and low-molecular-weight compounds with distinct immunomodulatory and protective properties. The key beneficial biological activity of HS is their antioxidant activity. However, systematic studies of the antioxidant activity of HS against biologically relevant peroxyl radicals are still scarce. The main objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant capacity (AOC) of a broad set of HS widely differing in structure using an oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay. For this purpose, 25 samples of soil, peat, coal, and aquatic HS and humic-like substances were characterized using elemental analysis and quantitative 13C solution-state NMR. The Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to quantify total phenol (TP) content in HS. The determined AOC values varied in the range of 0.31–2.56 μmol Trolox eqv. mg−1, which is close to the values for ascorbic acid and vitamin E. Forward stepwise regression was used to reveal the four main factors contributing to the AOC value of HS: atomic C/N ratio, content of O-substituted methine and methoxyl groups, and TP. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the dependence of the AOC of HS on both phenolic and non-phenolic moieties in their structure, including carbohydrate fragments.

Dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) and its effects on growth attributes, organ indices, whole‐body composition and biochemical parameters

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid (ASA) is an essential micronutrient for normal growth, antioxidant capacity and immunity of fish. However, appropriate requirements of ASA for Ctenopharyngodon idella, grass carp juveniles (8.46 ± 0.19), remain unknown. For this purpose, a feeding trial of 60 days was conducted in triplicates. Six isolipidic and isoproteic diets containing 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ASA were prepared. Results showed a linear increase in growth as ASA supplementation was increased from 0 to 100 mg/kg. However, a further increase in dietary ASA supplementation from 200 to 400 mg/kg resulted in a slight decrease in growth parameters. A similar trend was also recorded for the whole body, proximate composition, antioxidant enzymes and organ indices against ASA supplementation. On the contrary, fish fed with basal diet had higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content in the liver and muscles than those fed with ASA supplemented diets. ASA concentration in muscles increased in a dose-dependent manner, while ASA value was the highest in the fish fed with 100 mg/kg ASA concentration. The weight gain (WG%) data were subjected to broken-line regression analysis, and the optimal ASA requirement of grass carp juveniles was estimated to be 67.1667 mg/kg. Taken together, the inclusion of 67.1667 mg/kg of ASA is recommended in the feed of grass carp juveniles for optimum growth performance. We also recommend analysing the effect of ASA in combination with vitamin A and E.

Effect of Antioxidants on Pig Semen Cryopreservation to Preserve Sperm Fertility after Thawing

Boar semen cryopreservation has a high potential in the swine industry, allowing the large-scale use of genetically superior animals, improving efficiency, product quality, helping to reduce the risk of disease spread and gathering needs from the market. From a genetic point of view, semen freezing is desirable for genetic diversification, favouring a more efficient reproduction as well as the constitution of germplasm banks, including for repopulation in case of disease outbreak. However, freezing this semen for long periods for practical use is limited by the reduced viability and fertilization potential caused to sperm during the cryopreservation process and consequently low conception rates and smaller litters after artificial insemination. In part, the decrease in the fertilizing power of frozen spermatozoa may be associated with oxidative damage due to excessive formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), osmotic stress and cell damage due to ice formation during cryopreservation. To suppress the damage caused by ROS, the present study was conducted to determine the impact of supplementation with three antioxidants, these being ascorbic acid, a-tocopherol and reduced glutathione, evaluating the parameters of semen quality, viability, total and progressive motility, vigour and agglutination rate after thawing. For this purpose, semen was collected from five boars, each being collected three times, at weekly intervals, always at the same time. Immediately after harvesting, the macroscopic (colour, appearance, and volume) and microscopic evaluation of the semen (mass motility, concentration, progressive individual motility, spermatic vigour and spermatic morphology) were evaluated. Subsequently, the semen was placed at 15°C for two hours and centrifuged at 800 x g for 10 minutes also at 15°C, removing the supernatant. For the freezing medium, a base medium consisting of a commercial MR-A extender, supplemented with 3% v/v glycerol, 10% v/v egg yolk and 0.20% w/v Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) was used. The nine treatments used in the study were, respectively, ascorbic acid at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400μL, a-Tocopherol at concentrations of 200, 400 and 800μM and reduced Glutathione at concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/l and numbered as T1 to T9, respectively. In the control group, semen was frozen in a medium without adding any antioxidant. The semen belonging to the different treatments and to the control was placed in 0.25ml insemination French straws and incubated at 6°C for two hours. The subsequent freezing was carried out in nitrogen vapours (-120°C) for ten minutes and immersed in liquid nitrogen after this period. After 7 days, the semen was thawed in a water bath at 37°C for 20 seconds, the straws dried on paper, placed on a microscope slide heated to 37°C and evaluated according to the parameters described above. Regarding the comparison between the different treatments, it was observed that the sperm viability obtained in the treatments with ascorbic acid as well as glutathione reduced, was not statistically different from the control group. Higher values of ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione reduced sperm viability after thawing. As for the use of a-tocopherol at a concentration of 400μM, the best results of the entire study were obtained, with sperm viability of 31.52% (±1.50). Regarding sperm motility and agglutination rate, a-tocopherol also showed the best results at the concentration of 200μM, in which the mean sperm motility was 2.57 ± 0.15 and 2.07 ± 0.15, respectively. The results of the present study allow us to infer that the addition of 200μM or 400μM of a-tocopherol to the swine semen-freezing medium has a positive effect on sperm viability parameters after thawing.

Bioactive properties and evaluation of the prebiotic potential of cashew apple fiber using Bifidobacterium Lactis / Propriedades bioativas e avaliação do potencial prebiótico da fibra do pedúnculo de caju utilizando Bifidobacterium Lactis

Agro-industrial byproducts possess biotechnological potential due to the presence of bioactive compounds. These have positive metabolic effects, such as the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases, inflammation, among others. The cashew apple is one of these byproducts and stands out for its levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and ascorbic acid, which provide high antioxidant capacity, in addition to being an excellent source of pectin, a dietary fiber that stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive characteristics and the in vitro prebiotic effect of processed cashew apple when subjected to Bifidobacterium lactis. Anaerobic fermentation was carried out in a shaker at 100 rpm, 37 °C for 24 hours, using processed cashew apple as the substrate, which was enriched with a nutrient solution containing mineral salts. The growth was estimated in colony-forming units (CFU/mL), during strategic intervals of fermentation times on selective bifidobacteria agar medium, and the medium’s pH was monitored. The prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) was used as a control. The cashew apple showed bioactive properties, with ascorbic acid values of 4.58 ± 0.00 mg/100 g, total phenolic compounds of 366.85 ± 3.43 mg GAE/100 g, flavonoids of 85.03 ± 4.15 mg CE/100 g and antioxidant capacity of 17.78 ± 0.20 µM TEAC/g. Plate counts showed small white colonies and complete regular edges. The growth of bifidobacteria in FOS was 10 Log CFU/mL -1 after 24 hours of fermentation, while in the cashew apple the growth was 8.8 Log CFU mL -1 after 12 hours of fermentation, with a reduction in pH medium (pH 5.08) that left it slightly more acidic than the standard (pH 5.98). Thus, it can be inferred that the cashew apple presents important functional properties, with possible benefits to human health.

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of unpurified and purified datura seed

Aim: Evaluation of effect of shodhana process of datura seed (Datura stramonium) antioxidant activity. Methods: The datura was purified with two different processes viz. cow’s urine, and cow’s milk by Dolayantra method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by in-vitro 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activity and Ferric reducing power ability (FRPA) assay. Result: cow urine purified datura (CUD) showed a significant effect in inhibiting DPPH, reaching up to 85.96% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its IC50 was 314.3 mcg/ml while Unpurified Datura Seed (UD) reaching up to 86.06% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its IC50 was 171.73 mcg/ml. The Cow Milk Purified Datura Seed (CMD) extract reach 69.72% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its IC50 value was 640. The IC50 value of Ascorbic acid was 23.35 mcg/ml. CUD showed a significant effect in reduction of ferric ion, reaching up to 85.59% reduction at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its EC50 was 304.46 mcg/ml while UD reaching up to 86.11% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its EC50 was 280.28 mcg/ml. CMD extract reach 52.28% at concentration 1000 mcg/ml and its EC50 value was 1091.3mcg/ml.

Combination Effect of Tamoxifen and Ascorbic Acid Treatment on Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) and Cervical Cancer Cells (HeLa)

Breast cancer and cervical cancer are among the leading causes of death among women in the world. The development of drug resistance in both cancer cells, has reduced the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. The current study was aimed to evaluate cell viability of human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and cervical cancer cells, HeLa upon combination treatment of ascorbic acid and tamoxifen. The cell viability was performed using MTT assay incubated for 72 hours in humidified CO 2 incubator. The concentration of tamoxifen and ascorbic acid that reduced 50% of cells population (IC 50 ) was determined from dose response curve. IC 50 concentration was used to determine cell viability in treated cells. CompuSyn software was used to evaluate the combination effects towards both cells upon treatment and results were calculated as combination index (CI). Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test. The IC 50 value of tamoxifen and ascorbic acid on MCF-7 cells were 14.53 µg/ml and 15.8 µg/ml respectively whereas the IC 50 value of tamoxifen and ascorbic acid on HeLa cells were 11.09 µg/ml and 202.3 µg/ml respectively. Combination of tamoxifen and ascorbic acid exerted greater growth reduction in both cells compared to tamoxifen alone. The results indicated ascorbic acid synergizes the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen at lower concentrations towards MCF-7 cells with the CI less than 1. However, the combination of tamoxifen and ascorbic acid exerted antagonistic effect in HeLa cells when CI were more than 1. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1902-12

Yield And Quality Of Potato As Affected By Foliar Spraying Of Boron And Cytokinin

Two field experiments were carried out during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019, at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture (Saba- Basha) at Abees area, Alexandria University, Egypt, to study the effect of foliar application of the various levels of both BA as cytokinin and Boron on vegetative growth, yield, and quality of ' Hermes' potato cultivar. Cut seedy explants were, approximately, 40 g in weight and each seedy explant contained 2 eyes planted on the 20th February du ring both seasons. Cutting seeds were planted under a drip irrigation system at 30 cm apart in the row and 0.8 m width in dry soil then irrigated. The experimental plot consisted of two rows with 10.00 m long and 0.80 m width; making an area of 16.00 m2. The experimental design was a split-plot- design in a randomized complete block. The main plots allocated for boron levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg l-1). Whereas, the sub-plots were occupied by 6-benzyl adenine levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg l-1). The results indicated that foliar application of boron at 30 mg l-1 gave the highest average values of No. of tubers per plant, tuber fresh weight (g plant-1), No. of tubers per 10 kg, total yield per plant (g) as well as total yield; (ton fed-1) compared to control plants during both seasons of the study. On the other side, foliar application of cytokinin at 30 mg l-1 recorded the highest of No. of tubers per plant, tuber fresh weight (g plant-1), No. of tubers per 10 kg, total yield per plant (g) as well as total yield; (ton fed-1 as compared with control treatment and the other treatments, during both seasons. Results of this characteristic revealed that applying boron at 30 mg l-1 increased significantly the potato chips defect (%), tuber firmness, tuber dry weight (%), and specific gravity compared to the control treatment during both seasons. Besides, applying cytokinin at 30 mg l-1, produced higher potato chips defect (%), tuber firmness, tuber dry weight (%), and specific gravity as compared with untreated plants (control), during both seasons. Foliar application of boron at 30 mg l-1 recorded the best results of tubers quality content i.e., average values of starch, tuber sugars, TSS, and ascorbic acid of potato tuber as compared with control treatments, during both seasons, also, potato plants treated with 30 mg l-1 of cytokinin gave the highest mean values of the average values of starch, tuber sugars, TSS and ascorbic acid of potato tuber as compared with control treatments, during both seasons

Biochemical profile, non-enzymatic antioxidants and functional attributes of raw and thermally processed West African Mud Creeper, Tympanotonos fuscatus var radula (Linnaeus, 1758)

BackgroundOne of the many relevant factors that influence mollusc consumption is the quality of its meat. The meat of Tympanotonos fuscatus var radula has been traditionally used as a subsistence food source with high-quality nutritious culinary delicacy. The study assessed the biochemical profile, non-enzymatic antioxidants and functional attributes of T. fuscatus var radula from a brackish Creek in Southwest Nigeria.ResultsProtein formed the highest percentage both in raw and steamed samples with the mean values of 47.61 g/100 g and 46.04 g/100 g respectively. The total mineral content was higher in raw sample (237.40 mg 100 g−1) than in steamed sample (201.05 mg 100 g−1), in the decreasing order of phosphorus > sodium > calcium > potassium > magnesium. Raw sample had the highest proportion of energy contribution, which was from protein (PEP = 53.1%), while the least energy contribution was from fat (PEF = 3.1%) in steamed sample. The cholesterol content of raw T. fuscatus var radula was 0.15 ± 0.01 mg/100 g, being reduced by steaming to 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/100 g, while a nonsignificantly lower percentage of oleic was also observed in steamed sample (0.98 ± 0.01%). After steaming, the values of TBA, ascorbic acid and DPPH increased from 0.22 to 1.41 mg/100 g, 15.31 to 20.54 mg/100 g and 65.11 to 84.6%, respectively. Relatively, higher mean values of water absorption capacity (198.13%), oil absorption capacity (292.59%), and foam capacity (6.90%) were recorded in raw sample, while steamed sample was better in foam stability (33.33%) and emulsion stability (51.51%).ConclusionsT. fuscatus var radula is a good source of nutrition, rich in protein and because of its good functional physiognomies, the steamed edible part will be highly desirable for preparing complimentary food.

Biochemical composition, drying kinetics and chromatic parameters of red pepper as affected by cultivars and drying methods

Effects of different drying methods (open-sun, shade, greenhouse, microwave (300−600 W), air-convective (60−80°C) and freeze drying) on drying kinetics, biochemical characteristics, rehydration ratio, color and total phenolic content of two different pepper cultivars (Bozok and Pinar) were investigated in this study. Significant differences were observed in biochemical traits of the cultivars and response of cultivars to different drying methods was also different. The greatest crude protein, β-carotene and lycopene values were recorded for the freeze dryer application. The greatest ascorbic acid values were obtained from freeze dryer and shade drying. Microwave drying process resulted an increment in total phenolic contents of the samples. Except for shade drying, the other methods reduced the oil contents and drying methods significantly influenced fatty acid composition of the samples. The rehydration ratios increased with increasing microwave powers. Chromatic parameters (L*, a*, b*, ΔE) were also influenced by drying temperatures, which contributed to the discoloring of red pepper during the process of drying.

Fluorescent nitrogen-doped Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots as a unique “on-off-on” nanoprobe for chrominum (VI) and ascorbic acid based on inner filter effect

The MXene quantum dots (MQDs) derived from two-dimensional MXene nanosheets is a kind of rising-star nanomaterial recently, exhibiting important applications in many fields, while the investigation of element-doping MQDs with better performances for chem/biosensing is jut beginning. In this work, by cutting Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets with a simple method, we synthesized firstly nitrogen-doping Ti3C2 MQDs (N-Ti3C2 MQDs) which displays remarkable excitation-dependent photoluminescence and photobleaching resistance. Interestingly, the fluorescence of N-Ti3C2 MQDs can be quenched by chromium (VI) (Cr(VI)) owing to the existence of Inner filter effect and static quenching, triggering a fluorescent “on-off” signal; on account of the oxidation-reduction reaction between ascorbic acid (AA) and Cr(VI), the related fluorescence of N-Ti3C2 MQDs can be further recovered in the presence of AA, inducing an “off-on” fluorescence response. Thus, N-Ti3C2 MQDs was then used as nanoprobe for the fluorescent detection of Cr(VI) and AA, and the developed sensing method was verified to possess great sensitivity with the wide linear ranges from 0.1–500.0 μM toward both Cr(VI) and AA as well as low detection limits of 0.012 μM for Cr(VI) and 0.02 μM for AA. Furthermore, the investigation about the selectivity and practical application demonstrated N-Ti3C2 MQDs has important actual values for Cr(VI) and AA sensing.

Synthesis, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Molecular Modeling Studies of Novel [2,3′-Biquinoline]-4-Carboxylic Acid and Quinoline-3-Carbaldehyde Analogs

Currently, it has been common to see people being affected and dying from untreatable infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) germs. To tackle this problem, developing new effective chemotropic agents is urgently needed. Hence, this project aims to design, synthesize, and evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activities of new series of [2,3′-biquinoline]-4-carboxylic acid and quinoline-3-carbaldehyde analogs. The molecular docking analysis of the compounds against E. coli DNA gyrase was computed to investigate the binding mode of the compounds within the active site of the enzyme. In this regard, a new series of [2,3′-biquinoline]-4-carboxylic acid and quinoline-3-carbaldehyde analogs were synthesized by utilization of Vilsmeier–Haack, Doebner, nucleophilic substitution, and hydrolysis reactions. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined using UV-Vis, FT-IR, and NMR. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains using disc diffusion methods. The findings of the study revealed that seven of synthetic compounds possess good antibacterial activity compared to ciprofloxacin which was used as a positive control in the experiment. Among them, compounds 4, 9, and 10 displayed the highest mean inhibition zone of 13.7 ± 0.58, 16.0 ± 1.7, and 20.7 ± 1.5 mm, respectively, at 0.1 μg/μL. The radical scavenging property of these compounds was evaluated using DPPH radical assay where compounds 9 and 20 showed the strongest activity with IC50 values of 1.25 and 1.75 μg/mL, respectively. At the same concentration, the IC50 value of ascorbic acid was 4.5 μg/mL. The synthesized compounds were also assessed for their in silico molecular docking analysis. Compounds 4 (−6.9 kcal/mol), 9 (−6.9 kcal/mol), and 10 (−7.9 kcal/mol) showed the maximum binding affinity close to ciprofloxacin (−7.2 kcal/mol) used as a positive control. Thus, compounds 4, 9, and 10 showed the best antibacterial activities in both in vitro and molecular docking analyses among the synthetic compounds. The results of in silico molecular docking evaluation of the synthetic compounds against E. coli DNA gyrase B were in good agreement with the in vitro antibacterial analysis. Therefore, the antibacterial activity displayed by these compounds is encouraging for further investigation to improve the activities of [2,3′-biquinoline]-4-carboxylic acid by incorporating various bioisosteric groups in either of the quinoline rings.

Free radical scavenging, Thrombolytic and cytotoxic effects of the medicinal herb, Crassocephalum crepidioides

Crassocephalum crepidioides belongs to the Asteraceae family and the leaves of the plant were used in the phytochemical screening. The objective of this study was phytochemical analysis of C. crepidioides in order to evaluate its antioxidant, thrombolytic and cytotoxic effects. In this study, DPPH assay and total phenolic content (TPC) were used to evaluate the antioxidant property. Brine shrimp lethality test was performed to find the cytotoxicity. The TPC of methanolic extract of C. crepidioides was 637.22 mg/gm and gallic acid was standard in this procedure. The IC50 value of the plant extract of DPPH assay was 136.016 μg/mL obtained by using ascorbic acid as reference standard. Furthermore, the obtained IC50 value of ascorbic acid was 94.12 μg/mL. In this study, lethal concentrations of vincristine sulfate and the plant extract were 3.064 μg/mL and 69.245 μg/mL respectively. Indeed, the plant exhibited significant antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity.

Detection of Biological Activity of Curcuma longa Methanol Extract and Its Antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract Plants are known to possess enormous profound benefits, which if well incorporated in daily living have the potential to influence our health in ways unexpected. Significant progress has been made concerning the anti-oxidative and anti-cancerous effect of bioactive components in food products, worthy of note in the curcuminoids derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes. Therefore, to this end, this research aims to describe succinctly the phytocomponents, antioxidant activity and anti-microbial activity of turmeric methanol extract. The zones of inhibition were measured after plating on a Mueller Hinton agar plate and compared to the standards penicillin G and chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol used as a positive control was found to be most effective on Staphylococcus aureus while Curcuma longa methanol extract and penicillin G were found to have the same microbial inhibition due to the negative control. Compared to the IC50 values of Ascorbic acid which was 5 mg/ ml, Curcuma longa methanol extract had a lower IC50 value is 3.2 mg/ml which according to previous literature is a good one given that lower IC50 values indicate great antioxidant activity. It was gathered by the observation that the qualitative extraction of Curcuma longa using methanol shows the presence of varying chemical components such as AR-tumerone, arachinsaeure, alpha-tumerone amongst others. Research data suggest that ar-turmerone has the potential to promote the positive and negative proliferation of tumor cell lines. As a result, Curcuma longa has high potential to be developed into an antibiotic against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other clinically important bacterial strains in future.